...The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid SOC 300 Submitted to: Prof. Bernard Curry Feb. 11, 2014 Submitted by: Roberto Tan III SU200096169 There so much said and written about foreign aid that it has become difficult to justify its effectiveness. But if we look at the overall picture in the eye of citizens of a developing country, an honest assessment might conclude that progress has been made. Though, profound social disparities and extreme poverty are still lurking in some parts of this fragile planet. Foreign aid is the transfer of capital, goods, or services from one country to another. And aid can be given in numerous forms - from humanitarian emergency assistance, to food aid, military assistance, and so on. If we are to argue the effectiveness of these programs, may be that will depend on how the differing forms of aid is being administered to its recipients and considering its economic, social, and political environment. And these activities will have an impact on a particular set of relations – in this case, peace and war dynamics. In this paper, I would like to talk about the case of Afghanistan. The Afghan crisis has gone through numbers of transformative phases over periods of time. The conflict did not start in 1979 with the Soviet invasion, but is rooted in historical processes of state formation and ultimately a crisis in the identity formation and failure of governance of the state. Foreign aid and reconstruction must be based on both...
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...The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid Rebecca Harris Professor Jimmie Cathey Sociology of Develop Countries February 4, 2016 Abstract War refers to an event that is characterized by the presence of vicious conflict, including excessive aggression, societal disorder and high mortality. In most cases, war is a pre-planned activity that is offset by the haggles between different groups or factions with the intention of altering either the psychological hierarchy or the material hierarchy of domination or equality of two or more groups. On the other hand, peace refers to a situation of concord, which is distinguishable by the absence of violence, hostility, retribution and the freedom from the fear of conflict. The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid Both the aspects of war and peace have heavily influenced the attraction and distribution of foreign aid among the sub-Saharan developing countries (Anderson, 1999). This paper seeks to evaluate the positive and negative effects of the two aspects on foreign aid on a specific sub-Saharan country, Rwanda. It also intends to assess the actions that the leadership of Rwanda have undertaken in terms of using foreign aid to relieve severe problems that were caused by warfare in the country. I will further discuss the effectiveness of extension on foreign aid as a means of reducing poverty and incidence of warfare in Rwanda (Ansoms, 2008). The Positive and Negative Effects of Peace and War on Foreign Aid All authoritarian regimes...
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...The Effect of War and Peace on Foreign Aid Richard L Jones SOC 300 Professor Merlini 22 January 2015 War and Peace, these two words should never be used in the same sentence, just like saying Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, neither should the country of Qatar and the Republic of Congo, (DRC) where the average income in Qatar is over one hundred thousand dollars, while in the Democratic Republic of Congo, (DRC) it’s just under four hundred dollars which is a lot in a poor country. Positive vs. Negative One of the negative sides to receiving foreign aid in a developing countries such as Congo which received nearly $500 million in 2012, and $736 million dollars in 2013. The chances that countries will repay those loans is nearly nonexistent, there having poor countries rely on more loans from the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). With 80 million hectares of arable land and over 1,100 minerals and precious metals, the DRC has the potential to be one of the richest countries on the African continent and a driver for African growth, but foreign aid lock down this country with agreements that the IMF and the World Bank knows DRC cannot repay and force them to stipulation such as reducing trading, cut their budgets, reduces their currency value, which hurts the country economy, inflation set in, and goods and services are unaffordable, therefore hurting the poorest of the poor. As Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni said to George W. Bush in 2003, “I don’t want...
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...Khoa Hong Luong 02/15/2015 Assignment 1: The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid SOC 300 Professor Sunmolu (Jimi) Peters Strayer University Currently, Vietnam is one of the developing countries in the world that needs helps from developed countries like the United States. Vietnam has just stepped out of its civil war for 40 years and Vietnamese people are still suffering from the damage of the war. Even though Vietnamese people are on their way building the nation up, there are still a lot of obstacles like severe disasters and economic impact preventing them from building the country. Therefore, foreign aids are necessary for Vietnam to overcome these difficulties. During 1945 and 1975, Vietnam was divided into two regions which are the Southern Vietnam and the Northern Vietnam. The Northern Vietnam was aided by Russia and China while the Southern Vietnam was aided by the United States. Both regions of Vietnam received foods, weapons and money from the three big nations in exchange for many advantage conditions for them after the war ended. The Northern Vietnam won the war so China and Russia become the biggest alliances of Vietnam, and get many benefits when they invest in Vietnam. The Southern Vietnam still receive foreign aids from Russia and China while the United States has cut the relationship and close the aid program with the Vietnamese. Furthermore, from 1993 to 2004, Vietnamese government received pledges of the US$29 billion of Official Development...
