...The financial structures of health care entities non-profit, for-profit and government are different with funding, ownership, and type of services rendered. Financial managers, financial markets, and investors are the essential components that make up the financial world within a healthcare organization. Financial managers basically rely on investors to supply money through the financial markets when determining whether to use debt or use equity financing. To understand the full benefit of the financial resources, it is important to understand the overall financial structure. In other words how it is set up. In this paper, I will try to compare the financial environment of for-profit Pruitt Health Clinic, not-for-profit Phoebe Memorial Hospital, and VA Clinics. (to the best of my ability) In the health care sector entities regardless of their status (for-profit, not-for-profit, or government owned) should have the same common goal of providing quality healthcare to the residents of its community. Health care organizations are very different compared to other business when it comes to finances. The financial structure is described as the way funds are financed and the balance sheet shows what the organization looks like at a particular point in time. For example Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital will compare fiscal year to another fiscal year to decide what needs to stay, go or be “tweaked”. Some organizations have a method to reading the spread sheet as well. PPMH for...
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...towns, and public schools that receive tax revenue to finance the services they provide. True False 3. The Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) is the body authorized to establish accounting principles for all state and local governments, both general purpose and special purpose. True False 4. The Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) is the body authorized to establish accounting principles for all government entities. True False 5. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is the body authorized to establish accounting principles for all colleges and universities and health care entities. True False 6. Neither governmental nor not-for-profit entities have residual equity that can be distributed to owners. True False 7. A characteristic common to governmental and not-for-profit organizations is that they do not exist to provide goods or services at a profit or profit equivalent. True False 8. The needs of users of government financial reports are the same as those of users of business entity financial reports. True False 9. The Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB) recommends accounting principles and standards for the federal government and its agencies and departments. True False 10. The FASB, GASB, and FASAB identify primarily external users as the focus of their financial reports. True False 11. Interperiod equity refers to the concept that...
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...budget comparisons, are not as essential for capital projects and debt service funds because they are often on a project, rather than an annual, basis and spending is typically authorized on that basis. 2. When bonds are issued for more than their par value, the premium can be interpreted as an adjustment of the interest rate and transferred to the debt service fund — the fund in which resources for the payment of debt will be accumulated. Although the same interpretation can be placed upon bond discounts, there may be no funds available in the debt service fund (or any other fund) for transfer to the capital projects fund. Therefore, the project must be scaled back or additional means of financing secured. 3. Interest (on investments) is generally recognized as revenue is earned, i.e., on a full accrual basis. Interest expenditure, by contrast, should not be accrued; it should be reported as an expenditure only as due. The rationale for recognizing the expenditure only as the interest is due is that most jurisdictions will not appropriate the resources to pay the interest, or transfer them to the debt service fund, until then. “To accrue the debt service fund expenditure and liability in one period but record the transfer of financial resources for debt service purposes in a later period would be confusing and would result in overstatement of debt service fund expenditures and liabilities and understatement of the fund balance,” according to GASB standards. However, if the resources...
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...Introduction The globalization of the world economy led to the escalation of cross border investment opportunities. This, in turn, made the need of financial information essential in international capital market. Relevant and reliable financial information aids in making economic decisions relating to the reporting entity. Also enables its users to measure and quantify the economic and financial aspects of an enterprise. Kothari and Barone (2006:23) believe that 'accounting is becoming increasingly globalized'. However, ‘current accounting practice does not meet the information needs of capital market in the 21st century ’(View Point, 2007:1). To meet the diversified needs and expectations of the users a single framework of financial reporting is essential. Payne and Raagan (2008:15) also consider that 'A universal financial reporting standard would help participants in the world's capital markets and other users make economic decisions'. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND ACCOUNTING STANDARDS Barth (2006) explains that the definitions of financial statement elements along with the objective and the qualitative characteristics of financial reporting are set by the conceptual framework. It is aimed at the current and prospective equity and debt capital providers to help them in their capital allocation decision. Consequently, the conceptual framework ensures relevant and reliable financial reporting and thus meets the need of shareholders and other users. It is an important...
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..._______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Report Information from ProQuest 16 September 2014 22:51 _______________________________________________________________ 16 September 2014 ProQuest 目录 1. Elements of a Theoretical Framework for Public Sector Accounting............................................................ 1 16 September 2014 ii ProQuest 第 1 个文档，共 1 个 Elements of a Theoretical Framework for Public Sector Accounting ProQuest 文档链接 摘要: The development of a concept of community assets (used to describe government-managed assets of an infrastructural, cultural, or environmental nature) can contribute to the development of a new theoretical framework for public sector accounting and potentially for private sector accounting as well. An important feature of this framework is that recognition of assets based on common property alongside private property lends greater visibility to the communitarian perspective, with its emphasis on shared values and common life, and to social as well as technical concerns. In addition, by distinguishing what management can control from what they cannot control, a concept of community assets as distinct from ordinary fixed assets could permit a fairer system of accountability and clarify the controversial issues of depreciation in the public sector. 链接: Check local library holdings 全文文献: Despite the ancient origins of governmental...
