...looking appearance. The modern development of sunscreen was produced by Eugene Schueller in 1935. He produced a sunscreen using benzyl salicylate as a UVR absorber. Schueller was the founder of a company known today to be L’Oreal and was great at advertising. After WWII he marketed a “tanned body” as a healthy body and used tanned women in bikinis to promote his product. In 1962 there were two major advances in sunscreen materials and sunscreen testing. First benzophenone was introduced as a ingredient and its purpose was to absorb UVA rays. In the tests mouse skin was significantly protected from the UVA rays using this material. In the matter of testing the effectiveness of sunscreen Wiskemann and Heissen introduced the use of a water-cooled xenon high-pressure arc for the skin testing. There is increasing evidence the UVA radiation can cause chronic skin damage in healthy people who are exposed to the sun. Therefore the search for a UVA absorbing agent has been the research of that is of greatest concern. The need for protection against sun damage of skin and eyes has existed since ancient times. Once again it is becoming fashionable to have “Pale skin” because this relates to having a long and healthy life. How is your (or you family members’, co-workers’, or others’) use of the technology affected by the character of its production, distribution, and marketing? And vice versa In many people today the look that is most associated with...
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...| UVA (mw/m2) | UVB (MW/m2) | | | IO | 59 | 263 | | | | | | UVA | UVB | Color | Thickness | | Average Attenuation Coefficient | Average Attenuation Coefficient | Green | 0.12 mm | 0.205 mm | 1661/m | -143. 9/m | Maroon | 0.13 mm | 0.25 mm | 1356/m | 1681.231 /m | Activity 1: Table 1:Initial Intensity In this activity, we measure first the initial intensity of UVA and UVB without the umbrella. We also measure for the thickness of two umbrellas, choosing the green and maroon colour of umbrella by getting the average of each colour. Then compute for the average attenuation coefficient of UVA and UVB of green and also for the maroon. Conclusion In this activity, we conclude that UVB has a greater intensity rather than UVA. Also the hue of the fabric of umbrellas has greater effect, the lighter the shade of the fabric the lower it protect against UV radiation. Activity 2: Experimental e/m ratio = 1.64 × 1011c/kg Accepted value of e/m ratio = 1.76 × 1011 c/kg % error = 6.18 % Table 2: Charge to mass (e/m) ratio Accelerating Potential (v) | 188 | Radius of the Helmhoitz coil (a) | 0.15m | No. of turns on each Helmhoitz coil (N) | 130 | Permeability constant (µO) | 4 π ×10-7 | Current through the Helmhoitz coils (I) | 1.66 | Radius of the electron beam path (r) | 0.037 | In this activity, we determine the charge to mass (e/m) ratio of an electron using the e/m apparatus. All units were given except for the radius of the electron...
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...Why do we use sunscreen? Sun poses many dangers to our health, particularly on our skin. The sun releases harmful radiation which can permanently damage the skin and can cause skin cancer, precancerous changes in the skin, as well as premature wrinkling and signs of aging. Apart from these effects it causes the usual sunburn. A sunburn is basically a burn which is caused by too much exposure to the ultraviolet radiation of the sun. Like other burns, sunburns can cause first degree burns, which are the most common type. With a first degree burn, a child's skin will be red and painful, but there will be no blisters. More severe or deep sunburns can lead to second degree burns, with the formation of blisters on the skin, and more rarely, third degree burns. Excessive exposure to sun is bad because of ultraviolet radiation, 90 percent of which comes in the form of Ultraviolet A (UVA) rays that are not absorbed by the ozone layer and penetrate deep into our skin. Ultraviolet B (UVB) rays make up the rest. UVB rays are partially absorbed by the ozone layer, which makes preserving the ozone layer crucial for our health. And because UVB rays don’t penetrate our skin as deeply, they can cause those lobster-red sunburns. Both types of UV rays are thought to cause skin cancer. Some of the possible mechanisms for UV skin damage are collagen breakdown, the formation of free radicals, interfering with DNA repair, and inhibiting the immune system. To prevent this, the most...
