...Shock Waves (2009) 19:453–468 DOI 10.1007/s00193-009-0220-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Some physical aspects of shock wave/boundary layer interactions Jean Délery · Jean-Paul Dussauge Received: 9 February 2009 / Accepted: 29 June 2009 / Published online: 26 July 2009 © Springer-Verlag 2009 Abstract When the flow past a vehicle flying at high velocity becomes supersonic, shock waves form, caused either by a change in the slope of a surface, a downstream obstacle or a back pressure constraining the flow to become subsonic. In modern aerodynamics, one can cite a large number of circumstances where shock waves are present. The encounter of a shock wave with a boundary layer results in complex phenomena because of the rapid retardation of the boundary layer flow and the propagation of the shock in a multilayered structure. The consequence of shock wave/ boundary layer interaction (SWBLI) are multiple and often critical for the vehicle or machine performance. The shock submits the boundary layer to an adverse pressure gradient which may strongly distort its velocity profile. At the same time, in turbulent flows, turbulence production is enhanced which amplifies the viscous dissipation leading to aggravated performance losses. In addition, shock-induced separation most often results in large unsteadiness which can damage the vehicle structure or, at least, severely limit its performance. The article first presents basic and well-established results on the physics of SWBLI corresponding to...
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...Module 3 The Nature and Properties of Light What this module is about Most of the things that you know you have learned about through your eyes. You can only see if there is light. Light makes you see shapes and colors. Light also helps you identify objects both near and far. But what is light? In this module you will learn about the nature and properties of light in the following lessons: Lesson 1 – Lesson 2 – Lesson 3 – Lesson 4 – The Nature of Light Reflection and Mirrors Refraction and Lenses Colors, Interference and Polarization What you are expected to learn After studying the lessons in this module, you are expected to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. state the different theories about the nature of light; demonstrate reflection properties of light using mirrors; describe the image formed by mirrors; show the refraction properties of light using lenses; give applications of total internal reflection; describe the image formed by lenses; enumerate the colors that make up white light; explain what causes colors of object; and cite applications of diffractions, interference and polarization of light. How to learn from this module Here is a simple guide for you in going about the module. 1. Read and follow the instructions very carefully. 2. Take the pretest (20-item multiple-choice test) to determine how much you know about the lessons in the module. 3. Check your answers against the correct answers provided at the last page of the module. 4. Be very honest in taking the test...
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...“Capacity analysis of underwater acoustic MIMO communications” A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Bachelor of Technology In Electronics and Communication Engineering Under the guidance of Prof. Poonam Singh Completed by: Sunil Gautam Panda (108EC003) Birupaksha Bhattacharjee (108EC031) National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 2008-2012 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Capacity analysis of underwater acoustic MIMO communications” submitted by Mr. Sunil Gautam Panda and Mr. Birupaksha Bhattacharjee for partial fulfilment for the requirement of Bachelor in Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering at National Institute of Technology, Rourkela is an authentic piece of work carried out by them under my guidance and supervision. To the best of my knowledge, the matter in this thesis has not been submitted to any other University / Institute for the award of any Degree. Prof. Poonam Singh Department of Electronics and Communication National Institute of Technology, Rourkela Date: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It would not have been possible to complete and write this project thesis without the help and encouragement of certain people whom we would like to deeply honour and value their gratefulness. We would like to highly appreciate the constant motivation and encouragement shown by our supervisor and guide Prof. Poonam Singh, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering...
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...restrictive interpretation of what EMH means. EMH does not imply that asset prices are always “correct.” Prices are always wrong, but no one knows for sure if they are too high or too low. EMH does not imply that bubbles in asset prices are impossible nor does it deny that environmental and behavioral factors cannot have profound influences on required rates of return and risk premiums. At its core, EMH implies that arbitrage opportunities for riskless gains do not exist in an *Princeton University. I am indebted to Alan Blinder and to the participants in the Russell Sage Conference on Economic Lessons From the Financial Crisis for extremely helpful comments. 2 efficiently functioning market and if they do appear from time to time that they do not persist. The evidence is clear that this version of EMH is strongly supported by the data. EMH can comfortably coexist with behavior finance, and the insights of Hyman Minsky are particularly relevant in eliminating the recent financial crisis. Bubbles, when they do exist are particularly dangerous when they are financed with debt. And the housing bubble and its associated derivative securities left both the consumer and financial sectors dangerously leveraged. Policy makers are unlikely to be able to identify bubbles in advance, but they must be better...
