...Early Childhood Care Positive Externality of Consumption Early childhood care has been an important issue for New Zealand in recent years, recognised by parents, schools and the Government. Primary teachers have noticed that new students are lacking in general knowledge, awareness, and basic skills such as drawing and attempting to write. For example, just 20% of kids who start at School each year have had early childhood care. There has been a lot of media coverage on this problem society is facing, as the future benefits of Early Childhood Care are not being recognised by parents and therefore many children are not gaining the essential pre-school skills they are expected to have. When parents make the decision on whether or not to send...
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...Desiree Green Laura Sanders Writing 222 12 August 2013 EARLY EDUCATION Abstract Social scientists have posited that education can make a significant and long-lasting difference on the lives of children, especially those who experience poverty (Barnett, 1995; Brooks-Gunn, 2003; Karoly, et al, 1998). In recent years, policymakers and researchers in the United States have re-examined the role that quality early education can play in the lives of young children, primarily those growing up in poverty (Rouse, Brooks-Gunn, & McLanahan, 2005). Specifically, some have argued that high quality education and care programs that begin early in life have the potential to close gaps in school achievement that often exist between poor and minority children and their middle-class, mostly White, counterparts (Magnuson & Waldfogel, 2005).Based on these conclusions, U.S. policymakers and practitioners interested in improving the lives of poor children have considered the possibility that early education programs may contribute to solving the myriad of problems that growing up in poverty poses. This paper will examine the benefits of early education and the arguments against early education and references or in text citation with bibliography. Introduction During early years, children go through critical stages of development, and consistent, high-quality early education can have long-lasting, beneficial effects on the overall development of children. Choosing a preschool in which...
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...Infancy and Early Childhood Development Terrence O. Roberts PSY/375 March 30, 2015 11:59 pm Linda O'Connor Infancy and Early Childhood Development One’s early childhood and infancy are some of the most advanced periods of their lives. This development is beneficial to the child’s productive abilities in life. These developmental stages form a foundation for the child’s future learning and well-being. Elements that effect a child during their infancy and early childhood can hinder a child’s development. Particular elements such as one’s family as well as their parenting styles. Some parent’s style of raising children are more effective than other parents’ methods. There are also certain programs that have been developed to influence cognitive development. Family’s effect on Development One’s family and their influences affect them during infancy and early childhood more than any other period in their lives. If a child’s family is attentive, sensitive and responsive the child tends to develop better. Family’s show this during the child’s infancy and early childhood in manners such as a gentle reassuring touch, overheard conversation, and facial expressions which improves the speech of young children (Berger, 2011). Families are the first teachers for infants and young children. It’s this relationship between young children and their families that determine how they development. “Early relationships help infants developing...
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...Infancy and Early Childhood Development Paper By: Pamela Smith March 8, 2014 PSY 375 Life Span Human Development Introduction While researching this topic I found it to be interesting that there is a controversy about this topic. When Judith Rich Harris published her book in 1998 "The Nurture Assumption" which in the book Harris revels that parents have little to no influence over the long-term development of their child's development. Therefore, developmental psychologist have found themselves on the defense about this topic. Harris believed that the child developed more by the people around them and the surrounding around them outside the home. Her ideas went widespread and gained media attention and therefore the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation sponsored a conference on parentingr." The fruit of this conference is a book, "Parenting and the Child's World: Influences on Academic, Intellectual and Socio emotional Development," to be published next year by Erlbaum. Chapters by Harris and behavioral geneticist David Rowe, PhD, present data to support Harris's view, while a cadre of developmental psychologists detail decades of research that they feel demonstrates the role parents play in influencing children's development" (Azar, pg. 62). Parents do matter, from the way they parent, to the foods they let the children eat, academics, socially, and personality development in a child. ...
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...Early Childhood Education Jenelle Johnson PSYC2700 - Child Development U03a1 Early Childhood Education Capella University December, 2014 Early Childhood Education Early childhood education is education that is geared for children three to eight years old, however, early childhood education can start as early as infants at birth through the age of eight years old. Early childhood programs were developed for all children who could not otherwise afford quality preschool or daycare programs. It is the belief that all children benefit from education at an early age. Early education is important to the development of these young children. These programs offer assistance, resources, and education to both the children and parents. Programs all over the world have been implemented to help young impoverished children have an early start to education. This paper will discuss the policy of the Head Start Act, the benefits of receiving early childhood education, and characteristics of a good high quality early childhood program. Early childhood is an important time for children as they grow and learn so much. So many important factors such as health and nutrition, economic status, education and daycare programs, and positive effective parenting are all huge factors that can have an effect of the development process of the young child. Because of the importance of all these variables, programs have been developed and policies have been made to assure that all children have...