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...The Chemistry of Sunscreen My written study report is about sunscreen where we can usually find it in some beauty shops and drugstores. Sunscreens in different brands would have different properties and selling points. The main function of sunscreen is to protect our skin from the exposure of Ultra-violet (UVA and UVB) which can cause severe erythema (sunburn) and skin cancer. Some of them also claimed to moisturize and brighten up our skin. Normally, people who have a higher consciousness on their skin condition would apply sunscreen on their face and body frequently whenever they go outdoors. Athletes are also the main users of sunscreen as they often do exercises under sunlight over a long period of time; therefore they have to apply sunscreen to prevent long-term damage on their skin. It is stated that only a tiny amount of sunscreen is enough to reach the desire effect and protection. The prices of these kinds of lotion vary a lot as it depends on their SPF(Sun Protection Factor) rating as well as PA degree, ranging from $60 to $250+. This product is popular worldwide especially in United States as people nowadays often do outdoor activities while they are highly aware of their health. The main reason of choosing sunscreen as study Project topic is that I am curious about how do the chemicals inside sunscreen can protect us from sun burn and the potential risk of applying it. As far as I am concerned, some of the chemicals inside sunscreen are nanoparticles. Would...
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...Sometimes, these treatments are used in combination with each other. Treatments for mycosis fungoides Treatments for mycosis fungoides include both skin-directed and systemic treatments. Skin-directed treatments for mycosis fungoides For patients with early-stage mycosis fungoides, treatments are aimed directly at the skin rather than the entire body. Skin-directed treatmetns for mycosis fungoides include • Phototherapy with ultraviolet (UV) light • Topical medicines • Radiation therapy Phototherapy with ultraviolet (UV) light Phototherapy uses two types of ultraviolet (UV) light to destroy cancer cells. A patient may be treated using either ultraviolet A (UVA) or ultraviolet B (UVB) light. Both types of UV light are administered using fluorescent lamps. The light boxes are specially calibrated to maximize the effect of treatment while minimizing the risk of burns. Phototherapy treatments are usually...
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...INVESTMENT DECISION AND CASH FLOWS A positive net present value (NPV) is a direct estimate of value creation for shareholders and is an operational way of carrying through on the strategy of trying to maximize shareholder wealth. To calculate NPV, however we need to estimate the cash costs and benefits of any decision at hand. In this note we discuss the evaluation of investment proposals. Cash Flows: Basic Concepts The cash flows that we will use in our analysis are incremental after-tax cash flows. The incremental-cash-flow rule is that the cash flows relevant in analyzing an investment opportunity are those after-tax cash flows and only those after-tax cash flows directly attributable to the investment. The words incremental, after-tax and cash are critical. The term cash calls attention to the fact that we are interested in cash flow and not accounting profits. Ultimately, financial transactions must be carried out with cash, not profits, so we look to cash as the source of value. As we will see, we are interested in all cash flows affected by a decision under evaluation, no matter how those cash flows are classified for accounting purposes. The term after-tax emphasizes that we are able to keep the cash only after payment of taxes. The word incremental is important because in deciding whether to do something, or whether to pick alternative A or alternative B, differences in outcomes are of interest. What changes as a result of the decision? If a firm replaces a piece of...
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...Substance Abuse – Pre-midterm Notes Week 2 (First lecture) – 9/10 * Substance use vs. abuse * Use * The legal enjoyment of your property within socially acceptable norms * i.e. you don’t drive under the influence – that’s not socially acceptable * Consumption of any psychoactive substance * More neutral * Includes * Social drinking * 1-2 drinks on any one social occasion * Abuse * Any use of illegal drugs * Ex. Any use of crack cocaine – never legal * Used both objectively and pejoratively with the intention to vilify consumption of illicit drugs * Use that is harmful and puts the user at risk * Have been used interchangeably by the media * Alcohol use in that context * Social drinking * 1-2 drinks in a day, in any one social occasion * Problem drinking * 3-4 drinks a day * Alcohol abuse * 6-24 drinks a day * What is a drug?: Defining the term * 3 categories: Illegality, Medical utility, Psychoactivity * Medical utility * Used to treat or heal the mind or body * Medicalization: prescription of currently illegal substances for medical purposes * Marijuana in 14 states * Heroin in some countries * Not all substances have medical utility * Categorization by government ...
