...FORMAL AND INFORMAL LETTERS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FORMAL | | INFORMAL | | | | | | | Name | | Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms DupuisDear Mary | | Hi/Hello MaryMary,....(or no name at all) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Previous contact | | Thank you for your e-mail of...Further to your last e-mail,...I apologise for not getting in contact with you before now. | | Thanks for your e-mail.Re your e-mail,...Sorry, I haven't written for ages, but I've been really busy. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Reason for writing | | I am writing in connection with...I am writing with regard to...In reply to your e-mail, here are...Your name was given to me by...We would like to point out that... | | Just a short note about...I'm writing about...Here's the...you wanted. I got your name from...Please note that... | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Giving information | | I'm writing to let you know that...We are able to confirm that...I am delighted to tell you that...We regret to inform you that... | | Just a note to say...We can confirm that...Good news!Unfortunately,... | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Attachments | | Please find attached my report.I'm sending you ... as a pdf file. | | I've attached...Here is the...you...
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...Formal and Informal Networks Within the System Kara Cook-Tate Walden University There are so many resources available for the human service worker and their clients. Having the knowledge about these resources is the determining factor of whether it’s going to make you or break you. You have to have set goals in mind. Dedicate the time it takes to research and network. Figure out what will and won’t work for each individual client. Some of the resources available will work for some but not necessarily for everyone. As I read through Chapter 8 in our text, I started to finally see a much bigger picture than what I was expecting. I know the job is going to be difficult within itself, but that’s exactly what I’m hoping for. When I’m not really interested in something, I get bored and lazy and start to procrastinate and not give it my all. School is a prime example. It’s tedious and I loathe it. I achieve the minimum just to get by. With this job, there are so many avenues to explore and discover. I’m also a busy body and love to stick my nose in other peoples’ business. This is why this is the perfect job for me. According to the CASA case study there are a lot of formal networks being utilized. Since CASA is a non-profit agency, let’s take a look at the top of the list for the formal networks. The agency has to get its funding from somewhere. So where should we turn to for that? There is state or federal funding, and then charity as in donations, fund-raising...
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...Formal and Informal English The difference between formal and informal English is not a difference between correct and incorrect, but a difference of what is known as register. A register is a variety of language related to a particular subject matter or area of activity, a set of words and expressions as well as syntactical features that may be said to characterise that specific area of language. There are many registers: technical, academic, mathematical, scientific, etc. Very broadly speaking, we can also speak of a “formal” and “informal” register in English. In writing academic reports and the like, it would be normal to draw most of the vocabulary and expressions from the formal register, and few, if any, from the informal. This entails avoiding colloquial (everyday) or slang expressions in your writing assignments. The question of register is far more complicated than indicated here; for example, there are many degrees of formality and informality. However, below are listed a few examples which may be of practical assistance.[1] Diffenetions of formal & informal: Formal language, even when spoken, is often associated with the conventions expected of written standard English. Formal English follow rules of grammar very strictly. Sentences tend to be longer and more complex. The vocabulary tends to be elevated, using big words and avoiding colloquial or slang vocabulary. It avoids split infinitives and prepositions at the end of sentences. Formal...
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...This research paper will help me explain what evolved trends formal organizations will likely have in the future. Since, the structure of formal organizations have a more conventional bureaucratic organizational they may profit in implementing a more flexible organizational structure. Some of the areas that I will investigate are: how formal organizations have evolved over the past century, the differences between formal and informal organizations, what are the current trends in formal organizations, and what are the characteristics needed for formal organizations to evolve. Formal Organizations Over The Past Century: Max Weber developed a typology of organizations from ancient China to modern industrial society, providing the foundation for the sociology of organizations. In particular, Weber was concerned with what he considered to be the most rational form of organization, the bureaucracy, and the authority embedded in it. Weber noted that bureaucracies, prior to industrialization, were large and efficient but were guided by the patrimonial culture and the ruling aristocracy. (In World of Sociology, 2001.) In past centuries formal organizations functioned under what is called conventional bureaucracy. The ideal typical model of Bureaucracy given by Max Weber is the milestone in understanding the functioning of modern government. The Weberian model categorically focuses on two dimensions (i)The Structural, relating to the hierarchical arrangement of positions...
