... THE FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN EVOLVING WI-FI: TECHNOLOGIES, APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES Sumant Ku Mohapatra, Ramya Ranjan Choudhury, Pravanjan Das Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Trident Academy of Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India ABSTRACT New research directions will lead to fundamental changes in the design of future WiFi networks. However, with an explosion of wireless mobile applications and services, there are still some challenges on the spectrum crisis and high energy consumption. Wireless system designers have been facing the continuously increasing demand for high data rates and spectrum sharing required by new wireless applications and therefore have started research on future WiFi wireless technologies that are expected to be deployed beyond 2020. In this article we propose WiFi key technologies and there prospective: WiFi CERTIFIEDTM ac and Wi Fi CERTIFIED passpointTM . Also represent super WiFi such as WiGig solution, White Fi, HetNets and Cognitive Fi. Future applications and services facing these potential technologies are also discussed. KEYWORDS WiFi, Super WiFi, HetNets, IEEE standards, Cognitive WiFi,WiGig 1. INTRODUCTION WiFi is surrounding us. What technologies will define future WiFi ? Will key technologies related to WiFi creates road map towards its future or emerging super WiFi technologies extends? This paper focuses on new development alternatives that creates wireless access solutions means future of WiFi. WI-FI KEY TECHNOLOGIES...
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...The Evolution of Wi-Fi Charles Williams Albert Acuna ISSC340 American Military University Abstract From the creation of the IEEE standard in 1997 to current times Wi-Fi has evolved dramatically over the years. An idea to provide connectivity to devices with the absence of cables was adopted globally. Each year brings about new ways of utilizing wireless technology. This study aims to cover Wi-Fi from inception to present day and prospects for the future. The Evolution of Wi-Fi What exactly is Wi-Fi? A popular misconception is that Wi-Fi stands for “wireless fidelity”, however, it can be described as, a technology that uses radio waves to provide internet and network connectivity. The Wi-Fi Alliance, a non-profit organization founded by six companies in 1999, defines Wi-Fi simply as “connectivity”, connectivity in a way that provides freedom and the ability to move about without being tethered by cables, or stuck at a workstation. Wi-Fi symbolizes the ability to transfer data from one source to the next via a wireless link. Any product that houses the radio technology 802.11, a standard that has received widespread adoption, is considered a wireless device. The standard was developed in 1997. Fathers of Wi-Fi With any popular invention or supposed novel idea controversy seems to always linger in the background. When we think of the printing press we think of Johannes Gutenberg, however roots of printing with movable type can be traced back 350 years before...
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...Technology and Social Change TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL CHANGE Introduction Social change is any change that occurs in nature, social institutions, behavior and relations of people (Mutekwe, 2012). Social change is also change in the organization of the society and particularly in the practices and beliefs of people. All societies go through change, whether significant or subtle. For example, public opinion on abortion, smoking, divorce and homosexuality have changed in the last fifty years. Macro scale changes affect primary social institutions like family, politics and religion. Micro-scale changes, on the other hand, shape people’s attitudes, values, and beliefs. Sources of change include the media, environmental pressures, dramatic events and technological innovations. Technology, on the other hand, is an object, a method, or an invention that alters the social environment of people and extends their natural abilities (Rosa, Yee, Sweeney, & Dator, 2013). Technology and social change are inseparable. As mentioned above, technology is one of the major factors that create changes in the society. Technology improves on some aspects of human qualities. Hence, a significant tool for social change. For example, the wheel enables human beings to go to places where their feet would never reach. Positive impact of technology on society Technology has resulted in many positive impacts on the society. Computers, for example, have brought enormous changes in medicine, the workplace...