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...of Family Involvement in the Early Years Sharonda Gray Grand Canyon University: ECH 520 February 7, 2015 As an early childhood educator, I found that in order for a young child to be successful in their learning experiences, parents and caregivers would have to be actively involved in their education. I have seen, over the years, many parents/caregivers who didn’t understand the importance of being involved during the early years. Family involvement during the preschool years, ages 3 to 5, has proven to be just as important as their involvement, during the primary and elementary years. I have worked hard in trying to get the message across to the parents, in which I serve, that their involvement, during the early years, has a major impact on how well their children do throughout their learning experiences. Research has shown that families, who are involved in their child’s life, will have a positive effect on their social and cognitive development, especially in the early childhood settings. It has also shown, the stronger the family involvement, the more positive the results in their early years and school readiness. Educating parents, in the early childhood setting, about what family involvement is like can be somewhat challenging. Since now, we have to take into consideration values, attitudes and practices of their views on raising young children. For many years, there has been a major disconnect in the responsibility of the parent, when it comes to their child’s...
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...health, varying from, social, environmental, cultural, stigma and poverty effects. Mental health can described as state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use his or her cognitive and emotional capabilities, function in society and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life. Research outlines that, a child mental well being is thought to depend a combination of factors such healthy and balanced nutrition, socialization, and nurturing, provided by primary caregivers, extended family, and the community of residence, a potential impact to which, the child development process can proceeds along a healthy, or potentially traumatic trajectory (Gardner, & Gunn, 2012). From a social and nurturing perspective, the attachment theory supports the above notion, by stating that the quality of mother-child (or primary caregiver) attachment, is regarded as a pervasive factor in the development of an individual’s relational psychology throughout the entire lifespan (Bowlby, 1982; Freud, 1932). Attachment theory evolves from a basic premise that attachment behaviours are part of a drive behavioural system, organised around specific attachment figures (Bowlby, 1969). The theory further explains that the Infants attempt to establish a secure base with a primary care giver, usually the mother, from later, develop appropriate explanatory behaviours (Bowlby, 1969). This parent-infant interaction is referred to as exploration from a secure base. (Ainsworth...
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...Early Child Development Infancy and Early Childhood Development The brain of infants and early childhood development is empty and absorbable like a sponge throughout adulthood. At infancy stage, the brain develops according to exposure to verbal expression exposure and visual physical observation exposure. The human being brain will utilize the exposures throughout the developing stages in life (Feldman, 2010). Parenting interaction with an infant and environmental condition affects the way infants develop. Hence, it is fundamental to set positive structure from the beginning because the exposure cannot be undone when raising a child. It is significantly important to provide a nurturing environment. The Affect Families Have On Infants and Childhood Development From infancy, the brain instantaneously goes through developmental change. The progress is an effect of genes and the environment the infant is exposing to and as an outcome of experiences. Early childhood experiences have two categories; experience-dependent and experience-expectant. Experience-expectant refers to the development of the nervous system and it is predictable to develop in a certain way. Standard cognitive growth is reliant of the positive type of environmental exposure. With the exception of any type of fetal damage to the brain, in order for the experience-expectant to be within usual range of development; when an infant is exposed to a loving gesture (as an example), it should respond...
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...Betrand J. (2008) Chapter 1: The Purpose of Early Childhood Programs. Understanding, Managing and Leading: Early Childhood Programs in Canada. Neslson, A Division of Thomson Canada Limited. The author concludes that children, who have parents that were involved in the child’s learning, tend to develop better social & academic skills and the amount of time also makes a difference, and working parents are less involved due to job responsibilities. The author argues that if families are involved in their child’s early development this will allow any child to benefit in areas such as; values, language, literacy, and social-emotional domains. This chapter was useful since it provides a clear understanding to the benefits of family involvement in the early childhood settings/ environments, since it provides how educators or parents support learning outcomes and effects on future learning outcomes....
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...Acknowledgements This report would not have been possible without the support of two research assistants, Caroline Scott and Karin Barty. We thank them for their enthusiasm for the project and the many hours they spent searching the literature. The Early Childhood Education Research Team would also like to acknowledge the parents, primary school teachers, school principals, early childhood professionals and other support staff who were willing to provide their views on what they considered to be a successful transition to school. A very special thank you to the kindergarten teachers who, at the time, were very busy writing Transition Learning and Development Statements yet somehow put time aside to answer our questions. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the support and colleagueship provided by the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development, especially Pippa Procter, Gina Suntesic and Karen Weston. This has been an interesting and stimulating project for us all. The Early Childhood Education Research Team Victoria University December, 2009 Table of Contents Acknowledgements Introduction • Background • Purpose Methodology • Literature Review • Participants • Data Collection • Victorian Early Years Learning & Development Framework (Victorian Framework) • Outcomes • Indicators • Measures • Tables Outcomes & Indicators of a Positive Start to School • For Children • For Families • For Educators • Table 1: Outcomes & indicators of a positive start to school...