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...| Evolution of Formal Organizations | Alfredo A. Garcia Jr. | | Nicole Taylor | 1/15/2012 | In this article the evolution of formal organizations will be explained as well as other areas such as the differences in today’s organizations compared to a century ago. Also explained in this article are the current trends in formal organizations and some of the characteristics needed to change in to a formal organization. Concluding this article will determine if an organization is likely to evolve in the future. | In today’s society there are three major types of formal organizations. Amitai Etzioni (1975) recognized the three types’ of organizations by the motives societies took part in them: normative organizations, utilitarian organizations, and coercive organizations. The normative organization is a type of formal organization that a person works for to accomplish a goal. The utilitarian organization is the most common of the three formal organizations because of the fact that the utilitarian organization is the type of formal organization someone works for in order to make living. The third type of formal organization is the coercive organization, which is the type of organization that has involuntary membership. Various organizations are discovering that it is easier to become a flexible organization. Within the past century formal organizations have been evolving...
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...The Evolution of Formal Organizations Sociology SOC/210 The Evolutions of Formal Organizations The interesting thing about formal organizations is that there is not just one kind of formal organization. Formal organizations arise out of and are necessary to informal organization; but when formal organizations come into operation, they create and require informal organizations (Barnard, C. I. 1962). There are actually three forms of formal organizations. The first type of organization is a normative organization. This organization can be joined voluntarily out of a common interest and to perhaps gain some form of prestige. Next we have the coercive formal organization. These types of organizations people are actually forced to join into the organization. We then have utilitarian organizations; these organizations are joined voluntarily and will provide the member with material rewards. Most formal organizations will have their own forms of rules and regulations that members will have to follow to continue within an organization. Formal organizations are known to be systems with activities that are very carefully controlled. The modern day formal organizations are still very much structures much in a manner that incorporates more members of that organization. Organizations remain driven by repetitive practices that have worked for the organizations for years and therefore are rarely changed. Organizations are very driven to be proven as legitimate and want to have longevity...
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...Evolution of Formal Organizations UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX Introduction to Sociology SOC 120 Pamella Robinson November 12, 2011 Evolution of Formal Organizations Most people require socialization to obtain the sense of fitting in with other people. For this reason social groups are sometimes constructed. This is not always the case however, because some social groups, such as families are established without effort. These social groups consist of at least two or more people who relate to each other and interact together on a personal level, which may last for years and are more intimate than formal groups. People within the social group “share experiences, loyalties, and interests” (Macionis, 2006, p. 110) in an informal or casual way. The group is connected by common beliefs, experiences, and emotions. These types of groups can be distinguished from each other by the level of interpersonal interactions of its members. Some informal groups may develop into formal groups through reorganization or a separation of some members who want to establish a separate organization. This spin off group may see inconsistencies in the goals of the home group. For instance, the original group may not have a leader and when leadership questions arise it may cause a rift among members. This type of inconsistency may cause problems that affect future decisions of the group (Gulati & Puranam, 2009). Formal organizations are large and work together for a common goal. These...
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...TABLE OF CONTENT NO. | CONTENT | PAGE | 1. | TASK 1Roles of Formal and Informal Group in The Organisation 1.1. Formal Group 1.2. Informal Group | 2 | 2. | TASK 2 Factors That Llead To An Effective Teamwork | 7 | 3. | TASK 3 Problems and Solution | 10 | 4. | TASK 4Latest Technologies That Can Implement By A Team | 13 | 5. | REFFERENCES | 16 | TASK 1 1.0. Roles of Formal and Informal Group in The Organisation According to the BusinessDictionary.com. group is defines as a collection of individuals who have regular contact and frequent interaction, mutual influence, common feeling of camaraderie, and who work together to achieve a common set of goal. Based on my understanding, group is a group of people that consist two or more people. This group is made have as they have goal that they want to achieve. 2.1. Formal Group Formal group is refer to group that created to achieve a specific organisation objective or goal and really concern about the coordination of the work activities (Pathak). Usually, formal group is created by the formal authority for some purpose. There are two type of formal group which are command group and task group. 2.2.1. Type Of Formal Group 2.2.2.1. Command Group Also known as the functional group which relatively permanent that have decide by the manager. The manager and the subordinates usually meet to discuss general problems and ask for opinion in improve their productivity...