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...want for school or go all the way to the next big city and stand in line to pay for tickets for a concert that is literally two months away from now? But is everything we do in this advance world safe? Keeping up with the Future I have done some research on the similarities and differences between wired and wireless networks. I have learned what it takes to set up a network and some of the challenges of using the networks. I have also realized how much the wireless network has grown in the past 5 years. Ethernet vs. Wireless in todays’ World Ethernet would be referred to as your wired home network or your land line. The wireless network would be most commonly addressed as a Wi-Fi network system. Both the Ethernet and Wi-Fi connect you to internet services. However; the Ethernet service is much faster than the Wi-Fi service of speeds more than 1000 Mbps. The cost of the Ethernet network is much more expensive than the Wi-Fi because you have the coaxial cables that have to be installed all around the networks as opposed to Wi-Fi which is very easy to set up and the cost of setting up is very low. There are some pros and cons to having one connection over the other. The pros in Ethernet are more reliable, faster connection and transfers data at super speeds. On the other hand the pro of wireless network gives you more freedom to be mobile with no cables to connect even though its speed is a bit slower than...
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...People who engage with a brand through multiple digital channels buy as much as four to eight times more as those who simply interact with retailers through one channel,” according to Maginus digital marketing executive Amanda Mulquiney. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS: While retailers may consider showrooming to be a threat, the power of in-store Wi-Fi and displays shouldn’t be underestimated. M&S’s free next-day-delivery-to-store proposition has supported 54 percent of the orders placed or collected in-store since launch. What began as a marketing gag generated engagement about the Bloomingdales brand’s use of cool technology to create excitement about the Super Bowl. If that is the case, doesn't it make sense for retailers to use digital in-store, providing the types of devices with which omnichannel shoppers are already used to interacting with? While retailers may consider showrooming to be a threat, the power of in-store Wi-Fi and displays to enable consumers to access product information, reviews, and prices shouldn’t be underestimated. Let’s look at three examples of retailers innovating with digital technology to improve their in-store experience and drive engagement and sales. Marks & Spencer’s Digital Flagship Department Stores: M&S has been providing more ways to access products, including the introduction of new browse-and-order points, large digital screens that play catwalk videos to showcase products, and virtual makeover counters with facial recognition technology...
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...Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. Company Background 3. Vision & Mission 4. Micro & Macro – product related 5. KSF 6. SWOT 7. Strategic Thrust 8. Strategic options 9. Recommend Strategy – medium term 10. Strategic Marketing Mix – 4ps – Action Plan (Box) 11. Managing and developing strategic direction e.g. performance measures, control etc. 12. References Executive Summary Company Background Apple Inc. is an American corporation that designs and manufactures computer hardware, software and other consumer electronics. The company is best known for their Macintosh personal computer line, Mac OS X, extremely loyal user-base, iTunes media application and the iPod personal music player. The company headquarters is in Cupertino, California, CEO and co-founder is Steve Jobs and the company boasts 284 retail locations spanning 10 different countries. Apple was established on April 1st, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne to sell the Apple I personal computer kit. Steve Jobs was said to own 45% of the company, Steve Wozniak with 45% and Wayne with the remaining 10%. While Jobs and Wozniak were young with little to no assets, Ronald Wayne was older with personal assets and was scared to put these at risk. This resulted in Wayne selling his share of the company back to Jobs and Wozniak for a reported 800$. Today Wayne’s share of the company would be worth over 3 billion dollars. Apple has developed a unique reputation in the consumer electronics...
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...in November 2010. It took the expertise and technology of its partner NTT DOCOMO and got a favourable advantage in the market. In the case of Task Interdependence it follows the Intensive Technology model which is based on reciprocal tasks. Each person and department in the firm is dependent on each other for the smooth functioning of operations. Wi-Fi Hot Spots Tata Teleservices Ltd. plans to set up 4,000 Wi-Fi hot spots across 9 cities in the country due to the yearly doubling of Smartphone devices over the past few years. It plans to make all 4,000 hot spots operational by the end of February 2016. Since April, 2014 over 1000 hot spots have been set up countrywide. These Wi-Fi services are different from the consumer oriented dongle service under the Tata Photon brand. The services provided are carried to the end customer on the company's existing fibre networks along with those if Tata Communications Ltd. Major locations where one might find these services are T3 international airport terminal in New Delhi, Wankhede cricket stadium in Mumbai, and Domestic Airport in Kolkata. They offer the customer access to a super fast Internet Connection and also a suite of Value Added Services like Global Roaming, Net Telephony, Entertainment, Educational and Business services. Tata Docomo has the distinction of being the only member of the Wireless Broadband...
