...Microsoft Access or Microsoft SQL Server: What's Right in Your Organization? SQL Server Technical Article Writers: Luke Chung Technical Reviewer: Matt Nunn Published: December 2004, revised July 2006. Applies To: SQL Server 2005 Summary: This paper explains how Microsoft® Access is used within an organization. It also explains when to use Access and when to use Microsoft SQL Server™. Copyright The information contained in this document represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation on the issues discussed as of the date of publication. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information presented after the date of publication. This White Paper is for informational purposes only. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT. Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. Without limiting the rights under copyright, no part of this document may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), or for any purpose, without the express written permission of Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering...
Words: 6412 - Pages: 26
...Electronic Commerce – as the use of the computer to facilitate all of firm’s operation. Firm’s internal business areas; Finance, Human Resources, Information Services, Manufacturing, and Marketing. Finance deals mainly with the Financial Community, Stockholders and Owners and firm’s Customer. Human Resources has special interest in the Global Community and Labor Unions. Information Services interfaces with hardware and software Suppliers. Manufacturing is responsible for dealing with the firm’s Suppliers, and Labor Unions. Marketing is primarily responsible for interfacing with the firm’s Customers and Competitors. All of the areas interface with the Government. Anticipated Benefits from Ecommerce – Positive, Improvements, Advantage. 1. Improved customer service 2. Improved relationships with suppliers and the financial community 3. Increased return on stockholder and owner investments Ecommerce Constraints – Limitations or Disadvantage. * High cost * Security concerns * Immature or unavailable software The Pathway to Ecommerce – the planning stage for implementing the system to ecommerce. Business Intelligence – background about the business – anyone in the organization must know everything about the business. Or in the other hand [BI] defined broadly to include information on all environmental elements. Basic Intelligence Task Collect Data – is the firm may acquire either Primary data [P] or Secondary data [S]. [P] – is gathered by the firms...
Words: 1326 - Pages: 6
...Task analysis and human-computer interaction: approaches, techniques, and levels of analysis Abe Crystal School of Information and Library Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill acrystal@email.unc.edu Beth Ellington School of Information and Library Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill elliv@email.unc.edu ABSTRACT In this paper we critically review task analysis models and techniques. These approaches to task analysis are discussed in order to develop a richer picture of human activity, while analyzing their limitations, general weaknesses, and possibilities for improvement. We consider their ability to determine the appropriate set of atomic actions in a task, their effect on workers’ motivational needs, their support of users’ cognitive and sociocultural processes, and their effectiveness in supporting interface design. We note that the major approaches have focused on very different levels of analysis, and call for greater integration of these different levels in task analysis theory. Keywords Task analysis, cognitive modeling, activity theory. INTRODUCTION Practitioners and researchers routinely advocate building user-centered systems which enable people to reach their goals, take account of natural human limitations, and generally are intuitive, efficient and pleasurable to use (Preece, Rogers and Sharp, 2002). Central to the design of such systems is a clear understanding of what users actually want to do: What...
Words: 5335 - Pages: 22
...Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience. Automation has had a notable impact in a wide range of industries beyond manufacturing (where it began). Once-ubiquitous telephone operators have been replaced largely by automated telephone switchboards and answering machines. Medical processes such as primary screening in electrocardiography or radiography and laboratory analysis of human genes, sera, cells, and tissues are carried out at much greater speed and accuracy by automated systems. Automated teller machines have reduced the need for bank visits to obtain cash and carry out transactions. In general, automation has been responsible for the shift in the world economy from industrial jobs to service jobs in the 20th and 21st centuries.[1] Movable type is the system of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual letters or punctuation). The world's first known movable-type system for printing was created in China around 1040 A.D. by Bi...
