...The First Crusade was a major turning point in history. The first Crusade happened during the time period of 1059 to 1099. The First Crusade started in Western Europe then moved towards Antioch. The Seljuk Turks took a big part in the Frist Crusade. The Seljuk Turks were a group of Muslim invaders that came from Central Asia. The Seljuk Turks were a fast moving empire, they were also very powerful, that lead them to be able to take over more lands faster. The Christians from the east have never been back on the west side since the Great Schism. Even though there were many reasons why the Pope wanted to send knights to fight in the First crusade, the threat of being invading by Seljuk Turks was the greatest factor. Alexius was born in 1048...
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...day. The conflict started with the Crusades. The Crusades were a series of military conflicts that much of Christian Europe waged on the Muslims to take back the Holy Lands, Jerusalem, which was the birhplace of Jesus Christ. The origins of the Crusades lie in the development inWestern Europe during the Middle Ages. In 1063, Pope Alexander II had given his blessing to the Iberian Christians in their wars against the Muslims. Pope Alexander II offered indulgence to those who were killed in battle. A soldier in the Crusades would resite a solemn vow, receive a cross from the hands of the pope or of his legates, and was then considered a "soldier of the Church". The cause of the First Crusade, which took place from 1095 to 1099, was Alexius I's appeal to Pope Urban II for mercenaries to help him resist Muslim advances into territory of the Byzantine Empire. When the First Crusade was preached in 1095, the Christian princes of Northern Iberia had beenfighting their way out of the mountains of Galicia and Asturias, the Basque Country, and Navarre, for about a hundred years. Crusader armies managed to defeat two substantial Turkish forces at Dorylaen and at Antioch. The Crusaders were finally able to journey to Jerusalem, but with only a fraction of their original forces. The fall of Moorish Toledo, a Muslim kingdom, to the Kingdom of Leon, a Christian kingdom, in 1085 was a major victory. An effect of the First Crusade were mass executions of the Jews...
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...Pope Urban II called the first crusade at the Council of Clermont after the Byzantine emperor Alexios Komnenos asked him for help with the Seljuk Turks. Urban, seeing this as an opportunity to launch an attack on the Islamic held holy land, made speeches at the council with accounts of violence being inflicted on the Christian pilgrims. He used this speech to rile up the French clergy and noblemen, as well as being a good troop gathering tool. The Church was very influential at the time of the Crusades, so it was not hard to gather men for these armies, considering they had the help of several prominent Frenchman including the Count of Toulouse, Raymond IV. Unexpectedly, it was the peasants, not the knights, who most fervently answered the call to war. Men of women of all ages took up arms, possibly seeking to earn grace with God, or to earn wealth during the war. Following his speeches in France, Urban recruited other leaders such as Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemond of Taranto (enter other things here...
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...Crusaders Casey Roden THEO 350-B13 The crusades are something that I love to read about. Not only are they filled with action, but also mystery. As a kid I remember watching things like Indiana Jones or even Monty Python and the Holy Grail, and wanting to know more about the time period. I would love to travel to the areas that the Crusades went through. The crusades were a series of holy wars called by popes with the promise of indulgences for those who fought in them and directed against external and internal enemies of Christendom for the recovery of Christian property or in defense of the Church or Christian people. Crusaders would take a vow and granted indulgences. The Crusades are often related to pilgrimages, spreading Christian love and piety that paid for penalties earned by sin. Crusades were a combination of Holy war and pilgrimage to produce the concept of indulgence, “remission of penance and/or sin granted by papacy for participation in sacred activity”. This paper will be looking to answer the question, “Although there were clearly political, intellectual, and technological benefits to Europe as a result of the Crusades, can it be said that the Crusades advanced the cause of Christ?” Scholars argue what is covered as a Crusade and what is not. There are traditionalists that limit the true crusades to expeditions aimed at recovering or protecting Jerusalem. Pluralists, regard any expedition preached as a crusade in which the participants took crusading vows...