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...Stress in liquidity is at the heart of any banking crisis in history. During the financial crisis of 2007-09, funding liquidity risk caused the collapse of interbank markets, which became the focus of authorities’ attention at restoring order. Accordingly, central banks and other regulatory bodies world-wide have been evolving prudential liquidity norms in order to impart stability to financial systems. Apart from implementing newer norms on liquidity, they have been devising ways of assessing objectively liquidity conditions in the markets. As an end to this objective, various central banks have started identifying the indicators of liquidity and preparing a composite index thereof in order to have a bird’s eye view of liquidity conditions across financial markets. In this study, a systemic liquidity index (SLI) is constructed considering prevailing rate variables across different financial markets in India. The SLI, so developed, is appropriately validated for its function as a metric for measuring systemic liquidity and its implications on the banks’ performance. Introduction “Unfortunately the word ‘liquidity’ has so many facets that is often counter-productive to use it without further and closer definition” - Charles Goodhart (Banque de France, 2008) The financial crisis of 2007-09 originated in the relatively small subprime lending market of the US, but engulfed the world financial markets very quickly and had devastating effect on the global economy. One of the important...
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...2007-2008 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, HYDERABAD B.TECH. ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING I YEAR COURSE STRUCTURE |Code |Subject |T |P/D |C | | |English |2+1 |- |4 | | |Mathematics - I |3+1 |- |6 | | |Mathematical Methods |3+1 |- |6 | | |Applied Physics |2+1 |- |4 | | |C Programming and Data Structures |3+1 |- |6 | | |Network Analysis |2+1 |- |4 | | |Electronic Devices and Circuits |3+1 |- |6 | | |Engineering Drawing |- |3 |4 | | |Computer Programming Lab. |- |3 |4 | | |IT Workshop |- |3 |4 | | |Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab |- |3...
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...RANGKUMAN KIMNAL SPEKTROFOTOMETRI ISTILAH: 1. Spektroskopi Ilmu yg mempelajari interaksi radiasi dan materi 2. Spektrofotometri Pengukuran kuantitatif dari interaksi radiasi elektromagnetik pada 1 atau lebih panjang gelombang dengan suatu detektor 3. Spectrum Tampilan dari intensitas radiasi teremisikan, absorbs, atau hamburkan oleh sampel vs kuantitas energi foton (E), panjang gelombang (λ) atau frekuensi (v) 4. Radiasi elektromagnetik (RE) Bentuk energi yg ditransmisikan melewati ruang dengan laju yg besar bersifat dualism (bisa sbg gelombang atau partikel energi/foton) Bisa disebut sbg cahaya dlm daerah uv-vis Sifat sbg gelombang: a. Memantul/ reflection b. Membias/ refraction belok c. Berinterferensi/ interference ganggu d. Berdifraksi/ diffraction pecah 5. Panjang gelombang (λ) Jarak antar dua puncak gelombang 6. Frekuensi (v) Jumlah gelombang yg melintasi satu titik tertentu selama waktu tertentu Λ makin kecil E makin besar Frekuensi besar INTERAKSI RADIASI DAN MATERI Fenomena gelombang refraksi dan refleksi Fenomena energi absorbs dan emisi absorbs transmisi emisi refleksi refraksi BAGAIMANA RADIASI DAN MATERI BERINTERAKSI? 1. Merubah SPIN a. NMR b. ESR 2. Mengubah arah orientasi electron * Gelombang micro 3. Mengubah konfigurasi * IR 4. Mengubah distribusi electron a. UV-VIS b. X-Ray 5. Mengubah konfigurasi nuclear/...
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...Emanuela Hirbu Oliver Fracke Möllnitz Table of Content 1. Introduction 2. Company background 3. Concept 4. Problem area 5. Problem formulation 6. Mission, Vision, Values and Goals 7. Selling prepositions 7.1. USP 7.2. ESP 8. Target group 8.1. Questionnaire 8.2. Target group 9. Marketing Mix 9.1. The four P’s 9.2. PEST analysis 10. Market research 10.1. Mobile subscribers worldwide 10.2. Top mobile markets: The 100 million Club 10.3. Mobile phone shipments 10.4. Mobile device market penetration 10.5. Smartphone shipments by manufacturer 11. Competitors - SWOT on competitors 11.1. Competitors 11.1.1. Direct competitors 11.1.2. Indirect competitors 11.1.3. SWOT analysis on competitors 12. Partners 13. Social media strategy 13.1. Filter bubble 14. Marketing constraints 14.1. Modular concept vs. unibody concept 14.2. Purchasing individual components 14.3. Marketing place 14.4. Easy process 14.5. From store to phone 14.6. Producers 15. Producers scenario 15.1. Manufacturing 15.2. Partnerships 15.3. Selling and Market place 15.4. Branding 15.5. Sizes 16. Technical constraints 16.1. Installation of components 16.2. Components 16.3. Upgrades 16.4. Unibody vs. Modular 16.5. Compatibility 17. Mandatory components 18. Phone and screen size 19. Quality assurance 20. Phonebloks - SWOT and TOWS analysis 21. Design description 22. Rendering techniques and details 23. Video 24. Conclusion 25. Appendix and Literature list 1 1. Introduction es. Unlike fifty years ago a lot of interaction...