Words: 7787 - Pages: 32
... B.Tech III/IV j_pravee@yahoo.com adimula_saikrishna@yahoo.com Abstract: Artificial Intelligence is a branch of Science which deals with helping machines finds solutions to complex problems in a more human-like fashion. This generally involves borrowing characteristics from human intelligence, and applying them as algorithms in a computer friendly way. A more or less flexible or efficient approach can be taken depending on the requirements established, which influences how artificial the intelligent behavior appears. Humans throughout history have always sought to mimic the appearance, mobility, functionality, intelligent operation, and thinking process of biological creatures. This field of biologically inspired technology, having the moniker biometrics, has evolved from making static copies of human and animals in the form of statues to the emergence of robots that operate with realistic appearance and behavior. This paper covers the current state-of-the-art and challenges to making biomimetic robots using artificial muscles. Keywords: EAP, artificial muscles, artificial intelligence, biometrics Introduction: AI is generally associated with Computer Science, but it has many important links with other fields such as Math’s, Psychology, Cognition, Biology and Philosophy, among many others. Our ability to combine knowledge from all these fields will ultimately benefit our progress in the quest of creating...
Words: 3034 - Pages: 13
...BIT 2305: HCI Introduction 1. Introduction to HCI Humans 2. Human Cognition 3. Perception and Representation 4. Attention and Memory 5. Knowledge and Mental Models 6. Interface metaphors Interactions 7. Input 8. Output 9. User Support 10. Interaction Styles 11. Information Architecture and Web Navigation User-Centred Design 12. User-Centred Design 13. Methods for User-Centred Design 14. User-Centred Web Design 15. Usability Engineering 16. Guidelines and Standards 17. Prototyping 18. Evaluation 1 Computer Supported Cooperative Work Cooperative working Classification of CSCW systems Groupware Systems Organization contributions. Applications of multimedia systems in learning, computer vision, and entertainment. 2 BIT 2305: HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION INTRODUCTION TO HCI Human Computer Interaction (HCI) is concerned with studying ways to design, prototype, evaluate and implement user interfaces that are easy to learn, efficient and pleasant to use. Often it is hard to learn a new tool. This is particularly the case in the complicated world of the computer where there are many different technologies (software tools) and many different ways to access them (different hardware and different screen layouts). Bridging the gap between the technology and the user – making the technology easy to learn and easy to use – is concern and the task of the “user interface”. User refers to the different people who might be using a certain tool. In these...
Words: 15860 - Pages: 64
...In recent years the mushrooming power, functionality and ubiquity of computers and the Internet have outstripped early forecasts about technology’s rate of advancement and usefulness in everyday life. Alert pundits now foresee a world saturated with powerful computer chips, which will increasingly insinuate themselves into our gadgets, dwellings, apparel and even our bodies. Robots on SCM Obviously, it hasn’t turned out that way. It is true that industrial robots have transformed the manufacture of automobiles, among other products. But that kind of automation is a far cry from the versatile, mobile, autonomous creations that so many scientists and engineers have hoped for. In pursuit of such robots, waves of researchers have grown disheartened and scores of start-up companies have gone out of business. It is not the mechanical “body” that is unattainable; articulated arms and other moving mechanisms adequate for manual work already exist, as the industrial robots attest. Rather it is the computer-based artificial brain that is still well below the level of sophistication needed to build a humanlike robot. Nevertheless, I am convinced that the decades-old dream of a useful, general-purpose autonomous robot will be realized in the not too distant future. By 2010 we will see mobile robots as big as people but with cognitive abilities similar in many respects to those of a lizard. The machines will be capable of carrying out simple chores, such as vacuuming, dusting, delivering...
Words: 1744 - Pages: 7
...Modularization, Commodization Modularity Definition: Modularity is a very general set of principles for managing complexity. By breaking up acomplex system into discrete pieces—which can then communicate with one another onlythrough standardized interfaces within a standardized architecture (Langlois, 2000) * Modularity is based on a systems theory view of organizations and their processes. It seeks to investigate how a system’s components are ‘coupled’ together and how tight these bonds are. * Modularity is important today because of the increased complexity of modern technology. * The driving normative basis for the investigation is that increased modularity enables the parts of a system to be separated and combined with much greater flexibility, and that such flexibility is desirable. * What is new is the application of the idea of modularity not only to technological design but also to organizational design. * A complex modern society might be made more productive through a modular design of social and economic institutions. * In a world of change, modularity is generally worth the costs. The goal is to find the modularization that minimizes interdependencies and most cleanly decomposes the system. * Innovation that takes place through change in the modules we can call modular innovation. * Handling complex systems become easier if break them up into sub-systems. * Complex product or process composed of smaller sub-systems that can be...