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...Crusades Abstract Crusades are recalled as a major incident in the history. This series of the holy war started in 1095 and continued till 1272. In general, reasons and motivational factors behind crusades are classified as subjective in nature. The goal of the Christian in this war was to liberate Jerusalem from Muslim possession and retook the control of the holy land. While, Muslims at the beginning of this war were on defensive side and failed to sustain their kingdom. However, after the third crusade, Saladin recaptured Jerusalem and included this state in his Kingdom of Egypt. This paper briefly describes the reasons and impacts of crusades which affected Europe in terms of politics, economy and social system and benefits. Table of Contents John Q. Student Professor Doe English 344 8 May 2000 Crusades Introduction The human history has seen numerous wars which have been fought to achieve the strategic goals of the states. Most of the wars reflect the intention of territorial expansion, acquiring additional resources of occupied land, settling down the political instability and to create balance or dominancy in terms of power in the region. However, history also witnesses to the fact that there are many wars that were fought on the name of religion. Crusades, among them, are generally referred as holy war or series of religious military actions to conquer the...
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... The Crusades The crusades were military expeditions launched against the Muslims by the Christians in an attempt to regain the holy land. They took place between 1095 AD and 1291 AD. It was one of the most violent periods in the history of mankind. The crusades did not accomplish much during their time. The crusades were unnecessary because many people were raped and killed, there was only one successful crusade, and they ultimately weakened the empire. The crusades caused great pain to families, Jewish communities and more. For instance, “the crusades ended their campaign in 1099 by slaughtering some 30,000 Muslims and Jews in Jerusalem.” They are considered to be the most violent, because innocent people were killed. Many different types of weapons were used to accomplish these tragic events. The blood from the children that were killed was mixed with the leavened bread of Passover. There were seven different crusades. Even though, the first crusade was successful in the holy war, many Muslims were slaughtered. The second crusade was launched in the 12th century. They lost many battles and were ambushed. The third crusade destroyed a chain of cities along the Mediterranean. The fourth crusades had financial difficulties, so they took Constantinople and plundered it to get money. The fifth, sixth, and seventh crusades were the same as the others- they were launched and did not accomplish much. Overall, there are many reasons why the crusades were not...
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...Russia Around 500 AD, the slavic people lived near the Ukraine. Then, they began to move east into modern day Russia and south towards the Byzantine Empire Around 800 AD, the vikings began to attack (the slavs) 862 AD, the slavs asked a viking, Rurik ‘ the Rus’ to rule over them in Novgorod Because of viking raids, Europe militarizes itself but they’re still not united Russian Orthodox Christianity 863 AD, Cyrill and Methodius (brothers), were sent as missionaries by the Christian Church in the Byzantine Empire and they developed an alphabet based on the Greek, that was capable of representing Slavic sounds so they could translate the Bible (The Cyrillic Alphabet) East of Rome hits its highest point under the Emperor Justinian (r. 527 - 565 AD) Charlemagne's ‘Charles the Great’ Government Charlemagne was crowned on December 25, 800 AD by Pope Leo III as the new King of Rome (Holy Roman Emperor) His empire was divided into several hundred regions & each region was governed by a count Each count was responsible to organize an army & make laws Charlemagne would send out two-man-teams (Missi Dominici) to make sure counts weren’t plotting against him There were no taxes and public money was made by harvests from the Emperor’s large estates All peasants had to serve 3 months every year in the army The nobility provided calvary He started schools for the noble children and occasionally a bright, peasant child would be allowed to attend (Carolingian Renaissance) ...
