...Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) and Narrowing the Development Gap (NDG) Narrowing the Development Gap Narrowing the Development Gap in ASEAN refers to reducing various forms of disparities among and within Member States where some pockets of underdevelopment persist. Measures in the ASEAN Political Security, Socio-Cultural and Economic Community Blueprints are targeted at policy reforms for narrowing the development divide to foster regional cooperation, greater social and economic integration, consistent with the objective of building an ASEAN Community in 2015. Initiative for ASEAN Integration The ASEAN Heads of State at their Summit in 2000 launched the Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) with the objectives of Narrowing the Development Gap (NDG) and accelerating economic integration of the newer members of ASEAN, namely Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Viet Nam (CLMV). IAI Work Plans The efforts to narrow the development gap will be driven mainly by the IAI Work Plan (IAI-WP). The six-year IAI-Work Plans have been developed to assist the CLMV countries as well as ASEAN's other sub-regions to ensure that the economic wheels of their economies move at an accelerated pace. The first phase of the Work Plan covered the years 2002 to 2008. The current Work Plan (IAI-WP II) is based on key programme areas in the three Blueprints for the ASEAN Community: ASEAN Political-Security Community Blueprint, ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint and ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Issues The meaning of Open Sky in the ASEAN must be determined. For the purposes of this Report, it is taken to refer to a situation of extensive liberalisation within the ASEAN region. It concentrates on the international links between members of ASEAN, and is not so concerned with domestic cabotage. The report does not focus on beyond rights, or on 5th freedom operations of non-ASEAN airlines within the region, though it recognises that these can have an impact on Open Sky arrangements. The rationale for Open Sky is taken to be to promote competition in the airline industry, and to give all airlines from ASEAN the scope to compete on intra ASEAN routes. Open Sky will also give airlines extra flexibility over their route development. Issues which need to be considered include: How well Open Sky will work in ASEAN? Will markets be competitive enough? Will there be shifts in hub location? Will anti competitive strategies affect operation? And will there be instability in the industry? 2. Experience of Open Skies Elsewhere There are many Open Skies bilateral agreements, and a few regional agreements. Few regional Open Skies agreements have led to substantial liberalisation or integration. The exception is Europe - Open Skies in Europe has meant the formation of a single aviation market. Significantly, this arrangement did not come about as a result of countries negotiating an open skies agreement - rather it was imposed on them by a central...
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...Background of Thailand revenue based and the recession Thailand was known as the best country for tourisms. But there were some problems which are the causes of the recession in the tourism. The main cause is the political issue. Nowadays Thailand was separated to be 2 sides, yellow shirt and red shirt which have the conflict need and satisfaction in the political view. Both of them did harm things which affect the trust of Thai people. They are all fear of going out from their house in the time when the protestors come out and try to ask for their demands. For the tourisms, this cause is obviously for them to see that Thailand does not have the political stability. Then it is going to be harder for the tourisms to travel to Thailand because they will not think that Thailand is the nice country anymore and this cause will also decrease their trust of the safety. Analyzing the PEST of Thailand Political: The King of Thailand has little direct power under the constitution but is a symbol of national identity and unity. King Bhumibol — who has been on the throne since 1946 — commands enormous popular respect and moral authority, which he has used on occasion to resolve political crises that have threatened national stability. The politics of Thailand currently takes place in a framework of a constitutional monarchy, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government and a hereditary monarch is head of state. Executive power is currently exercised by a military junta...
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...Executive Summary One of recently formed regional groups was the ASEAN (Association of SouthEast Asian Nations) that comprises of 10 nations together. Together they are performing an important part in the global economy. With their increasing growth and continued togetherness the ASEAN’s presence is being recognized on the world map. East Asia is proving to be one of the world’s highly dynamic and fastest growing regions. These export driven economies are vast and hence required to develop an understanding of their model of business operation. My report gives information on the history on formation and emphasizes on the trading and integration between these ten economies that are members that forms the ASEAN to bring about a common platform in terms of fields like trading, manufacturing, finance and so on. The purpose of the report is to evaluate ASEAN’s formation and to view the possible favorable and unfavorable conditions. The different factors, the benefits of the integration and its limitations are described in the report below. With respect to my findings and details in the report through different sources on the internet, I feel that the formation ASEAN has benefited these countries and in turn helped them to make their mark in the global market place that is day by day becoming cost oriented. Introduction A regional integration is a method where in different states put into place an agreement to help develop cooperation through regional rules and institutions. The...