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...Accounting Standards Building international opportunities for Australian business Corporate Law Economic Reform Program Proposals for Reform: Paper No. 1 © Commonwealth of Australia 1997 ISBN 0 642 26110 5 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Australian Government Publishing Service. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction rights should be directed to the Manager, Commonwealth Information Services, Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601. The Government is seeking comments from interested parties on the detail of the proposals in this paper which should be forwarded to the following address: First Assistant Secretary Business Law Division The Treasury Parkes Place PARKES ACT 2600 Telephone: 02 6263 3960 Fax: 02 6263 2882 Email: clerp@treasury.gov.au Copies of this paper are available from the Australian Government Publishing Service and on the Treasury web site (http://www.treasury.gov.au). Enquiries concerning the paper can be made to: Ms Veronique Ingram Assistant Secretary The Treasury Telephone: 02 6263 3970 Printed by the Australian Government Publishing Service TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abbreviations PART 1: PART 2: Reform Proposals Introduction 2.1 2.2 PART 3: Background Key economic principles v 1 9 9 10 11 11 12 13 13 14 16 17 19 19 19 20 22 23 The Case for Reform 3.1 3.2 Impetus...
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...value by using the product * Value in exchange- derive value from the exchange of that product for another good or service. Generic Value Chain Model: 1. 2. 3. 4. *Customer need identitified* 5. Identify the market and create the product/ service ( innovation cycle) 6. Build the product or service and deliver the product or service ( operations cycle) 7. Service the customer ( post sales service cycle) 8. * Customer need satisfied* Value Chain: 1. 2. 3. 4. Research and development 5. Design of product or service 6. Production 7. Marketinh 8. Distribution 9. Customer service Criticial success factors (CSF) Measures of those aspects of the firms performance essential to competitive advantage and succss Financial and no financial Depend on the...
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...About CGG The Centre for Good Governance (CGG) was established by the Government of Andhra Pradesh (GOAP) in October 2001 to help it achieve the goal of ‘Transforming Governance’. Besides supporting the design and implementation of GOAP’s Governance Reform Programme, CGG undertakes action research, renders professional advice, and conducts Change Management and Management Development Programmes for Government departments and public agencies to help them implement their reform agenda. The Finance Department, GOAP entrusted the project ‘Framework for Preparation of Asset Register’ to CGG under IDF grant for strengthening public financial management. The Team This Report on ʹAsset Register Framework for Government of Andhra Pradeshʹ has been prepared by Mr. A. Srinivas Kumar IA&AS., Deputy Executive Director, CGG with assistance from Mr A P H D Varma, ACA, Consultant and Ms. Vasantha Pratha, Knowledge Manager (PFM) CGG under the overall guidance of Dr. Rajiv Sharma, IAS, Director General & Executive Director, CGG. Acknowledgements The study team would like express its sincere gratitude to Mr C R Kamalanathan, IAS (Retd.), Consultant, CGG for his valuable guidance and support. We are also grateful to Ms Vasudha Mishra, IAS, Secretary (IF), Finance Department, GoAP for her involvement and active participation in the deliberations of the workshop, which helped clarify many points...
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...The City of Seattle, Washington Comprehensive Annual Financial Report For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2013 Co ompre ehens sive Annual l Finan ncial R Repor rt For the F iscal Yea F ar Ended Decem mber 31, 2013 The City Seatt y of S tle De epartment t of Financ ce and Adm ministrativ ve Services s Introduction Table of Contents Comprehensive Annual Financial Report For the Year Ended December 31, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................................................... V Organizational Chart – City ..................................................................................................................................... XI Elected Officials ...................................................................................................................................................... XII Letter of Transmittal .............................................................................................................................................. XIII Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting ...................................................................... XIX Organizational Chart – Department of Finance and Administrative Services ........................................................ XX FINANCIAL SECTION INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT State of Washington...
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...CONTENT AND SKILL SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE UNIFORM CPA EXAMINATION Approved by the Board of Examiners American Institute of Certified Public Accountants May 15, 2009 Effective Date: January 1, 2011 Board of Examiners Examinations Team American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Parkway Corporate Center 1230 Parkway Avenue, Suite 311 Ewing, NJ 08628-3018 COPYRIGHT © 2009 BY AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS, INC. CONTENT SPECIFICATION OUTLINES (CSOs) The outline portions of the content specifications identify the extent of the technical content to be tested on each of the four sections of the Uniform CPA Examination. The outlines list the areas, groups, and topics to be tested in the following manner: I. (Roman numeral) Area A. (Capital letter) Group 1. (Arabic numeral) Topic Each outline is followed by information about selected publications that candidates may study to prepare for the Uniform CPA Examination. Weights The percentage range following each area represents the approximate percentage of total test questions associated with the area. The ranges are designed to provide flexibility in building the examination, and the midpoints of the ranges for all areas in each section total 100%. The examination questions will be selected from each area to fall within the percentage allocation range. No percentages are given for groups or topics. The presence of several groups within an area or several topics within a group does not imply equal...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO PROFESSIONAL RESEARCH Discussion Questions 1. Research in general involves the investigation and analysis of an issue in question. The researcher usually applies reasonable and reflective thinking to develop an answer to the issue or problem at hand. Research requires a clear definition of the problem, using professional databases to search the authoritative literature, reviewing and evaluating the data collected, drawing conclusions and communicating your results. 2. Accounting, auditing, or tax research involve a systematic and logical investigation of an issue or problem using the accountant’s professional judgment. Furthermore, accountants approach this problem using critical-thinking skills to obtain and document evidence underlying a conclusion relating to an issue or problem currently confronting the accountant or auditor. 3. Accounting, auditing, or tax research are necessary in order to determine the proper recording, classification, and disclosure of economic events; to determine compliance with authoritative pronouncements; or to determine the preferability of alternative accounting procedures. 4. The objective of accounting, auditing, or tax research is a systematic investigation of an issue or problem utilizing the researcher’s professional judgment to arrive at appropriate and timely conclusions regarding the issues at hand. 5. Research plays an important role within an accounting firm or department. It is critical...