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...The First Crusades lasted from 1096-1099. The “Siege of Ma’rrat” occurred during the months of October to December in 1098. It was the most infamous event that occurred in the city of Ma’arrat al-Numa. The city is located in the northwestern part of Syria and is also referred to as Marrat al-Numaan. The Siege of Ma’rrat or Ma’arra (also known as the Massacre of Ma’arra) was led by two knights Bohemond of Taranto and Raymond de Saint Gilles. Their armies were called the “Crusaders” who were mostly French and Norman knights sent by Pope Urban II to conduct raids on the city of Ma’rrat and seize the Holy Land from the Muslims. The Crusaders built a siege tower which enabled them to seize the top of the walls of the city on December...
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...To what extent had the crusader states overcome their problems by the end of 1144? Having succeeded in taking Jerusalem in 1099 the crusaders’ problems were just beginning. Despite some turning back home, many stayed facing problems such as geographical situation, climate, unification under Zengi, internal divisions, military threats, lack of manpower and a different culture. However the period 1097 to late 1144 was, in general, a successful time for the Franks. They consolidated the achievements of the First Crusade and founded four fully viable Latin States, although the loss of Edessa to Zengi in December 1144 was a most serious setback. Two particular features stand out when reading contemporary narratives of this time. First, the huge energy and effort required to establish the Frankish hold on the Holy Land is immediately apparent. The need for almost ceaseless campaigning – against a series of enemies – and exhausting marches and counter – marches is striking; the energy of King Baldwin II is especially worthy of note. Secondly, there were only four appeals to the West for the crusades compared to at least fifteen for the period 1149 – 1186. This emphasises the Franks strength in this first phase of settlement and also reflects the relative weaknesses of their enemies. One of the main problems that the crusaders had to face up was the difficulty of terrain and climate as well as their new geographical location. The region settled by the crusaders, which soon...
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...The crusade notes By: Travis Finney Date: 4-8-13 Decline of Byzantium * Muslim saliqus won an important victory at manzikert in 1071. Byzantium factions then turned on each other in civil war allowing the saliqus almost free rein in Anatolia. * The Byzantium emperor asked Pope Urban 11 to help him against the Muslim’s. Pope Urban 11 * Urban’s speech would help launch the first of several crusades. Reasons for the crusades * The Pope hoped to unite the entire eastern Mediterranean and the divided Christian faith under the banner of the Latin Church. * Italy with large navies supported the crusades for commercial gains and trading routes. * The Byzantine Empire was in severe decline and no longer could act as a butler between the Muslim east and the Catholic west. * Christian pilgrims visiting the holy sites in Jerusalem began experiencing increased harassment and danger. The First Crusade * The word “Crusade” comes from the Spanish Crusade which means “marked with the cross” * The first Crusaders met the Muslim forces and won victories at Nicaea on June 19, 1097 and Anita on June 3, 1098. * By June 7, 1099 after a three year campaign 12,000 of the original 30,000 crusaders reached Jerusalem. * On July 15, the crusaders went over the city walls and unleashed unbridled carnage. Moslem counter attack * Most of all the crusaders returned to Europe after freeing Jerusalem creating a manpower shortage. * Moslem...
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...1. November, 1095 Pope Urban II calls the first Crusade In the town of Clermont ,central France, the Pope has called upon the knights of France. This was done in hopes that they would journey to the Holy Land and liberate the city of Jerusalem. He called on the knights in a response to a request from Emperor Alexios I who wanted to stop the invading Turks from Anatolia. 2. June, 1097 The Crusaders have taken Nicaea The Crusaders along with serfs, and peasants from the Christian world have taken the walled city of Nicaea from Kilij Arslan I, who is a Seljuk sultan. The Crusaders reached Constantinople then crossed into Asia Minor. Then advanced to Nicaea where they then took control of the city. 3. June, 1098 Crusaders just broke into Antioch...