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...ABSTRACT The ASEAN regional integration visualizes the conversion of economies in Southeast Asia into a unified market and manufacturing base by promoting the unobstructed flow of goods and services. It signifies better chances of more market entries, lesser input costs, lower discharge expenditures, greater inflows of foreign investments, and wider options for quality commodities and services at reasonable prices. This research examines issues as to whether the benefits outweigh the costs of trade liberalization, its impacts on national economic growth, and the Philippines’ preparedness to overcome the impediments posed by the integration. Overall, the outcomes of the interviews show that the Philippines is not yet fully adapted to aligning domestic benchmarks with international standards although it has accomplished vital progress in certain sectors. The study also reveals that member affiliates and the Philippine economy can reap the benefits of the liberalization so long as they prevail upon their commitments to forge ahead with achieving the goals of the ASEAN Economic Community. Elimination of cross-border taxes, compliance with harmonized regulatory policies, and leaders’ steadfastness to attain the goals of the integration are the key factors for the success of the liberalization. Since the research deals more on the qualitative aspects, the authors recommend more statistical data gathering and in-depth quantitative analysis to obtain a more accurate gauge of the overall...
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...This document may not be fully accessible. For an accessible version, please visit http://www.international.gc.ca/commerce/strategy-strategie/r3.aspx Overview of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Updated June 2012 The Canadian Trade Commissioner Service presents a Global Commerce Strategy Priority Market The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 1 —Brunei Darussalam, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam—makes up one of the world’s fastest growing economic regions. In December 2008, ASEAN’s Charter came into force, granting ASEAN status as an international legal entity. With an estimated combined gross domestic product (GDP) of $2.1 trillion and a combined population of about 609 million people, ASEAN is a regional economic force that is quickly becoming the free trade hub of Asia. It has concluded free trade agreements with China, India, Japan, Korea, and Australia/New Zealand, has completed a Trade and Investment Framework Arrangement with the United States, and is in the process of pursuing several other trade and investment agreements. The ASEANChina FTA, which came into force in 2010, represents one of the largest free-trade zones in the world, with an estimated 2.0 billion consumers. ASEAN is also pursuing further internal integration with the establishment an Economic Community (target date 2015), which would harmonize trade laws and permit the free movement of goods, services, labour, and capital...
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...China-ASEAN Economic Relations: Development And Future Challenge. Abstract: In recent 15 years, The development of China-ASEAN trade and economic relations has of great significance, not only for both sides but also for the whole East-Asia region. This paper to discuss the latter that is regional implications of 15 years’ development of China-ASEAN trade and economic relations and find the problem and challenge in China-ASEAN trade relations, as well as provide some further consideration for both sides’ trade and economic relations. Introduction Since the economic reforms and open-door policy of1978-79, China's economy has been growing rapidly and more particularly since 1990 when growth has averaged 10% a year. China's external trade has been growing at an even faster rate of 15% a year since 1990, and it has also annually drawing from the lessons of the financial contagion of 1997. Economic links between ASEAN and China through trade, investments and tourism have prospered throughout the 1990s. Perhaps, equally important, China's maintenance of the value of the renminbi (RMB) during the economic crisis of 1997, served as a regional anchor preventing what could possibly have been successive rounds of competitive devaluations. This clearly prevented the crisis from becoming more acute for ASEAN countries and yet this put China’s own exports at risk, as much cheaper goods from the crisis-plagued region competed with Chinese goods. Another important milestone that contributed...