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...The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid Louis Kerry Holmes Jr. Strayer University SOC 300 Professor Terry C. October 31, 2014 The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid War comes with many costs, and Foreign Aid is one among the many. In fact, there has been many cases the biggest that a nation had to pay. In International relations, overseas aid or foreign aid being used in the form of a voluntary transfer of resources from a developed country, such as the United States of America to developing nation like Bangladesh or India. A part of the objective behind this act of giving is often Humanitarianism and altruism. Humanitarianism meaning the ethic of kindness, Benevolence and sympathy extended universally and impartially to all human being for welfare of humanity. Similarly altruism stands for selflessness, a concern for the welfare of others: These aids have other functions too. It may be given as a signal of diplomatic approval, or to strengthen a military ally, to reward a government for behavior desired by the donor, to extend the donor's cultural influence, to provide infrastructure needed by the donor for resource extraction from the recipient country, or to gain other kinds of commercial access. There are all kinds of aid: Emergency aid, development aid, official development Assistance or ODA, private giving, cash aid, in-kind aid, air priorities, logistics, etc. In developing countries like India and Bangladesh, foreign aid has played...
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...Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid Glenda K. Walker Strayer University SOC 300- Sociology of Developing Countries May 4, 2014 Mr. J. Cathey The proliferation of crises around the world has led to a sharp increase in the scale of humanitarian aid required to meet the vital needs of the people affected by them for food, water, medical care and shelter. Humanitarian organizations can either meet those needs directly or support local services engaged in the same work. In most cases, both approaches are used. Malnutrition, illness, wounds, torture, harassment of specific groups within the population, disappearances, extra-judicial executions and the forcible displacement of people are all found in many armed conflicts. Aside from their direct effects on the individuals concerned, the consequences of these tragedies for local systems must also be considered: the destruction of crops and places of cultural importance, the breakdown of economic infrastructure and of health-care facilities such as hospitals, etc. The impact of armed conflict on people and systems vital to their survival can take different forms, as the following examples illustrate: when Rwandan refugees fled into former Zaire, the mortality rate rose sharply, to as much as 10 times what is regarded as the threshold of extreme emergency, and large scale displacement invariably causes a dramatic increase in malnutrition rates. In children under the age of five, this can reach 20% (Rwandan refugees in Zaire...
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...The Effect of War and Peace on Foreign Aid Dr. Toi Dennis Elaine Stewart SOC 300: Sociology of Developing Countries May 4, 2014 Introduction Afghanistan is a developing country; the country faced many difficulties soon after its independence. They faced difficulties in the development of their constitution and regulations. The selection of a leader was an issue and the first major task was to prepare a military for the defence and protection of the state. In order to resolve all these issues, finances became a priority. Despite having several problems, the country is gradually upgrading. Numerous countries supported Afghanistan in terms of finance, but the support provided by International Monetary Fund is significant. International Monetary Fund along with The World Bank has been serving Afghanistan since its partition. They have lent huge sums of money to the government so that they can continue with the progress of the state. According to the figures taken out by the Development Assistance Committee of OECD, an approximately twenty-billion dollars was been endowed to the state between 1960 through 2002. This huge amount assisted Afghanistan to rehabilitate its industries, factories and businesses. The twenty-billion dollars was derived from the three major international financial companies. They are The International Monetary Funds, Asian Development Banks and The World Bank. ...
