...The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper Your Name PSY460 Date Instructor Name The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper * Concepts of Territoriality, Privacy, and Personal Space Territoriality refers to a limited district for a person or animal and the tendency to defend an area of territory (Oxford, 1042); whereas personal, or one’ private space indicates the region humans or animals designate as their own. The relationship between the thoughts of territoriality, privacy, and personal personal space to population mass is associated with behavior. For example, Rubenstein (1980) examined changes in population mass and supply patterns, and noted how these changes affects the hostile behavior of the small sunfish. According to Rubenstein, the means by which small sunfish contend for nourishment is swayed by the mass of the inhabitants, the dispersal of victims, and the gender domination position of a person. Studies on territorial rights showed that Increases in prey dispersion reduced the proportion of battles over possessions in both low and high mass populations (Morrell & Koko, 200). Morrell & Koko sought to explain how animals establish territorial ownership, which is viewed as a major determinant of fitness in territorial animals. Some other behavioral characteristics associated with the establishment of territories include: (a) subordinates initiate fights over resources; (b) initiators are unlikely to contest prey in low mass inhabitants;...
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...Environmental Psychology Week 3: Individual Assignment The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper “A man's home is his castle” always has been an English common law for centuries, and is even a saying that is very familiar among many individuals within today’s society. In addition, individuals within today’s society have created numerous ways of defending what they may consider to be their own land, turf, or spread. This allows others to understand the difference or features conscientiously labeled among territory of an individual, which is considered private property and opened territory meant to be shared by a group that is public property. This paper will attempt to define and explain the concepts of territorial, privacy, and personal space. Even though society views these terms as somewhat similar to each other, they are very distinct in their own respected way. Territoriality is defined as a “persistent attachment to a specific territory: the pattern of behavior associated with the defense of a territory” (Merriam-Webster, 2011). This basically means that territoriality is viewed as a behavior in which a species lays claim to an area and shields it against members of its own species. Various key functions are expressed in territoriality, for instance it confirms the procreation of the species by regulating density as well as providing an outline in how things are simply done. Proper spacing is vital because it protects the species against over-exploitation...
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...The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper PSY460 Introduction Living different types of lifestyles can be from being raised in an urban or rural environment. Daily stressors are formed from the simplest things in life to the most over populated part of a city. During this paper we are able to learn about the concept of each affects that territory, privacy and personal spaces. How nature can affect the way of living to urban areas or how it can help other areas in the urban city. Noise to most people can be understanding and yet very draining depending on the situation. Learning about different environments makes a better understanding of how each person reflects on life and how they live it. Territory A territorial area is what is most important to humans, their property that they want to keep secluded from others. This is easily the privacy and personal space of humans that the owner wants others to see being territorial ties into all aspect s of privacy and personal. Not only are humans territorial but so are animals. There are many different signs for animals to show another animals territory. With birds singing, bears making claw marks in the trees to cats peeing to mark their territory making others know where they stand. As the cultures of others become to clash and become different is when people start to mark they land, they property making it know that what once was welcomed is not trespassing. Most people who have territory make it know with sign...
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...people being questioned, we as people can all relate to the need for clear and distinct territories, a sense of privacy and a desire for personal space, however as individuals we all experience the same events and situations entirely differently, depending on such factors as pervious experiences, personality type, cultural influences, age, socio-economic status, gender, etc. When taking into account the above referenced “factors” a clear and distinct definition of the key concepts , being discussed, is in order. Territory, Privacy, and Personal Space: Concepts such as Territory, privacy, and personal space take on a new meaning in relation to the ever-increasing population density. Here we take a brief look at the definition of each concept, as well as how each concept relates to high-density populations. Territory: The term territory refers to an area of land under the ruler ship or jurisdictions of a governing power (weibster.com). A similar term called, Territoriality refers to manner in which both Humans as well as animals utilize and defend, usually via physical acts of aggression, their physical space. (Territoriality, 2004). According to Abu-Ghazzeh (2000) “no area can be called a territory unless it is characterized by its owner's personal means of identification and unless it constitutes a component of the social behavior of its related group” (para. 1). What this means is that, behaviors are the catalyst to what truly define territory, not geographic location...
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...The Effects of Population Density and Noise The Effects of Population Density and Noise Today this paper will be describing and analyzing some of the effects that things like population density, noise, territoriality, privacy, and personal space effects individuals. There will be details as to why personal space, privacy, and territoriality have become increasingly important. There will also be a discussion or at least an explanation as to why populations have become denser. There will also be included a brief clarification on how places like Zoo’s. Parks and gardens might affect individuals living in urban areas of environment. Lastly there will be at least two different strategies expressed, which can be used to reduce some of the noise that may be in one’s environment. Population density is also one’s behavioral relations, which comes from one’s foundation of how the concept of privacy is essential. When one thinks of privacy, it is sometimes broken down as an individual’s rights. With privacy each individual would have the right to make known what he or she might want, one would also have the right to now allow any information such as personal information to be let out to the public or other individuals, or what could be accessed by other people. Population density is a certain amount of people that live in any given area of the world. Population density will measure how many people are living in places like towns, cities, states, and countries...