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...of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the GMS5 countries (GMS countries minus Yunnan province in China) and China entered into the ASEAN China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA). Under the ACFTA, each country is obligated to implement gradual tariff reductions for the exports of ACFTA partners. As a result of the commitments made in the ACFTA, tariff rates of Chinese exports to GMS5 countries have been lowered, as have been the tariff rates for exports from GMS5 countries to China. An analysis of trade flows before and after the ACFTA has shown that trade between China and the GMS5 countries has increased significantly since the signing of the ACFTA, in particular for goods whose tariff rates were reduced under the ACFTA. A similar trend can be observed in the trade relationship between China and Cambodia, although some Cambodian exports eligible for lower tariffs have seen relatively slow growth due to difficulties faced by exporters in meeting China’s import standards for agricultural products such as cassava, live animals and fish. These findings suggest that the ACFTA has been a significant driver of the rapid expansion of trade between the GMS5 countries and China, at least for products that do not have to comply with extensive health and food safety standards. Relative First, China is a huge and dynamic economy, and its growing demand for goods and services from ASEAN could serve as a new engine of growth. ASEAN looks to China as its future primary export market for energy...
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...factors that have assisted in the development of tourism within Singapore and the elements of Leiper’s (1990) Basic Whole Tourist System. I will also discuss the roles the Singapore Tourism Board (STB) undertake to develop Singapore as a destination. Singapore is a unique city that attracts various tourists from young to old, appealing to all generations and interests. The city is dynamic with various cultures, cuisine, art and architecture. “A Single day’s trails will take you from the past to the future, from a colourful ethnic enclave to an efficient business centre, from serene gardens to sleek skyscrapers.” (http://www.stb.com.sg). Singapore is truly a city like no other, a world of possibilities. Its warm and friendly people make tourists feel welcome along with its state of the art infrastructure. With Singapore being a stop over point on long haul flights to Asia or Australia from Europe or the Americas, the tourism within Singapore has been increasing as the flights have been increasing. Many airlines now offer special package deals on stop over holidays in Singapore. In 1964 Singapore’s Tourist Promotion Board was established with the mandate to promote Singapore as a tourist destination. That year they began working with a small staff strength of twenty five workers, that year they welcomed 91,000 visitors to Singapore. During the 1980’s the implementation of $1 billion Tourism Product Development Plan, which called for the...
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...official name until 1989; the country’s name was the officially changed by the military government that reigned in 1988. Rangoon is the commercial capital and the largest city, and the administrative capital is Naypyidaw. Concerning with relationship of Myanmar and the largest local organization, ASEAN, Myanmar was stamped with its admission to join as one member state of ASEAN community in 1997. Considered the resource both natural and human capacities, Myanmar, the late-emerged country in the region, anticipated its advantages stemming from joining in ASEAN. Following the participation in the ASEAN community and with the establishment of AFTA agreement signed on 28 January 1992 in Singapore, Myanmar oversights its opportunities in development through the link of commercial trading which allows the free flow of trade, labor and information. However, although the precise advantages retrieved from the ASEAN membership is seen from its current stance, Myanmar also faces with mixed challenges and opportunities in the whole progressive pace of development, particularly with the relation in AFTA. This research is designed with some objectives. By looking at the present situation and in the near future situation of Myanmar economic and trading; it is very necessary to considered about it. And we want to find out and analyze on the 1 Myanmar economic and trading whether it is the right time or not for...
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...VIETNAM TOURISM MARKETING STRATEGY TO 2020 & ACTION PLAN: 2013-2015 (PROPOSED) Executive Summary Developed by: European Union funded Environmentally & Socially Responsible Tourism (ESRT) Capacity Development Programme Vietnam Tourism Marketing Strategy To 2020 & Action Plan: 2013-2015 (Proposed) Executive Summary Page 1 © 2013 Environmentally and Socially Responsible Tourism Capacity Development Programme This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union funded Environmentally and Socially Responsible Tourism Capacity Development Programme (ESRT). The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of the ESRT programme and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. The European Union and ESRT do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accept no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of our reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ESRT and the EU do not intend to make any judgements as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ESRT and the EU encourage printing or copying exclusively for personal and non-commercial use with proper acknowledgement of ESRT and the EU. Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works for commercial purposes without the express, written consent of ESRT and the EU. Environmentally...