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...Foreign aid encompasses technical, military, humanitarian and financial assistance provided by developed countries to help foster economic, political and social progression in developing countries. Foreign aid results in positive and negative consequences for developing countries and is subject to decisions made by government officials with regard to its distribution (Leonard, 2006). Examined in this paper is the impact of peace and war on foreign aid distribution, specific actions undertaken by government officials to relieve problems resulting from warfare and the role of foreign aid in poverty and warfare reduction in India. India is not immune to intrastate and interstate warfare. The relationship between India and Pakistan has always been rocky characterized by multiple outbreaks of warfare. However, it was not until the second interstate war of 1965 that international states intervened to offer foreign aid to advance their own selfish agendas. The United States failed to offer any foreign aid to India, as it was not in its best interest (Hagerty, 2005). At the time, Nehru, a strong proponent for socialism led the Indian government. He advocated for the nationalization of infrastructure and business, which undermined privatization. As a result, the Soviet Union was inclined to offer its support, as India served to undermine capitalism (an ideology propagated by the US during the Cold War) (Leonard, 2006). Post-Cold War India is predominantly a peaceful state with minimal...
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...Assignment 1: The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid Dorothy Bradley-Shelton Professor John R. Cronin SOC 300 - Sociology of Developing Countries February 1, 2015 In September 1996, a cultural revolution against human rights atrocities exploded in eastern Zaire. This rapidly developed into a nationwide rebellion against Zairean President Mobutu Sese Seko’s 32-year dictatorship. On May 17, 1997, a rebel alliance supported by Rwanda, Uganda, and Angola seized Kinshasa, the capital city, barely a day after Mobutu fled. It quickly reinstated the country’s pre-1971 name, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and appointed a new government. Mobutu’s departure closed the chapter on Washington’s last remaining cold war client in Africa. (“Zaire/Democratic Republic of the Congo,” 2013). Mobutu was enlisted by the U.S government and the CIA in the late 1950s when Zaire was still a Belgian colony. Mobutu was recruited to overthrow then leader, Patrice Lumumba, the Congo’s first and only democratically elected prime minister. The United States was angry with Lumumba because he was friendly with Russia and had accepted aid from the Soviets. The U.S. and other Western powers encouraged Mobutu and others to arrange Lumumba’s death. Although the U.S. has denied that it played any role in Lumumba’s death, the death of Lumumba lead to a war that lasted five years and thousands of Congolese lost their lives. At the end of the war Mobutu gained power of the DRC (Democratic Republic...
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...The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid in Somalia Rachel Gardner Professor Marco Mena Sociology of Developing Countries Strayer University 5/4/2014 The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid Foreign aid plays a major role in the sustainability of economic and social activities of developing nations. Whether in the form of development or humanitarian aid, the foreign aid is key to ensuring better living conditions and economic development for these states. These forms of aid are influential in pushing for progress in among the developing nations, but the presence of war greatly affects progress. War has a bearing impact on the distribution of foreign aid in the developing nations due to the resulting impediments that hinder effective movements of the aid to the intended population. One such country is Somalia that has for decades faced civil war due to the lack of a stable government. The effect of the war is eminent; starving population, poor infrastructure, disease outbreaks and mass displacements of the country’s citizens into refugee camps. However, the country has also received large amounts of foreign aid to assist it in addressing its current troubles, but due the continued prevalence of war in the country no substantial gain has been witnessed. Judging from countries facing similar conditions, it becomes apparent that key is vital for the effectiveness of foreign aid failure to which no significant development can occur. Peace is a key factor in effective...
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...The usefulness of foreign aid is often measured in terms of its capability to motivate economic growth, but it has turn out to be more and more clear that economic growth is largely unaffected by foreign aid investments in developing countries due to mismanagement and corruption. This claim is supported by the uncountable observed studies that have influence failures of foreign aid support to developing countries. Money from rich countries has trapped many developing nations in a cycle of corruption, slower economic growth and poverty. Nima, is one of the largest slums in Africa. This suburb of Accra, the capital of Ghana, is home to more than one million people, who make a living in an area of about one square mile. By my estimate, the place is roughly 70% the size of Washington DC South East area. The place is a sea of aluminum, stagnant water breeding mosquitos, and cardboard shacks that forgotten families call home. The idea of a slum raises an image of children playing amidst piles of garbage, with no running water and the rank, and common disgusting odor of sewage. Do developing countries really need foreign aid? What is incredibly disappointing is the fact that just a few yards from Nima stands the Presidential Castle, the Osu Castle, which points out that leaders of the country are aware of the ongoing situation but have not done much to help. Nima embitters in Ghana, a country that has one of the highest ratios of development workers per capita in Africa should...