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...Effects of Population Density and Noise Population density is a term described as the ratio of people and organisms in relation to the size of the area they inhabit. This ratio is derived by taking the number of people in the given area and diving the number by the area occupied. As of the 2010 Census, there were 308,745,538 people in the United States. (U.S. Census Bureau, 2013). This means the population density is on average 87.4 people per square mile in the United States. (U.S. Census Bureau, 2013). Some states, like California and Florida have a density of 200 people per square mile. These figures are a prime example of crowding in many places. As population density increases, the noise from the population is going to increase especially in crowded areas. As people are moving into smaller and more confined areas, the ability to maintain their privacy and a sense of territoriality will change and be forced to adapt. In order to understand how population density truly affects people, the concepts of noise, privacy, territoriality, and personal space must be acknowledged and applied to the subject of populations. Territoriality, Privacy, and Personal Space Individuals will experience proximity or closeness with every other person in the world at one time or another. Proxemics is the actual term used when describing the person-environmental associations and covers the terms of territoriality, crowding, and personal space. Territoriality The term territoriality...
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...The Effects of Population Density and Noise Population density and noise can have many effects on individuals. Population density is the amount of people, which live in a particular area. Along with population density, comes noise; noise is typically an unwanted distraction. In this paper the subject to discuss is the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space; examine how the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space have become increasingly important as populations become denser; clarify the effect nature has on individuals living in urban environments, describe the concept of noise and examine the effect it has on individuals; and examine strategies that can be used to reduce noise in the workplace or in the living environment. Concepts of Territoriality, Privacy, and Personal Space Territories are areas marked and defended by their owners and often used for life-sustaining activities (Territoriality, 2004). The most common example of a person's territory would be his or her home because one tends to personalize and defend what is theirs. A person identifies themselves with his or her territory and any threat to that territory feels like a threat to themselves (Territoriality, 2004). A person feels connected to his or her territory and sees it as a means to satisfying his or her needs within society. Privacy is the selective control of access to oneself and group (Privacy, 2004). A person has the ability to decide who to allow in his or her...
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...Krista Jex PSY/460 01/31/2012 Dr. Thomas Population density has grown throughout the years. The population rate of the world has increased. When we count the amount of people who settle in specific areas, that is how we determine population density. Having minimal privacy is something that people do not like to be a part of. Privacy is important because it allows a person to have their identity without other’s always in their business. Pollution and excess population can cause chaos and problems in the world. Everyone around is affected by their environment and noise can be a dominant factor and problem. In high density areas noise production is another problem. When certain areas grow, the people who live in the overly populated places will start to migrate somewhere else to gain some type of privacy. In my paper I will describe the territoriality, privacy, and personal space, how it becomes denser, the effect of nature has on individual’s living in urban environments, the concept of noise and examining the effect it has on individuals. Finally, I will examine at least two strategies that can be used to reduce noise in the workplace or in the living environment. Privacy is essential because that is the foundation of behavior relations. Privacy is our right and it is essential. There are many reasons as to why privacy...
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...Prepare a 1,400- to 1,650-word paper in which you analyze the effect of population density and noise on individuals. As a part of your analysis be sure to address the following items: Describe the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space. Examine how the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space have become increasingly important as populations become denser. Clarify the effect nature (e.g., zoos, parks, gardens) has on individuals living in urban environments. Describe the concept of noise and examine the effect that it has on individuals. Examine at least two strategies that can be used to reduce noise in the workplace or in the living environment. The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper The first line of strategy is to do what an individual can do to minimize the noise pollution he or she can control in their environment. For instance, if an individual lives next to a noisy freeway or airport, he or she can invest in double panel windows in their home (cite). The double panel windows action server two purposes, one purpose is keep the noise out and the purpose is keep the hot sun and cold winter out (cite). For example in the home individual can control noise pollution by their home by turn off television when not been watched and radio and stereo at low volume. Another strategy to minimize or reduce noise pollution is to try to minimize noises directly from the source. In the workplace...
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...habitat or spatial arrangement. Examples of presence-absence methods include: analyzing tracks or imprints, tracking tubes, anecdotal reports, and consulting historical records or museum samples. Abundance estimates provide researchers with the number of individuals of a species within an area. Techniques to quantify abundance include: cameras, transects, point counts, road-kill surveys, numerous trapping methods, and several tracking devices. Presence-absence data collection tends to be considerably less expensive than abundance data collection; however, abundance data provides more information. Tracks refer to the imprints left behind by an animal after it walks over a substrate. While tracks do not provide a reliable estimate of density, they do, however, indicate that a species is present in a particular area. A drawback of utilizing tracks to determine presence-absence is that they are not preserved for long periods of time. Depending on the environment, tracks can be damaged or destroyed if say a climatic event like a...