Words: 2177 - Pages: 9
...Chapter 1 Evolution of Human REsouRcE managEmEnt and Human REsouRcE infoRmation systEms The Role of InfoRmaTIon Technology Mohan ThiTe, Michael J. Kavanagh, and RichaRd d. Johnson EDITORS’ NOTE The purpose of this chapter is to provide an introduction to the fields of human resource management (HRM) and information technology (IT) and to the combination of these two fields into human resource information systems (HRIS). The history of the field of HRM and the impact of computer technology on HRM will be covered, as well as the advent of using a human resource information system and the subsequent effects on both HR and IT professionals. The different types of HR activities will be discussed as well as the different types of information systems used in HRIS. A central focus of this chapter is the use in managerial decision making of results and reports from an HRIS. The development of the HRIS field has been seen to have a significant impact on the emergence of strategic human resource management (Strategic HRM), as is discussed in this chapter. This first chapter will lay the groundwork for the remainder of this book, and, consequently, it is important to understand thoroughly the concepts and ideas it presents. This chapter contains definitions for a number of terms in common use in the HRM, IT, and HRIS fields. (Note that a glossary defining these terms is also provided at the back of this book.) The central themes 2 Chapter 1 Evolution of Human Resource Management...
Words: 12986 - Pages: 52
...[pic] [pic] Interface Design for Computer-based Learning Environments Marshall G. Jones Northern Illinois University Email: mgjones@niu.edu James R. Okey The University of Georgia [pic] Research in the area of user interface design for computer-based learning environments (Jones, 1993) found that screen and interface design should be considered at the same time during the design and development process. Additionally, the research produced a list of interface design concepts and a corresponding list of guidelines for implementing those concepts. The concepts presented in this paper are broad issues to be considered during the design and development process. The guidelines that are associaàted with the concepts are intended to be flexible, and allow for the creativity of the individual designer, and the needs of a particular project. Names for some of the concepts were taken from an analysis of the literature in computer-based instruction (CBI), computer-based learning environments, and human computer interaction (HCI). Names for the other concepts were emic categories generated by the participants in the study. The guidelines were derived through an analysis of the literature, an analysis of six commercially produced computer-based learning environments, and interviews with the designers and developers of the six computer-based learning environments. Further research is being conducted to determine how designers and developers can implement these guidelines. If you...
Words: 6044 - Pages: 25
...tory of e-govCHAPTER - III HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF e-GOVERNANCE 3.1. Introduction Information and Communication Technologies can enhance the transformation of work culture by serving a variety of ends, better delivery of government services to citizens, improved government interactions with business and industry, citizen empowerment through access to information and participation for decision-making and more efficient government management. e-Governance is not meant only for introducing or using technological tools, it fundamentally strives to bring about a change in mindset and work culture to integrate government processes and functions to serve the citizens better. In this process, it is crucial that the capacity of government to be open to criticism as well as the application of new social contract between all stakeholders, confirming a shared responsibility on the transformation processes. The interaction between a citizen and a government agency takes place in a government office. With emerging Information and Communication technologies it is possible to locate service centers closed to clients. In all the cases public traditionally look for information and services addressing his or her needs and in both cases quality, relevance and efficiency are of paramount importance. Therefore, the establishment of e-Governance requires a good knowledge of the needs that exist in the society and that can be offered using ICT. The effectiveness of ICT in government is closely...
Words: 3099 - Pages: 13
...online business system. Moreover, e-commerce system should be adapted with the whole business environment such as business norms and behavior, customer practice, business rules and government policy. However, Semiotic that is ‘the science of signs’ has brought many approaches to facilitate the process of understand signs’ meaning. The approach of organizational semiotic defied the organization as a group of social norms and emphasizes on the people and their role and responsibility in order to merge them when analyzing and designing information system (Stamper et al, 2004). For e-commerce systems, there is a necessity of clear meaning for each symbol, icon and image because almost all transactions done through the web system without human agent involvement. Therefore, semiotic methodologies have been improved to obtain effective communication and interpretation between e-commerce system and user, and to be compatible with the sophisticated information system. This paper aims to apply semiotic method and organizational analysis on the design of online shopping website after giving background information about semiotic concepts and the new business generation...