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...Assignment 1: The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid SOC300 – Sociology of Developing Countries Stacy Moon Dr. Roderick Linzie Bus 375 May 12, 2015 The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid Malawi has made great strides sociologically through financial aid from external countries, conditionality, and democratization. Financial aid has both positive and negative effects. It can help a country get back on their feet and help them thrive, or it could help them just barely get by, creating aid dependency. N.G. Emmanuel defines aid dependency, as a country that cannot perform many of the core functions of government or delivery of basic public services without foreign aid funding and expertise. Aid dependent countries, generally, are not at fault for this dependency because they are not able to stabilize their economy because of factors like a lack of resources, location, climate, or other factors they're unable to control. 90 percent of Malawians live off of an average of $2 a day. Financial aid is aimed to improve government, food and food security, healthcare, education, and peace keeping. In order to improve food security, the World Bank donated $3.3 million in agriculture loans to grow crops and The International Monetary Fund trained 187,000 farmers to grow these crops. To aid education reforms, the U.S. invested $100,000,000. In order to keep the peace, 2000 men were trained in order to form a militia. To aid healthcare reforms, 436 doctors, nurses...
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...Different kinds of computer Technology within law enforcement and courts Cover page Abstract Law enforcement units and courts have made advanced technologies in crime detection and prevention. The past technologies mainly used were mainly aviation technology such as use of planes and helicopters and biometrics. The new computer technologies involve use of crime lights, in-car camera systems, graffiti cameras, thermal imaging, lasers, language translators, less-lethal technologies diagramming systems and global positioning system. It enables the responding of a crime activity in a very short time possible and transfer of information efficiently over a longer distance. This paper involves the research on both past and present technology. Past technology Aviation Technology In the past, technology used in law enforcements or police departments included planes and helicopters which acted to save resources and time. It was used in searching for a missing person and doing a survey of a scene. Biometrics technologies This is the technology which used the physical features or behavior of a person to identify it. The methods used included identification of fingerprints, face, voice, iris, signature and handwritings to detect the criminals. Body Armor This was used to protect a criminal investigation officer or police from injury or death through protection from gun and rifle ammunitions, knife stabs and other sharp weapons .The protective vests was mainly used and was composed...
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...Michael Smith Assignment 1: The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid SOC 300 Professor Frederick October 11, 2015 Assess the positive and negative effects that peace and war, respectively, have on the distribution of foreign aid in the developing country that you have selected. Support your response with concrete examples of each of the results that you have cited. The country that I selected is Ukraine. It seems that within this country, peace and war live side by side. This coexistence of peace and war inside Ukraine, coupled with the untreated psychological trauma many soldiers suffer in combat, leaves many veterans and returning troops feeling out of place and unable to reintegrate into the lives they left behind (Peterson, 2015). The negative effects of peace and war going side by side is how the situation affects all those in the area. Being in a situation like this isn’t good for all those in Ukraine. Being in a situation like this can cause trauma for years to come and could possibly start a trickle-down effect for other generations. Ukraine is currently going through a struggle and it seems that the people of lower standards are taking advantage of it. From what I read, it seems that this country has been through a lot of tough times and it doesn’t seem to be getting any easier. Jeltoe, a village with a few dozen homes, has been split in two by the conflict in east Ukraine, which has raged for a year and cost more than 8,000 lives (Vitkine, 2015). The northern...
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...Sociology of Develop Countries 3 February 2014 The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid The country that I believe has been affected mostly by both peace and war is Africa. The foreign aid that have been received includes relief operations, medicine, and reconstruction in assisting the various programs in this country. The advocates wanting to get aid to Africa are lifting their voices to the U.S. government to push the international assistance for roughly $ 50 billion each year. The evidence that demonstrates that this aid is being used to help the poor seem limited compared to the funding other countries such as the U.S and China has provided. The aid that is going to Africa has made more debt, more inflation and even more vulnerable to the currency markets and more unattractive to higher quality investment. It's increased the risk of civil conflict and unrest that caused an unmitigated political, economic and humanitarian disaster. The examples of some positive effects are the relief programs that continue to support the development and reconstructing of poverty stricten areas in Africa. Another look at the the development is recovering from war to addressing the causes of inequalities, discrimination, and structural insecurity which would reduce terriorists. There are few people that will deny that fact of a clear moral imperative for humanitarian and charity-based aid to step in when necessary, such as the storm of 2004 tsunami in Asia. Nevertheless...
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