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...FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND POLICIES FIRST YEAR REQUIRED COURSE PACKET Quarter III, Spring 2010 FACULTY Section I: Section II: Section III: SectionIV: Section V: FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND POLICIES Quarter III, Spring 2010 Elena Loutskina Marc Lipson Robert Conroy MarcLipson Elena Loutskina IMPORTANT SCHEDULE ANNOUNCEMENT: Thursday, February 19 is a DAY LONG exercise that requires your participation until 5:30pm that evening. By compressing the exercise into a single day we were able to designate Friday as a Reading Day. Please DO NOT schedule any travel until after your obligation for the exercise ends at 5:30pm Thursday evening. COURSE DESCRIPTION First-Year Financial Management and Policies (FMP) reflects three important features of the Darden MBA Program: (1) it is a general management program; (2) the program, through its frequent use of the case method of instruction, has a practical, pragmatic bias and a decision- orientation; and (3) the first-year program provides the basic training on which students can build in the second-year. Consistent with the first-year program, FMP aims to provide: 1. An Introduction. The course provides the basic framework necessary to pursue further study in finance in the second-year of the MBA program and on his or her own thereafter. This framework is an orientation towards valuation. 2. Basic Mastery. The course emphasizes essentials, the tools and concepts that every general manager, entrepreneur, or manager in other functional fields...
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...Introduction to Bone Health and Vitamins/Minerals – Week 5: iLab A. Where are they found or come from? B .What are they recommended for? C. What is the dose? D. Are there any warnings about this use of the substance? E. Include personal experience with any of these substances if you would like to disclose 1. Cascara Sagrada A. Cascara sagrada is the dried bark of the buckthorn Rhamnus purshiana tree. B. Relieving occasional constipation (irregularity). C. 300 mg capsule is taken in early evening D. Cascara sagrada should not be taken for more than 7 days, if pregnant or nursing, if you have intestinal bowel problems or blockages, such as inflammatory bowel disease, ulcers or diarrhea. Finally, children under 12 should not use the herb. E. No known personal experience. 2. Dong Quai A. Dong quai is a plant. People use the root to make medicine. B. Dong quai is used for menstrual cramps, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and menopausal symptoms. It is also used orally as a “blood purifier”; to manage hypertension, infertility, joint pain, ulcers, “tired blood” (anemia), and constipation; and in the prevention and treatment of allergic attacks. Dong quai is also used orally for the treatment of loss of skin color (depigmentation) and psoriasis. Some men apply dong quai to the skin of the penis as part of a multi-ingredient preparation for treating premature ejaculation. C. Applied to the glans penis 1 hour before sex and washed off...
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...Patient expectation Patient expectation Treatment plan * Demonstration to patient * Drugs/systematic oral medication * Psychological support * Types of severity * Follow up: blood investigation, psoriasis lesion * Topical creams/emollient * Adverse reactions/side effects Management 1. Topical 2. Systematic 3. Phototherapy a. Narrowband UVB and PUVA b. UVA Treatment plan * Demonstration to patient * Drugs/systematic oral medication * Psychological support * Types of severity * Follow up: blood investigation, psoriasis lesion * Topical creams/emollient * Adverse reactions/side effects Management 4. Topical 5. Systematic 6. Phototherapy c. Narrowband UVB and PUVA d. UVA Diagnosis * Prognosis * Cure rate * Quality of life * Further investigation Differential diagnosis * Good investigation – biopsy Diagnosis * Prognosis * Cure rate * Quality of life * Further investigation Differential diagnosis * Good investigation – biopsy Summary and results * Quality of life * Other scores * Symptomatic relief Summary and results * Quality of life * Other scores * Symptomatic relief Follow up Evaluation at 3 months and 6 months Follow up Evaluation at 3 months and 6 months Consultation * Psychological support * Prognosis * Stress and life style management Consultation * Psychological support * Prognosis * Stress and...
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...Chemical Peels and Cancer Skin is the largest organ of the human body, covering virtually every inch of the body. As such, the skin is more susceptible to the occurrence of cancer in the body when compared to other parts of the body. That said, most people would rather remain ‘ugly’ or have blemishes on their skin surfaces than deal with the attendant risk of cancer that therapy may bring. Cancer, like other terminal illnesses is not only known for eating up the patient, it is also very expensive to treat and painful, often leading to death. Chemical peels are normally undertaken by most people to improve their skin condition and reduce the effects of ageing on the skin. However, research has discovered an additional benefit of chemical peel...