Words: 2949 - Pages: 12
...and electro-mechanics integration as the key technologies. Soft-mechanics could be instrumental for providing soft interaction between machines and humans, while electro-mechanics integration enables a novel approach to create highly functional, tiny terminals. 2 The research drivers Future mobile communication devices will have more functions packed in small size and they are going to be used for communication, information searching and browsing as a natural extension of human capabilities in everyday life. One of the key drivers for future mobile devices is to enable drastic change of the physical appearance of mobile terminals to soft and comfortable human centered devices with totally new product category possibilities. The modularization of main components and flexible connectivity will enable the adaptability to different user group needs and allow the freedom to use and transport the device in most convenient way. 2.1 Background Some researcher said that as mobile phones become more like handheld computers and consumers spend as much as 8 to 10 hours a day talking, text and using the Web on these devices. Future mobile communication devices will have more functions packed in small size and they are going to be used for communication, information searching and browsing as a natural extension of human capabilities in everyday life. For most of us, a mobile phone is an instrument to talk with...
Words: 8406 - Pages: 34
...and creativity to develop new products and services. However, the productivity of IT teams varies widely, in part because of the vastly differing access to tools and technologies that organizations provide to these workers to support the way in which they work. This fact has serious implications when we consider three major changes now taking place in the as relates to social computing since these changes are increasingly having an impact to the ways people interact with each other. Therefore, the concept of social computing is of particular interest to this author because “a large number of new applications and services that facilitate collective action and social interaction online with rich exchange of multimedia information and evolution of aggregate knowledge have come to dominate the Web” (Schneider, 2006, p. 15). A key feature of the new social computing trends is the use of easy-to-use, lightweight, mostly open-source computing tools. Examples include blogs, wikis, social bookmarking, peer-to-peer networks, open source communities, photo and video sharing communities, and online business networks. Many of the popular online networks have been growing dramatically; with the most spectacular examples being Facebook and YouTube, “each of which have attracted significantly high investments from leading players in the industry; both the growth and the high profile investments resemble events from the dot-com era” (Schneider, 2006, p. 16). It is important to note...
Words: 1232 - Pages: 5
...Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Faculty of Computer Science in Germany. This document neither claims completeness, nor correctness of the presented topic. Please let me know in case of errors or missing information: contact.benjaminsommer.com [SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LECTURE NOTES] October 21, 2011 OVERVIEW SOFTWARE PROCESSES SOFTWARE PROCESS MODELS PROCESS ACTIVITIES COPING WITH CHANGE THE RATIONAL UNIFIED PROCESS AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT AGILE METHODS PLAN-DRIVEN AND AGILE DEVELOPMENT EXTREME PROGRAMMING AGILE PROJECT MANAGEMENT SCALING AGILE METHODS REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING FUNCTIONAL AND NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS THE SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING PROCESSES REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION AND ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS VALIDATION REQUIREMENTS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MODELING CONTEXT MODELS INTERACTION MODELS STRUCTURAL MODELS BEHAVIORAL MODELS MODEL-DRIVEN ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN DECISIONS ARCHITECTURAL VIEWS ARCHITECTURAL PATTERNS APPLICATION ARCHITECTURES DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGN USING THE UML DESIGN PATTERNS IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES OPEN SOURCE DEVELOPMENT SOFTWARE TESTING DEVELOPMENT TESTING TEST-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT RELEASE TESTING download.benjaminsommer.com | 1 3 5 5 7 10 13 16 16 17 17 19 20 21 21 23 24 25 26 29 30 31 32 32 33 34 35 37 38 39 39 42 44 45 47 48 50 51 52 56 57 October 21, 2011 USER TESTING SOFTWARE EVOLUTION EVOLUTION PROCESSES PROGRAM EVOLUTION DYNAMICS SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE...
Words: 24348 - Pages: 98
