...the big box, and no big boxer is more prominent than WalMart. Big boxers like Wal-Mart not only apply pressure to suppliers and alter the mix of shopping alternatives for consumers, but they also greatly influence the competitive behavior of traditional retailers. The academic and business press has chronicled the wide-ranging effects of the mega-retailer over the past two decades (McCune, 1994; McGee and Peterson, 2000; Stone, 1993). Although there is growing evidence that Wal-Mart's hold on retail may be slipping, it remains a competitive nightmare for many of its competitors, particularly small rivals in local markets (McWiltiams, 2()07a. 2007b). A number of authors (e.g.. McGee and Peterson, 2000; Edid, 2005; Spector, 2005) have suggested or inferred competitive responses for smaller retailers when a big box like Wal-Mart comes to town. This paper builds on such work by providing a more comprehensive and theorybased analysis of strategic alternatives available to retailers specifically facing a threat from WalMart. Toward that end, the remainder of the paper begins with an overview of the big box phenomenon and a framework for understanding how the big box influences the strategic landscape. Three theory-based potential strategic responses are evaluated, followed by conclusions and opportunities for further research. Wal-Mart and the Big Box Phenomenon The emergence of big box retailers in the United States has changed the retailing landscape considerably. The term "big box"...
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...management and employee relations. This culture that’s included are an Open Door Policy where management believes open communication critical to understanding and meeting our associates’ and our customers’ needs. Associates can trust and rely on the open door; it's one of the most important parts of our culture. Sundown Rule is a rule that management attempts to answer request by the close of business. Grass Roots Process is a belief that associates’ ideas, suggestions and concerns matter. The 10-foot Rule is a customer service tactic that greets and engages customers that are within 10 feet distance. Servant Leadership is a policy Wal-Mart uses to listen to their partners and associates in an attempt to create morale and teamwork. Teamwork is a big part of their store culture as Sam Walton believes in the power of teamwork to help grow at the pace of modern life. Wal-Mart Cheer is incorporated by all associates by shouting enthusiastically inside the store to show pride in the company. Lastly, Wal-Mart reads associates’ stories to carry out their beliefs and values as well. Company image Wal-Mart aims to help customers save money to improve their purchasing power to live better. The company’s marketing efforts are to establish awareness that they are the price leaders in their market. In recent times, the company has focus on becoming involved more in local communities by charity and service. SWOT ANALYSIS TABLE Strengths * Largest retailer in the world by sales * 50% higher...
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...least 110 outlets in the UK employing 250 in each outlet. The collection includes: * Cornflakes * Mixed grains flakes * Porridge oats * Muesli * Wheat * Rice * Barley * Honey flakes * Toasted Oats * Multi Grain * Fruit and Wheat Cereal The sales have progressively been growing since the mid 1990’s and are now looking into modernising their range with a breakfast cereal, which will specifically apply to children. We are now planning to introduce its new product to be chocolate based, the target market being children. In these fast paced conditions businesses need to go in order to survive and increase their sales revenue. The cereal has to be nutritious and healthy along with tasty in order for the children to enjoy and demand for more! Current market (Organic Food Sale) Multiple retailers: 2010 = £1,252m, 2011 = £1,189.6m -5% Box schemes/home delivery/mail order: 2010 = £155.8m, 2011 = £167m +7.2% Farm shops: 2010 = £31.55m, 2011 = £30.45m -3.5% Farmers’ markets: 2010 = £17.82m, 2011 = £17.64m -1% Other independent retailers: 2010-£259.3m, 2011-£246.6m -4.9% Why did it expand so quickly? Organic food is getting more popular and this is due to the media and celebrities advertising them and giving positive feedback about the products. About the product: The product will be a cereal aimed at children and the name of the cereal will be “Hale n Hearty Jungle Crunch” which will contain multi grain in...
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...European Commission, DG Internal Market and Services Unit E2 STUDY ON THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE ELECTRONIC COMMERCE DIRECTIVE FINAL REPORT | 7 SEPTEMBER 2007 Study on The Economic Impact of the Electronic Commerce Directive COLOPHON Authors Dr. Claus Kastberg Nielsen, Mr. Christian Jervelund, Ms. Karin Gros Pedersen, Ms. Benita Rytz, Mr. Eske Stig Hansen, Mr. Jacob Lind Ramskov Client Date: DG Internal Market and Services, European Commission 7 September 2007 2 Study on The Economic Impact of the Electronic Commerce Directive TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary.........................................................................................................4 Preface 6 Chapter 1 Main findings............................................................................................7 1.1. Intermediary providers and certain online merchants have benefitted already.......12 1.2. Cross border trade and productivity growth.........................................................12 1.3. Contractual obligations in consumer contracts may hinder cross border trade......14 Chapter 2 The impact of specific provisions............................................................16 2.1. Limited liability provisions ..................................................................................16 2.2. E-contracts ..........................................................................................................23 2.3. Information requirement...