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...Industry Analysis: Li-Fi T able of Contents Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................ 2 Table of Tables ............................................................................................................................. 2 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction................................................................................................................................. 4 Li -Fi Technology Assumption ..................................................................................................... 4 Report Scope ............................................................................................................................ 4 Report Structure ....................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 1 UK Broadband Industry.................................................................................................. 6 Current Technologies ................................................................................................................ 6 Current Market & Key Competitors ............................................................................................ 7 Future Market ...................................................
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...SEMENAR TOPIC 3G&4G TECHNOLOGY [pic] SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY R.V.S.Nagar, chittoor - 517127 Presented by: ASLAM BASHA. S, 07781A0407. Abstract: T his paper provides an insight into 4G technology. 4G is the next generation of wireless networks. 4G is a conceptual framework for a discussion point to address future needs of a universal high speed wireless network that will interface with wire line backbone network seamlessly. 4G technology provides the download speed for mobile internet connections. It provides motivation for 4G researches before 3G has not been deployed. It is impossible to predict technology developments and the evolution of latest at present. In wireless communication, mobile technology is advanced and in this system 4G is the latest at present. One of the key objectives is to follow an evolutionary path from the current 3G technologies to 4G. So that it can interoperate with the existing mobile systems by using advanced system integration technologies. Generations of evolution of 4G are cleared explained. 4G is an evolutionary path for advancing the 3G mobile technology. 4G is also represents the hope and ideas of a group of researchers. Culture and customer needs. 4G in principle will allow high-quality smooth video transmission. ...
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...Cellular Networks Small Cells are low-powered radio access nodes that operate in licensed and unlicensed spectrum that have a range of 10 meter to 200 meters, compared to a mobile Macrocell which might have a range of a few kilometres. With mobile operators struggling to support the growth in mobile data traffic, many are using Mobile data offloading as a more efficient use of radio spectrum. Small cells are a vital element to 3G data off-loading, and many mobile network operators see small cells as vital to managing LTE Advanced spectrum more efficiently compared to using just macrocells. Small cells can be used to provide in-building and outdoor wireless service. Mobile operators use small cells to extend their service coverage and/or increase network capacity. With small cells, mobile operators can offload traffic as much as 80% during peak times. Small cells cover Femtocells, Picocells, and Microcells. Small cell networks can also be realized by means of distributed radio technology consisting of centralized baseband units and remote radio heads. Beamforming technology (focusing a radio signal on a very specific area) can be utilized to further enhance or focus small cell coverage. A common factor in all these approaches to small cells is that they are centrally managed by mobile network operators. Small cells provide a small radio footprint, which can range from 10 meters within urban and in-building locations to 2 km for a rural location. Picocells and microcells...
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...Starbucks Corporation: A Strategy Recommendation Elizabeth Joyner Capella University I. Introduction and History of Starbucks It all began in 1971 in a small storefront in Seattle, Washington’s Pike Place Market. This was the site of the very first Starbucks store where unlike how the store is set up now it was merely a roaster and retailer of whole bean coffee and teas. Ten years later in 1982, Howard Schultz joins the company as the director of retail operations and marketing. To further immerse himself into the coffee world he travels to Italy in 1983 and subsequently falls in love with the coffee bar experience. The following year, the very first Café Latte is served in downtown Seattle. In 1985 Schultz founds Il Giornale, a business that offers brewed coffees and espresso drinks made from Starbucks brand coffee beans. Two years after the founding of Il Giornale, Howard Schultz acquires the assets of Starbucks and changes the name of Il Giornale to Starbucks Corporation and opens up 17 Starbucks stores including stores in Chicago and Vancouver, Canada. The statement, “Our Mission: to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time” (Starbucks Corporation), the popular coffee chain became what it is today. II. History of the Internet and Social Media While Howard Schultz and the “big wigs” of the Starbucks Corporation are watering the new coffeehouse idea and growing Starbucks into the conglomerate that...