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...Accounting Standards Building international opportunities for Australian business Corporate Law Economic Reform Program Proposals for Reform: Paper No. 1 © Commonwealth of Australia 1997 ISBN 0 642 26110 5 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Australian Government Publishing Service. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction rights should be directed to the Manager, Commonwealth Information Services, Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601. The Government is seeking comments from interested parties on the detail of the proposals in this paper which should be forwarded to the following address:| First Assistant SecretaryBusiness Law DivisionThe TreasuryParkes PlacePARKES ACT 2600|Telephone:Fax:Email:|02 6263 396002 6263 2882clerp@treasury.gov.au| Copies of this paper are available from the Australian Government Publishing Service and on the Treasury web site (http://www.treasury.gov.au).Enquiries concerning the paper can be made to:Ms Veronique IngramAssistant SecretaryThe TreasuryTelephone: 02 6263 3970| Printed by the Australian Government Publishing Service Table of Contents Page Abbreviations v PART 1: Reform Proposals 1 PART 2: Introduction 9 2.1 Background 9 2.2 Key economic principles 10 PART 3: The Case for Reform 11 3.1 Impetus for reform 11 3.2 What the Government is seeking...
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...A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n junction diode, which emits light when activated.[4]When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor. An LED is often small in area (less than 1 mm2) and integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern.[5] Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962,[6] the earliest LEDs emitted low-intensity infrared light. Infrared LEDs are still frequently used as transmitting elements in remote-control circuits, such as those in remote controls for a wide variety of consumer electronics. The first visible-light LEDs were also of low intensity, and limited to red. Modern LEDs are available across the visible,ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness. Early LEDs were often used as indicator lamps for electronic devices, replacing small incandescent bulbs. They were soon packaged into numeric readouts in the form of seven-segment displays, and were commonly seen in digital clocks. Recent developments in LEDs permit them to be used in environmental and task lighting. LEDs have many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime...
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...BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND CONCEPTS Section 1: Business Structure 1. The uniform law, issued in 1984 by the Committee on Corporate Laws of the American Bar Association, that regulates the formation, operation, and termination of corporations is A. The Model Business Corporation Act B. The Uniform Commercial Code C. The Revised Model Business Commercial Code D. The Standard Incorporation Act 2. Which of the following statements is true? A. The exchange of stock for services rendered is not a taxable transaction. B. The repeal of Sec. 351 would result in more existing businesses being incorporated. C. Section 351 was enacted to allow taxpayers to incorporate without incurring adverse tax consequences. D. Section 351 is an example of a negative aspect of the corporate form of business organization. 3. Which of the following statements is true? A. Formation of a partnership requires legal documentation. B. An individual engaged in the active conduct of a business must elect not to be taxed as a partnership. C. If two people (or business entities) work together to carry on any business or financial operation with the intention of making a profit and sharing that profit as co-owners, a partnership exists for federal income tax purposes. D. The partnership form of business creates double-taxation because individual partners are taxed, and the partnership is also taxed as a separate legal entity. Want to download the Final Exam answers..?? Click ACC 497 Final Exam ...
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...Syllabus Certified General Accountants Association of Canada 100 – 4200 North Fraser Way Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5J 5K7 www.cga-canada.org © CGA-Canada, 2013 All rights reserved. These materials or parts thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner without the prior written permission of the Certified General Accountants Association of Canada. Printed in Canada ISBN for an individual volume: 978-1-55219-599-4 About CGA-CANADA _________________________________________ CGA-Canada today The CGA designation focuses on integrity, ethics, and the highest education requirements. Recognized as the country’s accounting business leaders, CGAs provide strategic counsel, financial leadership, and overall direction to all sectors of the Canadian economy. The Certified General Accountants Association of Canada — CGA-Canada — sets standards, develops education programs, publishes professional materials, advocates on public policy issues, and represents CGAs nationally and internationally. The Association represents 75,000 CGAs and students in Canada, Bermuda, the Caribbean, Hong Kong, and China. Mission CGA-Canada advances the interests of its members and the public through national and international representation and the establishment of professional standards, practices, and services. A proud history CGA-Canada was founded in Montréal in 1908 under the leadership of John Leslie, vicepresident of the Canadian Pacific Railway. From the beginning, its objective...
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