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...Infancy and Early Childhood Development The brain of infants and early childhood development is empty and absorbable like a sponge throughout adulthood. At infancy stage, the brain develops according to exposure to verbal expression exposure and visual physical observation exposure. The human being brain will utilize the exposures throughout the developing stages in life (Feldman, 2010). Parenting interaction with an infant and environmental condition affects the way infants develop. Hence, it is fundamental to set positive structure from the beginning because the exposure cannot be undone when raising a child. It is significantly important to provide a nurturing environment. The Affect Families Have On Infants and Childhood Development From infancy, the brain instantaneously goes through developmental change. The progress is an effect of genes and the environment the infant is exposing to and as an outcome of experiences (Feldman, 2010). Early childhood experiences have two categories; experience-dependent and experience-expectant. Experience-expectant refers to the development of the nervous system and it is predictable to develop in a certain way. Standard cognitive growth is reliant of the positive type of environmental exposure. With the exception of any type of fetal damage to the brain, in order for the experience-expectant to be within usual range of development; when an infant is exposed to a loving gesture (as an example), it should respond cognitively. Experience-dependent...
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...Role of Parents and Parenting ------------------------------------------------- Childhood to Adulthood [Author Name] Table of Contents Introduction 3 Literature Review 4 Complex Relationship 4 Role of other external agents 5 Division of role between parents (Mother and Father) 5 Major problems 6 Social Interaction 7 Difference in child personality 7 Discussion and Conclusion 8 References: 11 Introduction We are born as child and then gradually transformed to adults. This transformation, from Childhood to Adulthood is often dependent upon lot of factors, both internal and external. This transformation depends a lot upon the inputs given by parents and family members. Through out the research we have tried to figure out the role played by parents and parenting in this transformation. The purpose of the project is to figure out that what are the behavioral aspects of parents that have an impact on the upbringing of child and how parents can effect the transformation of children from childhood to adulthood. The literature tells us that parents who understand their children and who has got control over children tend to shape the future of their kids in a positive way, whereas parents who treat their children as liability and are engage in scolding them losses control over their children. Some of the things worth mentioning for research are: - * There are several factors that parents should consider about the upbringings of their children. ...
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...and why writing about this topic will be beneficial to me: My major is Early Childhood Education. After I graduate I want to eventually open my own daycare center but before that I will probably get some teaching done first. Researching about the most effective teaching methods will help me run a more beneficial daycare center in the future. My purpose: The purpose of my final research paper is to educate my audience of what the most effective teaching method(s) are. I want my reader to know what the benefits are for children whose daycare teachers use the Montessori teaching method. I will prove to them that the Montessori teaching methods are very beneficial to infant-toddler and primary students and that it should be one of the leading methods used. My working thesis and any assumptions: Childcare providers for children ages 0-4 should follow the Montessori teaching method because teaching methods used in children’s early ages has a long term impact on them. My approach to the subject of my paper: In the structure of my paper I will first define what a childcare/daycare is, what is actually considered to be a daycare. After I will tell about different types of teaching methods used and what some outcomes from previous studies have shown about different ones. I will then prove why the Montessori teaching method is the best one to use for children ages 0-4 and show the benefits that children will have from using this method in the long run. Finally, I will give examples of...
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...The impact of early education as a strategy in countering socio-economic disadvantage Research paper for Ofsted’s ‘Access and achievement in education 2013 review’ Professor Chris Pascal and Professor Tony Bertram UK Research Team: Sean Delaney, Selma Manjee, Marjory Perkins and Manja Plehn International Research Team: Alice Bennett, Carol Nelson, Sarina Razzak and Maureen Saunders Centre for Research in Early Childhood (CREC) © Centre for Research in Early Childhood (CREC) 2013 The views expressed in this report are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect those of Ofsted. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to Elizabeth Boulton at publishing@ofsted.gov.uk or Aviation House, 125 Kingsway, London WC2 6SE This publication is available at www.ofsted.gov.uk/accessandachievement. No. 130155-RR-005 In June 2012, Sir Michael Wilshaw, HMCI, stated his determination to address the issue of narrowing the gap of educational achievement between disadvantaged pupils and others. To support this intention, The Centre for Research in Early Childhood has been commissioned by OfSTED to conduct a review looking at the impact of Early Childhood Education (ECE) initiatives to combat social and economic disadvantage, both in the UK and internationally. This paper: Examines the impact of nati...
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...How has the concept of childhood changed though history? Children have been apart of history as long as human beings have existed, however Prior to modern day notion of childhood, Children and childhood appears to be something that traditional historians have never considered, one of the many reasons that became of interest was due to the idea that childhood was a social construction. However the traditional view for a long time is that children were essentially little adults and the most famous proponent of this theory was a French historian named Philippe Aries he wrote a controversial book called the centuries of childhood. His view was that the crucial point in the construction or invention of childhood is something that happened, especially in the 18th and the early nineteenth century, however since 1985 and 1990 there have been a vast amount of theories which have criticised Aries concepts on childhood. Aries tapped into a common belief about the middle ages, which is if the Middle Ages generally was different than it must have been different in terms of children too, so they must not have loved their children and they must not have taken good care of them. Thus taking us to the centre of the argument, being that people in the middle ages and early modern Europe had a lot of children as a sort of self defence mechanism to not invest as much in their children because they knew that half of their children would die before they reached adolescents or adulthood . For...
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