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...MEGATRENDS UNDERPINNING TOURISM TO 2020 Analysis of key drivers for change Larry Dwyer, Deborah Edwards, Nina Mistilis, Carolina Roman, Noel Scott and Chris Cooper Analysis of Key Drivers for Change Technical Reports The technical report series present data and its analysis, meta-studies and conceptual studies, and are considered to be of value to industry, government and researchers. Unlike the Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre’s Monograph series, these reports have not been subjected to an external peer review process. As such, the scientific accuracy and merit of the research reported here is the responsibility of the authors, who should be contacted for clarification of any content. Author contact details are at the back of this report. National Library of Australia Cataloguing in Publication Data Dwyer, Larry. Megatrends underpinning tourism to 2020: analysis of key drivers for change. Bibliography. ISBN 9781920965525. 1. Tourism - Economic aspects - Australia. 2. Tourism - Social aspects - Australia. 3. Tourism - Political aspects - Australia. 4. Tourism - Environmental aspects - Australia. 5. Tourism - Australia. I. Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism. II. Title. 338.47910994 Copyright © CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd 2008 All rights reserved. Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this book may be reproduced by any process without...
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...HOW TO ACCESS TRADE FINANCE A GUIDE FOR EXPORTING SMEs EXPORT IMPACT FOR GOOD © International Trade Centre 2009 The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. Street address: ITC, 54-56, rue de Montbrillant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland +41-22 730 0111 +41-22 733 4439 itcreg@intracen.org http://www.intracen.org Postal address: Telephone: Fax: E-mail: Internet: HOW TO ACCESS TRADE FINANCE A GUIDE FOR EXPORTING SMEs Geneva 2009 ii ABSTRACT FOR TRADE INFORMATION SERVICES 2009 F-04.03 HOW INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE (ITC) How to Access Trade Finance: A guide for exporting SMEs Geneva: ITC, 2009. x, 135 p. Guide dealing with the processes involved in obtaining finance for exporting SMEs – explains the credit process of financial institutions from pre-application to loan repayment; examines the SME sector and barriers to finance, as well as the risks in lending to the SME sector as perceived by financial institutions; addresses SMEs’ internal assessment of financial needs, determining the right financing instruments, and finding the appropriate lenders and service providers; discusses how to approach and negotiate with banks; tackles cash flow and risk management issues; includes examples of real-life business plans and loan requests; includes bibliography (p. 134). Descriptors: Trade Financing, Export Financing, Export Credit, Risk Management...
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...Economic Outlook, Prospects, and Policy Challenges 01 CHAPTER This year’s Economic Survey comes at a time of unusual volatility in the international economic environment. Markets have begun to swing on fears that the global recovery may be faltering, while risks of extreme events are rising. Amidst this gloomy landscape, India stands out as a haven of stability and an outpost of opportunity. Its macro-economy is stable, founded on the government’s commitment to fiscal consolidation and low inflation. Its economic growth is amongst the highest in the world, helped by a reorientation of government spending toward needed public infrastructure. These achievements are remarkable not least because they have been accomplished in the face of global headwinds and a second successive season of poor rainfall. The task now is to sustain them in an even more difficult global environment. This will require careful economic management. As regards monetary and liquidity policy, the benign outlook for inflation, widening output gaps, the uncertainty about the growth outlook and the over-indebtedness of the corporate sector all imply that there is room for easing. Fiscal consolidation continues to be vital, and will need to maintain credibility and reduce debt, in an uncertain global environment, while sustaining growth. On the government’s “reformto-transform” agenda, a series of measures, each incremental but collectively meaningful have been enacted. There have also...