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...outstanding of our time. Since its “reform and opening-up policy” in 1978, foreign direct investment (FDI) has contributed a great deal to China’s economic growth by injecting capital into the economy, creating jobs, transferring technology and knowledge, enhancing trade, bringing in competition for local enterprises, improving the quality of local labor and intermediate goods suppliers, and connecting China’s gradually opening economy to the global market (Berthélemy and Démurger, 145). By the opening up of the country to FDI, China’s economic growth has averaged approximately 9% annually over the last 25 years (China Statistical Yearbook). With the introduction of FDI came a wave of corruption and bad governance, which may have hindered FDI’s effect on China’s economic growth. The reform in the market encouraged private institutions to compete for market share and resources. In order to rise to the top, these private intuitions required the help people in power who are not under heavy scrutiny. Local government officials were the perfect targets. With foreign capital in their hands, private intuitions sought out local government officials for help in exchange for bribery. These “favors” included special permits for investment licenses, tax assessments, and police protection. As a result, the bribes became an additional cost of doing business can be expected to decrease the expected profitability of FDI supported projects (Dong and Torgler 72). In relation to corruption is bad governance...
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...Vehicular Pollution and Environment Protection | Environment Law Research Paper | Research Methodology AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This research paper is an attempt to understand the pollution caused by the increasing vehicular traffic in India and its impact on the Environment around us. RESEARCH ISSUES: 1. Meaning and Kindsof Pollution 2. Vehicular Pollution and its effects on health and the environment 3. Technical Measure (like Emission Standards) and Non Technical Measures(like prevention of Fuel Adulteration) 4. Fuel Economy Standards and phasing out old Vehicles. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS: This research paper is limited in the sense that it tries to study the pollution caused to the environment by the vehicular traffic. Pollution is a broad and extensive topic but this topic tries to limit itself to such pollution caused by the environment and not all other kinds of pollution. METHOD OF WRITING: This paper has largely been written in an investigative and an analytical style. SOURCES OF DATA: The researcher has primarily referred to secondary sources such as books and articles while writing this research paper. MODE OF CITATION: A uniform mode of citation has been used throughout this research paper which is based loosely on the style prescribed in The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation(Columbia Law Review Ass’n et al. eds., 17th ed. 2000). Table of Contents Sr No | Topic | Page No | 1 | Introduction | 3,4 | 2 | Pollution | 4 | ...
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...com/locate/resconrec Shipping news: the implications of electronic commerce for logistics and freight transport Markus Hesse * Department of Earth Sciences, Geographic Sciences and Urban Research, Free University of Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany Accepted 24 June 2002 Abstract The paper considers the significance of electronic commerce (e-commerce) for freight transport, logistics and physical distribution, regarding both business to business and business to consumer commerce. The possible implications of e-commerce are analysed in the broader context of structural change, going beyond narrow assessments that overstate the significance of e-commerce and its potential to make freight traffic more efficient. The main argument of the paper is threefold: first, most recent analyses of freight transport and logistics implications of e-commerce are overstating the current relevance of e-commerce applications on the one hand, and neglecting the influence of the underlying structural change in the entire logistics system on the other. Second, conventional analyses of certain efficiency benefits of ecommerce are probably too optimistic, whereas its negative effects are underestimated at the same time. E-commerce is likely to support longer transport distances and often higher delivery frequencies, increasing demand for land, due to the establishment of new transhipment points (distribution centres) and, to a certain extent, a shift towards truck and air freight transport...
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... | | | |Atty. Vicente T. Peña | Environmental pollution is “the contamination of the physical and biological components of the earth/atmosphere system to such an extent that normal environmental processes are adversely affected” Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse change. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution. Although pollution...
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...years. Even a little rain causes a serious problem for certain areas, so that parts of Dhaka are inundated for several days. It makes difficult to move for the passer by. Solution which comes out will help us from this topic. To find out inherent causes of water logging in Dhaka City, a field survey as a questionnaire survey, informal interviews from the people living in different parts of Dhaka City. PRESENT SITUATION The capital city of Bangladesh has become one of the populous Mega City in the world, in recent year’s sewerage and water logging has become as a common problem of the city like water pollution, traffic congestion, air and noise pollution, solid waste disposal, black smoke etc. Unplanned capital development activities and growth of habitation due to rapid population growth are causing encroachment on retention areas and natural drainage paths with little or no care of natural drainage system. Excessive rainfall, inadequate drainage sections, conventional drainage system with low capacity and gravity, natural siltation, absence of inlets and outlets, indefinite drainage outlets, lack of proper maintenance of existing drainage system, and over and above disposal of solid waste into the drains and drainage...
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