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...UNIT 1- CAR BODY DETAILS Cars can come in a large variety of different body styles. Some are still in production, while others are of historical interest only. These styles are largely (though not completely) independent of a car's classification in terms of price, size and intended broad market; the same car model might be available in multiple body styles (or model ranges). For some of the following terms, especially relating to four-wheel drive / SUV models and minivan / MPV models, the distinction between body style and classification is particularly narrow. Please note that while each body style has a historical and technical definition, in common usage such definitions are often blurred. Over time, the common usage of each term evolves. For example, people often call 4-passenger sport coupés a "sports car", while purists will insist that a sports car by definition is limited to two-place vehicles. Body work In automotive engineering, the bodywork of an automobile is the structure which protects: ⦁ The occupants ⦁ Any other payload ⦁ The mechanical components. In vehicles with a separate frame or chassis, the term bodywork is normally applied to only the non-structural panels, including doors and other movable panels, but it may also be used more generally to include the structural components which support the mechanical components. Construction There are three main types of automotive bodywork: ⦁ The first automobiles were designs...
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...QUEZON CITY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY Fundamentals of ICT Midterm Reviewer Prepared by Ronald T. Sapiandante - BSIT Faculty Introduction: Hello class, here is our midterm reviewer. The reviewer was divided into five sections. The first part discusses history of computers, the second part is all about hardware, the third deals on software, fourth on communication and lastly, the peopleware will be tackled on the fifth. The outline of the reviewer was based on the Fundamental of ICT syllabus and course guide issued by the BSIT-Department for School Year 2011-2012. The content of this reviewer is largely based on the report you uploaded in our yahoo groups, while most of the other materials I personally included were taken from Wikipedia, Guestpaper.net httpEzineArticles.com/6069444 For your comments, suggestions, clarifications, or for any errors you found in this reviewer please post a message to our yahoo groups or bring it to my attention during university time. Remember I’m giving grades not only to those who can give the right answer to the question but also to those who can ask the right question! Read along!!! Part 1- History of Computer If we open a book on Introduction to Computer and look for the meaning of “Computer” though the author may use different words we will came across the common meaning of computer: a. That the computer is an electronic device; b. That the computer can accept input; c. That the computer are capable...
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...1 General Science General Science CHAPTER I. CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER I CHAPTER I CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER II CHAPTER II CHAPTER III CHAPTER III CHAPTER III CHAPTER IV CHAPTER IV CHAPTER IV CHAPTER V CHAPTER V CHAPTER V CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER IX CHAPTER IX 2 CHAPTER IX CHAPTER X CHAPTER X CHAPTER X CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXVI CHAPTER XXVI CHAPTER XXVI General Science CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXXI CHAPTER XXXI CHAPTER XXXI CHAPTER XXXII CHAPTER XXXII CHAPTER XXXII CHAPTER XXXIII CHAPTER XXXIII CHAPTER XXXIII CHAPTER XXXIV CHAPTER XXXIV CHAPTER XXXIV CHAPTER XXXV CHAPTER XXXV CHAPTER XXXV General...
