However, someone might give a reason for doing so and so including a consideration that is “independent of the relationship” concerning that person who may be speaking and someone that is listening “because it would give pleasure to a number of people” or “because it is your duty”. Such a reason assumes impersonal standards of independent values of generosity, justice, or duty. Both of the arguments that are for and against whatever viewpoint, claim to be impersonal and rational arguments. Lastly, the third example would be “The different conceptually incommensurable premises of the rival arguments have a wide variety of historical origins ” (10). MacIntyre goes back over the historical roots of the challenging arguments from each of three