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...IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 8, Issue 5, No 3, September 2011 ISSN (Online): 1694-0814 www.IJCSI.org 256 Comparative Study of 3G and 4G in Mobile Technology K. Kumaravel Assistant Professor Dept. of Computer Science, Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, India – 641 048 Abstract—Mobile communication is one of the hottest areas and it is developing extremely fast in present times, thanks to the advances of technology in all the fields of mobile and wireless communications. Nowadays the use of 3G mobile communication systems seem to be the standard, while 4G stands for the next generation of wireless and mobile communications. This comparative study between 3G & 4G tells about the background and the vision for the 4G. We first present a review on the development history, characteristics, status of mobile communication and related 3G - 4G perspectives. An overall 4G framework features, having the basic keys (diversity and adaptability) of the three targets (terminals, networks, and applications). We present it in both external and internal diversity of each target to illustrate the causes and solutions of the adaptability feature. Then, the 4G domain of each feature in the framework is discussed from technical point, showing techniques and possible research issues for sufficient support of adaptability. At the end, a summary on 4G visions and some of the issues this new technology may face. Keywords: OFDM, HSPA, LTE, MIMO, MC-CDMA, WCDMA...
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...It is no secret that high schools in America need to change to better prepare their students. What changes can improve schools for the current and future generations? What ideas are groundbreaking enough to make a substantial difference with the current school system? How can we identify the students that need the most help? Greg Toppo’s article "New Effort seeks 'Audacious' Ideas to Remake USA Highschool" introduces the XQ super school project. The creators behind the XQ project are promoting a challenge to create new school ideas to move high schools into the right direction. The sponsors of the project are promising a total of ten million dollars to help fund the winning ideas. My concept for a new school model is a technology based...
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...Financial Impact of Streaming Video on Traditional Television TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 3 INTRODUCTION 3 Background 6 Traditional Television 4 Television advertising 7 Sub-heading 2 10 Streaming Video 11 Netflix, Roku 12 Net Neutrality 13 Today’s Consumer 19 Viewers by Age Group 20 No-TV homes CONCLUSION 8 WORKS CITED or Bibliography 9 ABSTRACT The introduction of the internet has changed our lives. It has changed the way we communicate. It has given us the ability to choose the way we consume media. One way the internet has changed our options in this regard is streaming video. Gone are the days of racing home to catch your favorite television show at a certain time. Now we can watch them when we want to and in real time using streaming video. People can now view media via computers, iphones, ipads, etc. The number of people viewing traditional television sets is on the decline. Advertising dollars that historically supported broadcast networks are on the decline. The changes in technology have challenged the traditional television industry in many ways. INTRODUCTION Television has been big business since its inception in the 1950’s. It allowed people to view amazing new technology for the first time. People went from listening to the radio sitting around a fireplace to watching a television set. This huge change affected almost everyone at the time. Television and the way we...
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...The Four Categories of Computers Anthony Johnson ITM 5000 Information Technology Management Ms. Brenda K. Britt 04 October 2011 The Four Categories of Computers Today computers are divided into four categories Super computers, Mainframe computers, Mini computers and Micro-computers more commonly known as a personal computer. Personal computer categories include desktop, network, laptop, and handheld. A super computer is the fastest computer mostly used by scientist and engineers who work with huge amounts of data usually on more than one central processing unit (CPU) working simultaneously. Supercomputers have the ability to store huge amounts of data and the capability to deliver very fast input/output of information. The military branches, Universities, and science research facilities use the super computers mostly. Scientific computing is the ability of a CPU to accomplish huge mathematical computations at an extremely fast rate this created the demand for the super computer. Extremely large mathematical computations are processes most needed in fields such as physics, mechanical engineering, meteorology, and aerodynamics. A common technique is to compute an approximate numerical solution to a set of partial differential equations which mathematically describe the physical process of interest but are too complex to be solved by formal mathematical methods. (McGraw-Hill, 2005) Personal computers have a single processor. The supercomputers have thousands of...
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