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...-Aa posteriori distribution a priori distribution A.C. pulse abandoned connection abbreviated address calling abend aberration abnormal end abnormal reflection abnormal termination abort sequence abort, to aborted connection absolute code absolute delay absolute error absolute error of measurement absolute instruction absolute instrument absolute pressure absolute stability of a system absolute system of electrical units absolute-value device absolutely stable system absolutely summable absorb, to absorbant absorbing state absorption cross-section absorption loss absorption modulation absorption absorption spectrum absorption trap absorptive attenuator abstract abstract symbol abstract syntax tree abstraction AC AC/DC converter accelerate, to accelerated test accelerating relay acceleration of gravity sonsal dağılım önsel dağılım almaşık akım darbesi yarıda kalan bağlantı kısa numarayla arama olağandışı sonlanma sapınç olağandışı son olağandışı yansıma olağandışı son durdurma dizisi (bitirmeden) durdurmak yarıda kalan bağlantı makina dilindeki kod, mutlak kod mutlak gecikme mutlak hata mutlak ölçüm hatası makina dilindeki komut, mutlak komut mutlak ölçü aleti mutlak basınç bir dizgenin mutlak kararlılığı elektrik birimlerinin mutlak sistemi mutlak değer aygıtı mutlak kararlı dizge mutlak toplanır soğurmak soğurgan soğurucu durum etkin soğurma alanı soğurum yitimi enerji soğurum kiplenimi soğurulma, soğurum soğurum izgesi soğurum tuzağı soğurgan zayıflatıcı 1) öz; 2) soyut soyut...
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...NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SILCHAR Bachelor of Technology Programmes amï´>r¶ JH$s g§ñWmZ, m¡Úmo{ à VO o pñ Vw dZ m dY r V ‘ ñ Syllabi and Regulations for Undergraduate PROGRAMME OF STUDY (wef 2012 entry batch) Ma {gb Course Structure for B.Tech (4years, 8 Semester Course) Civil Engineering ( to be applicable from 2012 entry batch onwards) Course No CH-1101 /PH-1101 EE-1101 MA-1101 CE-1101 HS-1101 CH-1111 /PH-1111 ME-1111 Course Name Semester-1 Chemistry/Physics Basic Electrical Engineering Mathematics-I Engineering Graphics Communication Skills Chemistry/Physics Laboratory Workshop Physical Training-I NCC/NSO/NSS L 3 3 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 13 T 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 P 0 0 0 3 0 2 3 2 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 6 0 0 8 2 C 8 6 8 5 6 2 3 0 0 38 8 8 8 8 6 2 0 0 40 8 8 6 6 6 2 2 2 40 6 6 8 2 Course No EC-1101 CS-1101 MA-1102 ME-1101 PH-1101/ CH-1101 CS-1111 EE-1111 PH-1111/ CH-1111 Course Name Semester-2 Basic Electronics Introduction to Computing Mathematics-II Engineering Mechanics Physics/Chemistry Computing Laboratory Electrical Science Laboratory Physics/Chemistry Laboratory Physical Training –II NCC/NSO/NSS Semester-4 Structural Analysis-I Hydraulics Environmental Engg-I Structural Design-I Managerial Economics Engg. Geology Laboratory Hydraulics Laboratory Physical Training-IV NCC/NSO/NSS Semester-6 Structural Design-II Structural Analysis-III Foundation Engineering Transportation Engineering-II Hydrology &Flood...
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...Laboratory biosafety manual Third edition World Health Organization Geneva 2004 WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data World Health Organization. Laboratory biosafety manual. – 3rd ed. 1.Containment of biohazards - methods 2.Laboratories - standards 3.Laboratory infection - prevention and control 4.Manuals I.Title. ISBN 92 4 154650 6 (LC/NLM classification: QY 25) WHO/CDS/CSR/LYO/2004.11 This publication was supported by Grant/Cooperative Agreement Number U50/CCU012445-08 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC. © World Health Organization 2004 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: permissions@who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning...
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...VOCATIONAL HIGHER SECONDARY TEACHER’S SOURCE BOOK COMPUTER SCIENCE FIRST YEAR Government of Kerala Department of Education SCERT - 2005-06 STATE COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING Vidyabhavan, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram-12 Prepared by: State Council of Educational Research & Training (SCERT) Vidyabhavan, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram -12 Kerala E-mail:scertkerala@asianetindia.com Type setting by: SCERT Computer Lab. © Government of Kerala Education Department 2005 P REFACE Dear Teachers, Computer Science is concerned with the gathering, manipulation, classification, storage and retrival of knowledge. Understanding Computer Science, is necessary because of its power and influence in modern society. Learning of Computer Science should be activity based, process oriented, student-centred, environmental based and life oriented. The approach to learning is based on five domains of science: Knowledge domain, process domain, application and connection domain, domain of attitudes and values and creativity domain. But we know that most of the present vocational higher secondary teachers are not familiar with this paradigm. Hence for the first time we are introducing sourcebooks for all the subjects in the vocational higher secondary curriculum. This source book for computer science aims to provide guidelines to the teachers of our state to change their pedagogy from the conventional content-based approach to the process...
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