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...pART 1 NEW ECONOMIC MODEL FOR MALAYSIA NEW ECONOMIC MODEL FOR MALAYSIA pART 1 High Income Rakyat Quality of Life Inclusiveness Sustainability NEAC National Economic Advisory Council Level 5 & 11, Menara Usahawan Persiaran Perdana, Precinct 2 Federal Government Administrative Centre 62652 PUTRAJAYA MALAYSIA NATIONAL ECONOMIC ADVISORY COUNCIL NEAC www.neac.gov.my NEAC NATIONAL ECONOMIC ADVISORY COUNCIL CHAPTRE NEW ECONOMIC MODEL F O R M A L AY S I A 1 Part I: Strategic Policy Directions Copyrights Reserved All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise without the prior permission of: Secretary National Economic Advisory Council Level 5 & 11, Menara Usahawan Persiaran Perdana, Precinct 2 Federal Government Administrative Centre 62652 PUTRAJAYA Tel.: 03-8888 6512/ 8888 6513 Fax: 03-8888 4638/ 8888 4177 Email: secretariat.neac@pmo.gov.my www.neac.gov.my Sales copies are obtainable from: Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Berhad Jalan Chan Sow Lin 50554 Kuala Lumpur Tel.: 03-9236 6888 Fax: 03-9222 4773 Email: cservice@printnasional.com.my __________________________________ Cover design and layout by Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Berhad Preface This report is the first of two documents by the National Economic Advisory Council (NEAC) on the New Economic Model (NEM). This report presents...
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...page 2 of text for a definition of scarcity. Goods need not be unattainable to be scarce. Because people’s incomes are limited, they cannot have everything they want from shops, even though the shops are stocked full. If all items in shops were free, the shelves would soon be emptied! ( If we would all like more money, why does the government not print a lot more? Could it not thereby solve the problem of scarcity ‘at a stroke’? The problem of scarcity is one of a lack of production. Simply printing more money without producing more goods and services will merely lead to inflation. To the extent that firms cannot meet the extra demand (i.e. the extra consumer expenditure) by extra production, they will respond by putting up their prices. Without extra production, consumers will end up unable to buy any more than previously. 5 ( (Box 1.1) What is it that makes each one of the above news items an economics item? Each one of the items has something to do with production, consumption or exchange, and/or the money incomes and expenditures involved. 6 ( Which of the following are macroeconomic issues, which are microeconomic ones and which could be either depending on the context?...
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...A study on Different Media Planning strategies at Selected Organizations In the partial fulfilment of Post Graduate Diploma in Management By: Bhargav Radia (P1139) Under the guidance of: Dr RAJESH ASRANI External Guide: Mrs Upasana Miterani Mrs Nikita Panchal N.R. INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AHMEDABAD (2011-2013) DECLARATION We Moulin Gajjar, Mohammad Ali & Bhargav Radia students of the two year PGDM programme at N R Institute of Business Management hereby declare that the report on summer training and project work entitle is the result of our own work. We also acknowledge the other works/publication cited in the report. (Signature) (Signature) (Signature) Moulin Gajjar Mohammad Ali Bhargav Radia Place: Ahmedabad Date:3/08/2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I express my sincere thanks to Ms. Upasana Miterani and Mrs. Nikita Panchal Marketing Executives, ACTIVE MEDIA, AHMEDABAD. Who guided me throughout my project with constant co-operation, encouragement and motivation. I thank to record my gratitude to our college Director for his encouragement and valuable support towards us. My project guide Mr. Rajesh Asrani has provided his valuable inputs as and when required. I thank him for his help and constant support. ...
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...The Australian Industry Group Business prospects in 2013: Australia’s gap year? februAry 2013 national CEo survEy: Principal contact person for this report: Julie Toth Chief Economist THE AUSTRALIAN INDUSTRY GROUP Direct Tel: (03) 9867 0124 Julie.Toth@aigroup.asn.au This report was produced with financial support from the Government of Australia’s Productivity, Education and Training (PET) Fund. © THE AUSTRALIAN INDUSTRY GROUP, 2013 The copyright in this work is owned by the publisher, The Australian Industry Group, 51 Walker Street, North Sydney NSW 2060. All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic or mechanical) without the written permission of the publisher. ISBN 978-1-921768-44-6 2 Ai Group National CEO Survey 2013 Business prospects in 2013 Australian Industry Group National CEO Survey Business prospects in 2013: Australia's gap year? Ai Group National CEO Survey 2013 Business prospects in 2013 3 Key messages Business prospects in 2013: Australia's gap year? The Australian economy is going through significant change, with multiple, long-term forces restructuring our economy (such as global growth shifts and our own demographic changes), and ongoing challenges in our immediate outlook (such as the high Australian dollar and our relatively high business cost base). Recent drivers of growth are waning, with capital investment by the mining industry due to peak soon...