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...The Crusades The Crusades was a war against the Moslems(Muslims) fought by the Christians. It started in November 1095 when the Byzantine Emperor, Alexius Commenus had sent a desperate appeal to defend Christianity against the Moslem enemy because the SeIjuk Turks, the dominant Moslem power, had conquered the Holy Land from the Christians and closed of the places made sacred by the life of Christ. Pope Blessed Urban II concluded a speech with words, “Men of God, men chosen and blessed among all, combine your forces! Take the road to the Holy Sepulcher assured of the imperishable glory that awaits you in God's kingdom. Let each one deny himself and take the Cross!” The assembly then rose with him and thus became the Crusaders. They adopted a red cross as there emblem and within ours no more red material remained in town because the knights had used it all to make the crosses that would be sewn onto their sleeves. The name Crusaders was given to them because of their emblem(crux the Latin word for cross). The Crusades were a just war which has been a controversial debate over time, but to prove it, in history the Christian nations in Europe were definitely not the aggressors. The Moslems had been the aggressors against the Christians since the seventh century. Their attacks on the Christians were still going on in the eleventh century. In 1071 the Turks had attacked and virtually annihilated the Byzantine army at Manzikert. It was this defeat that led the Byzantine Emperor...
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...‘The disunity of the Muslims was the main reason for the success of the first crusade’ Explain why you agree or disagree with this view Muslim disunity did contribute to the First Crusade success as it allowed the Christian side to fight against the odd numbers and win battles as the Muslims were in disarray. The disunity of the Muslims led to the victory at Dorylaeum in June 1097. Muslim disunity also led to the crusaders gaining Jerusalem and that the capture of Jerusalem was a success because of the conflict between Kilij Arslan and Danishmend in the city of Isfahan. By 1099 Christendom was in control of Jerusalem the ultimate reason for the First Crusade. The Muslim disunity was in leadership and in religion. The Muslim army did not trust the leadership and this made it easier for the crusaders to get them to betray their own people as they did not trust or like them. The Arab empire was too large for the leaders to rule effectively over it and was quickly dissolved; the first dynasty was founded in North Africa 777AD, this led to war lords diverting manpower that could have threatened the Christians invasion against themselves. This allowed the Crusaders to win and claim many areas like; Antioch October 1097 – June 1098. Also, Ridwan of Aleppo brought his army to aid the city when surrounded by the crusaders, only for it to be ambushed by them in February 1098, as the army of his brother Kerbogha of Mosul approached. There was disunity apparent within the siblings themselves...
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...reason for the success of the First Crusade?’ In 1099 the First Crusade had succeeded their objective and captured the Holy City of Jerusalem. The use of military leadership provided by key figures including Bohemond of Taranto, Raymond of Toulouse and Adhemar of Le Puy were considered a main reason for the crusaders success. Due to the failure of the First Wave it was considered by the Muslims that the crusaders will no longer be a threat to them. Strong Military leadership was a large part for as to why the First Crusade was such a success. Without strong leadership from Bohemond and Adhemar leading the troops, the Western forces would have most likely fallen apart and turned against one another and their Eastern allies. This was key during the Battle of Dorylaeum where the crusaders were confronted with a barbaric and alien type of warfare, this is where Bohemond showed his true light as a good leader as he was able to keep his forces disciplined and in check, longs enough for Godfrey of Bouillon and the other princes to come and help them. In the crusade Adhemar was always recognized as the spiritual leader of the crusade. He fought a crucial role in the Battle of Dorylaeum and was responsible for sustaining the morale during the Siege of Antioch by doing several religious rites include fasting and special observances of holy days. However it could be considered that good military tactics were a key reason for why the First Crusade was a success, as the core of...
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...The Crusades, while not usually successful, did drastically change societies and regimes throughout the Mediterranean. Between 1096 and 1291 Latin Europe undertook eight large scale military campaigns in attempt to win back the Holy Land, which had been under Muslim control since 639. These Crusades are unique in European history because they are the only wars to be formally sanctioned and blessed by the Pope. By 1096, many Europeans felt war against Islam was a just cause due to repeated popular attacks and state-run persecutions of Christians and Jews, lead by Islamic...
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