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The Failures of Environmental Multilateralism Demonstrate the Need for a World Environment Organisation

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‘The failures of environmental multilateralism demonstrate the need for a World Environment Organisation.’ Critically evaluate this claim.

One of the main challenges that face environmental politics today is a significant lack of integration between the global governance structures that address ecological matters. The international trade system has some of the most powerful institutional actors, such as the World Trade Organisation, where legal rules are supported by a dispute resolution body, trade sanctions, as well as the power to authorise other retaliation tactics when a country does not comply with a ruling (Eckersley 2003.) In contrast, the existing multilateral framework for environmental politics provides a fragmented, and incoherent arrangement to govern some of the most important ecological issues. Organisations like the United Nations Environmental Programme, for example, are supported by voluntary member state contributions, and lack the financial foundation, as well as the legal mandate to express sound environmental policy-making. As quoted by Eckersley (2003), “judged in terms of size and teeth, we might regard the WTO as a large tiger and MEAs as a ragged collection of small cats” (pp. 2.)

This paper makes the case for a reorganisation of environmental governance, with the specific transformation of UNEP into a World Environment Organisation (WEO.) A WEO is argued to be able to provide an authoritative voice and force to issues of the global commons, as well as give greater responsibility to multilateral climate negotiations. Although a WEO would be new, its rationale and even structure may be guided by the experience of other multilateral systems, including the International Labor Organisation (ILO) or the World Trade Organisation.

This essay will first provide a review of the weaknesses in current frameworks for multilateral

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