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...Z01_JOHN2020_09_SE_EM18.QXD 10/13/10 9:09 Page 658 CASE STUDY Tesco: from domestic operator to multinational giant Michelle Lowe and Neil Wrigley This case considers the emergence of Tesco plc as one of the world’s leading multinational retailers. In a remarkable 10-year period, Tesco has transformed itself from a purely domestic operator to a multinational giant – with subsidiaries in Europe, Asia and North America – and in 2009 had 64 per cent of its operating space outside the UK. Examining market entry into Asia in more detail, the case compares ‘success’ in Thailand and South Korea with ‘failure’ in Taiwan. It also considers ‘a high risk gamble’ in Tesco’s entry into the US market, long considered to be a graveyard of overambitious expansion by UK retailers. ● ● ● Introduction In April 2009, Tesco, the UK’s largest retailer and private sector employer of labour, announced annual sales for 2008/09 of almost £60 billion (x66bn or $90.2bn) together with profits of £3 billion (x3.3bn or $4.5bn). After a dramatic decade-long transformation from purely domestic operator to multinational giant, Tesco now had a remarkable 64 per Source: Getty Images. cent of its operating space outside the UK, was developing increasingly strong businesses across 11 Asian and European markets, had a rapidly expanding ‘start-up’ subsidiary operating in the western USA, and had announced its entry into the Indian market. Moreover, as signalled in both the title of its Annual Report...
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...PROJECT REPORT ON THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SECTOR Index |Topic |Page | | |Number | |Information Technology |3 | |Industry Analysis |3 | |Key Players In The IT Sector |3 | |Employment Trends |4 | |India-based Service Provider Landscape |4 | |Key Highlights Of The IT-ITES Sector Performance | | | IT Industry’s Sector Wise Break-Up |5 | | Growth in Revenues |5 | | Increasing Exports |6 | |Indian IT Industry-Top View ...
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...Z01_JOHN2020_09_SE_EM18.QXD 10/13/10 9:09 Page 658 CASE STUDY Tesco: from domestic operator to multinational giant Michelle Lowe and Neil Wrigley This case considers the emergence of Tesco plc as one of the world’s leading multinational retailers. In a remarkable 10-year period, Tesco has transformed itself from a purely domestic operator to a multinational giant – with subsidiaries in Europe, Asia and North America – and in 2009 had 64 per cent of its operating space outside the UK. Examining market entry into Asia in more detail, the case compares ‘success’ in Thailand and South Korea with ‘failure’ in Taiwan. It also considers ‘a high risk gamble’ in Tesco’s entry into the US market, long considered to be a graveyard of overambitious expansion by UK retailers. ● ● ● Introduction In April 2009, Tesco, the UK’s largest retailer and private sector employer of labour, announced annual sales for 2008/09 of almost £60 billion (x66bn or $90.2bn) together with profits of £3 billion (x3.3bn or $4.5bn). After a dramatic decade-long transformation from purely domestic operator to multinational giant, Tesco now had a remarkable 64 per Source: Getty Images. cent of its operating space outside the UK, was developing increasingly strong businesses across 11 Asian and European markets, had a rapidly expanding ‘start-up’ subsidiary operating in the western USA, and had announced its entry into the Indian market. Moreover, as signalled in both the title of its Annual Report...
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...R e se a rc h a n d Stat i s t i c s B r a n c h working paper 16/2009 Impact of the Global Economic and Financial Crisis over the Automotive Industry in Developing Countries UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION RESEARCH AND STATISTICS BRANCH WORKING PAPER 16/2009 Impact of the Global Economic and Financial Crisis over the Automotive Industry in Developing Countries Peter Wad Copenhagen Business School UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna, 2010 This paper was prepared by Peter Wad, UNIDO consultant and backstopped by Nobuya Haraguchi, UNIDO staff member, Research and Statistics Branch, Programme Coordination and Field Operations Division. Iguaraya Saavedra provided administrative support. The designations employed, descriptions and classifications of countries, and the presentation of the material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Secretariat of the UNIDO. The responsibility for opinions expressed rests solely with the authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. Although great care has...
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