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...Formal vs. Informal Communication Research finds that 70% of all organizational communication occurs at the grapevine level ( (Bauer, T., & Erdogan, B, 2013). To me “grapevine information” is not 100% valid since it arise from social interaction, it is as fickle, dynamic and varied as people are though it is very useful in supplementing formal channels. Nearly all of the information within the grapevine is undocumented and is thereby open to change and interpretation as it moves through the network. It often travels faster than formal channels. The grapevine is very useful in supplementing formal channels. It provides people with an outlet for their imaginations and apprehensions as well. It also helps satisfy a natural desire to know what is really going on. A communication may be 90% correct in details but that last 10% is often the most important part of the message (Mishra, 2013). Messages from the grapevine are often lacking in all the details so that the message is subject to misinterpretation; while the grapevine generally carries the truth it seldom carries the whole truth. Managers should accept the fact and decide how they can use it to their own benefit since they are inevitable Every organization has a formal communication system. This formal system provides information regarding the organization to the employees through different media. The formal network, made up of memos, reports, staff-meetings, department meetings, conferences, company newsletters...
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...Formal System Development Methodologies Carissa Robinson Grayson June 6, 2010 Formal systems development methodologies, also sometimes referred to as Formal Methods, are used to model systems using mathematics. By using mathematics to model a complex system, properties of the system can be verified without empirical testing. (Collins) Formal systems development methodologies are different from other design systems through formal verification, the principles are proven correct before they are accepted. Traditional design systems have been used to verify behavior but testing is capable of only finite conclusions. (Collins) Formal design is usually a three step process. * Step one is when the engineer decides how a system will be using a modeling language. This step is similar to the formal software engineering technique developed by many others. This step helps the engineer to define their problems, goals and solutions. * Step two is the step that deals with verification. Formal methods put a huge emphasis on provability and correctness. Verification is difficult because even the simplest system has at least a dozen theorems that which all must be proven. * Step three is the implementation step. Once the model has been verified, the implementation must then be converting into code. (Collins) There are two important benefits of formal methods. The benefits would be discipline and precision. In formal systems, an engineer is required to think...
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...Word Count: 306 Writing 95 Mary Crow Dog: Civilize them with a Stick Mary Crow Dog, the Author of, Civilize them with a Stick, writes of the trauma young Indian children endured in mission school. Crow Dog tells of how these young children are taken away from their family and homes at a very young age, to be educated by “the white man”, and the abuse they endure. The day would start at Five a.m. for Crow Dog and the other children. It would begin with prayer followed by breakfast, chores then study. If the children were spotted not praying properly or chatting while doing chores, they would get “swats”. Crow Dog tells the “swats” were given by one of the nuns with a board wrapped with tape and not just one or two swats but many. A lot of the children including Crow Dog herself, had tried to run away to escape the abuse, but they were eventually caught and brought back only to endure more physical abuse. The mission had gotten a new priest to teach English. One day the priest has asked a young boy a question. The boy answered to question correctly but had mispronounced the word. The priest kept after his to pronounce it correct. Crow Dog stuck up for the boy and this got her in trouble. The priest made her stay after class, he grabbed her arm, pushed her against the blackboard. She had had enough; she gave in a bloody nose. The priest and Crow Dog had to meet with Sister Bernard and it was at this moment Crow Dog quit...