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...DardenBusinessPublishing:217352 UVA-QA-0293 This document is authorized for use only by Lynne Green at Mercer University. Please do not copy or redistribute. Contact permissions@dardenbusinesspublishing.com for questions or additional permissions. LINEAR MODEL-BUILDING Linear (regression) models are used in a variety of business situations for a variety of purposes. One reason for their popularity is that they can be easily understood and implemented. All that is needed is data on two or more variables and a computer or calculator. With a minimal amount of effort, a manager obtains (1) an equation for the relationship between the dependent variable (Y) and one or more independent variables (the Xs), (2) a forecast of Y for any given set of X-values, and (3) a host of statistics to complement the analysis. Because so much is obtained so easily, the potential for misuse is great if the model builder is not careful about how the model is built and applied. This note provides guidelines for the effective construction and application of linear models. We begin with a discussion and categorization of the various uses for a linear model. Whether a given model is appropriate for a particular use depends on the way the independent and dependent variables relate to each other. Next, we describe the kinds of possible relationships between Y and X variables, and then we emphasize the kind of relationship between Y and X necessary for each potential application of a...
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...lay in a tanning bed. As this trend continues to rise, medical researchers are beginning to pay close attention to the health effects of indoor tanning. Many recent medical studies and cases, researchers have linked the use of tanning beds to many health problems. Even with all of the negative effects that the use of indoor tanning can have there are still tanning companies that try to boast the positive effects. Despite the fact that tanning beds are harmful to the health of its victims, the use of tanning beds is on the upsurge and growing. In order for tanning companies to make a profit off the industry, they try to create a market for their product. They do this by marketing the positive effects that tanning beds can have. “Tanning is not just for the young. Because UV rays are essential for the body to produce vitamin D, mature adults at risk for osteoporosis can gain health benefits from moderate tanning. Vitamin D is essential for absorbing calcium to prevent...
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...SSRN Inspection UVA-C-2235 International Ratios Tell A Story—2005 TO ACCESS THIS DOCUMENT This is a protected document. The first two pages are available for everyone to see, but only faculty members who have verified faculty status with Darden Business Publishing are able to view this entire inspection copy. Username: Submit VERIFIED FACULTY If you have verified faculty status with Darden Business Publishing, simply enter the same username that you use on the Darden Business Publishing Web site, and then click “Submit.” Please note that this is an inspection copy and is not for classroom use. Faculty Register UNVERIFIED FACULTY If you are teaching faculty and do not yet have verified faculty access with Darden Business Publishing, please click on the “Faculty Register” link and submit your information requesting verified faculty access. Buy Case Now OTHER USERS If you would like to read the full document, click on “Buy Case Now” to be redirected to the Darden Business Publishing Web site where you can purchase this and other Darden cases. If you have any questions or need technical help, please contact Darden Business Publishing at 1-800-246-3367 or email sales@dardenbusinesspublishing.com Document Id 0000-1402-56F1-0000576A The protectedpdf technology is © Copyright 2006 Vitrium Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Patents Pending. UVA-C-2235 INTERNATIONAL RATIOS TELL A STORY: 2005 An income statement conveys the results of...
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...UVA-F-1563 Rev. Jan. 22, 2013 TARGET CORPORATION On November 14, 2006, Doug Scovanner, CFO of Target Corporation, was preparing for the November meeting of the Capital Expenditure Committee (CEC). Scovanner was one of five executive officers who were members of the CEC (Exhibit 1). On tap for the 8:00 a.m. meeting the next morning were 10 projects representing nearly $300 million in capital-expenditure requests. With the fiscal year’s end approaching in January, there was a need to determine which projects best fit Target’s future store growth and capital-expenditure plans, with the knowledge that those plans would be shared early in 2007, with both the board and investment community. In reviewing the 10 projects coming before the committee, it was clear to Scovanner that five of the projects, representing about $200 million in requested capital, would demand the greater part of the committee’s attention and discussion time during the meeting. The CEC was keenly aware that Target had been a strong performing company in part because of its successful investment decisions and continued growth. Moreover, Target management was committed to continuing the company’s growth strategy of opening approximately 100 new stores a year. Each investment decision would have long-term implications for Target: an underperforming store would be a drag on earnings and difficult to turn around without significant investments of time and money, whereas a top-performing store would add value both financially...
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