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...Regional Perspectives on ASEAN - the United States Enhanced Partnership By Endra Introduction The signing of the ASEAN declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand marked the establishment of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). As the regional organization, the top priority of ASEAN is to accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region. Later on other countries in the region also joined this organization as follows; Brunei Darussalam in 1984, Vietnam in 1995, Laos and Myanmar (Burma) in 1997, and Cambodia in 1999. The ten-member organization is enhancing partnership, not only nations in the region, but also outside the region, especially with the United States (US). The relationship between ASEAN and the US has entered its fourth decade of partnership. Since the first engagement in 1977, both sides have experienced the ups and down of partnership. This relationship will become more significant as it broadens the sectors of partnership in the future. Initially, starting with economic and development cooperation, the enhanced relationships, with cooperation on politic, regional security, counter terrorism and transnational crimes, has achieved a new era of “comprehensive partnership.” For the next decade, regional development in Asia Pacific will require the partnership to become more comprehensive. Several key issues in the region...
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...ILS Discussion Paper Series 2012 ASEAN 2015: Implications of People Mobility and Services Mary Grace L. Riguer Working Paper Series 2012 For Discussion Purposes Only ASEAN 2015: IMPLICATIONS OF PEOPLE MOBILITY AND SERVICES Mary Grace L. Riguer The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the opinion of the Institute for Labor Studies and the Department of Labor and Employment. Abstract This paper examines the readiness of Philippines for worker mobility within the region of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). It focuses on the implications of the impending establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community by 2015 as specifically governed by rules and regional commitments on free flow services, mutual recognition of qualifications and skills, movement of natural persons, and movement of skilled labor. 1 I. INTRODUCTION It is 2016 Filipinos can freely move for work anywhere in the nine (9) countries that comprise the Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN. Indonesians, Malaysians, Singaporeans, Bruneians, Myanmar, Cambodians, Vietnamese, Laotians can also do the same in the Philippines. Just the previous year, in 2015, the ASEAN Economic Community, as envisioned by ASEAN leaders in 2007, formally came to being, ushering in a region with a single market and production base characterized by free flow of goods, free flow of services, free flow of investment, freer flow of capital, and free flow...
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...Philippines University College of International Tourism and Hospitality Management RESEARCH PROPOSAL |(Working)/Title: | |Department of Tourism website: Its attraction to tourists | |Name of Proponent(s) |Academic Year | | |2014 – 2015 | |Regienald D. Palma | | |Maria Leiela R. Sacote |Semester | |Hasmin S. Salik |Second Semester | |Statement of the Problem/Objectives of the Study | | | |1. To identify the attraction of Department of Tourism website in tourists and how to encourage tourists...
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...Sorawit Limparangsri Thailand’s Brand Image Brand Studies and Research Center, University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce Doing Business in Creative Economy with the Growing Impact of AEC: ASEAN Economic Community Waralak V. Siricharoen, Nattanun Siricharoen Organizational Preparation for the Asean Economic Community Associate Professor Thongtippha Viriyapan THAI SKILLED LABOR AND THE AEC An Analysis of “Competitive Potential of Skilled Labor in the Service Sector Free Opening under the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)” Contents June-August 2012 3 4 9 16 Editor's Memo Arbitration in Thailand 04 14 Thailand’s Brand Image 16 Doing Business in Creative Economy with the Growing Impact of AEC: ASEAN Economic Community 21 Organizational Preparation for the Asean Economic Community 2 www.facebook.com/ThailandEcoReview Thai Skilled Labor And the AEC An Analysis of “Competitive Potential of Skilled Labor in the Service Sector Free Opening under the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)” 09 21 Editor's Memo “Seven Thai Professionals … How They Will Compete When We Enter the AEC?” In a relatively short time, Thailand will have a free flow labor with the other ASEAN member countries. The ten nations of ASEAN have prepared the Mutual Recognition Arrangements (MRA), which specify the basic qualifications for seven groups of professionals to work freely in each other’s countries. These groups are Engineering...
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