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...CIS 510 WK 3 CASE STUDY 1 ESTABLISHING A FORMAL SYSTEMS To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/cis-510-wk-3-case-study-1-establishing-a-formal-systems/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM CIS 510 WK 3 CASE STUDY 1 ESTABLISHING A FORMAL SYSTEMS CIS 510 WK 3 Case Study 1 - Establishing a Formal Systems Development Process Brian and Carrie are systems analysts with many years of systems development experience at a large firm. Jane has recently been hired as the company’s first-ever process manager. She has been reviewing the company’s past practices of systems development with the intent of trying to establish a formal systems development process for the company. Brian has been a long-time proponent of the waterfall approach to systems development. Carrie has been a big proponent of the iterative/incremental development approach. Both are known to be very opinionated on the tools and techniques that should be used for systems development projects and both are lobbying Jane very hard to adopt their preferred techniques. Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you: 1. Describe how Jane should deal with the two (2) system analysts from a technical and human resource perspective. 2. Explain the factors that Jane should consider in establishing a process management solution. 3. Assuming you have two (2) promising tools and techniques, suggest three (3) or more ways you can foster a team environment when one analyst does not get his...
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...Peanut Butter and Jelly Sandwich Formal Report Table of Contents Introduction 3 Instruction 4 Ingredients 6 Process Report 7 Conclusion 9 Introduction This demonstration is to inform the nutrition staff, and patients in Hillary Hoffman’s Nursing Home Care how to prepare a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. Peanut butter and jelly sandwiches are a very simple snack; this is known to be one of the United States most eaten past time meal. This demonstration will allow each individual to share their experience, and learn from others the steps they take in making their own peanut butter and jelly sandwich. When making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich everyone does make this sandwich with their own personal touch, and ingredient of their choice and that is what makes it a fun sandwich. By performing this demonstration it will allow everyone to participate in assisting in a simple meal preparation that is quick and easy for one and all. This will allow the staff to interact with the patients, and also having the patients feel like they can still do something for themselves. Instruction Step 1 On one side of the table place your plate, knife, spoon, and some napkins Open both your peanut butter, and jelly jar, place them beside your utensils. Put the two slices of bread on the plate. stand close to the table, pull up your plate close to you, take the knife in one hand, and the peanut butter jar in the other...
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...better after the fact. Aggressive communicators have a selfish approach to interaction, generally having little regard for the opinions or feelings of others. They use criticism and ridicule and achieve goals at the expense of others. They tend to blame anyone but themselves for things that don't suit them. Assertive communicators display self-confidence, show a genuine interest in problem-solving and have the ability to listen to all sides of a story. They have the ability to confront conflict in a positive and mutually beneficial manner. They can say the right thing at the right time and are direct and honest. The two type of communications are formal and informal communication. Formal communication is prefined by the organization’s reporting structure and chain of command. There are three types of formal communications: upward, downward, and horizontal. The upward communication provides feedback from nomanagement employees to management . Downward communication generally moves from...
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...The Art of Writing Business Letters Write letter in a manner such as to secure the respect and consideration of the person with whom you correspond. The rules for the mechanical execution of a letter are few; understanding and observing the rules already considered for composition, the writer has only to study perfect naturalness of expression, to write a letter well. [pic][pic] Variously missing from their letters are headings, dates, inside addresses, salutations and complimentary closings. And the forms are disheveled. Frankly, in terms of form, often I am unable to distinguish any discernible differences between letters written by students, their teachers and by many other professionals. Apparently, for many, the art of writing a standard business letter has been lost. What are considered essential elements for a standard business letter. Know the format. Whatever the content of your letter, visually it should resemble the picture below. Note that business letters are composed in common fonts such as Arial or Times New Roman, and that they are justified to the left. Most employ block paragraphing - i.e., to start a new paragraph, hit "return" twice and don't use an indent. [pic] [pic] Letterhead. Include the sender's company and the company address; if you're self-employed or an independent contractor, add your name either in place of the company name or on top of it. If your company has pre-designed letterhead, use this; otherwise, simply typing the...
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