...Education Green Barriers and China’s Agricultural Product Export: Is There Any Relationship? Mudiarasan Kuppusamy1 & Behrooz Gharleghi1,2 1 Faculty of Business and Management, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 Centre for the Study of the Economics of Ageing (CSEA), Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Correspondence: Behrooz Gharleghi, Faculty of Business and Management, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, TPM, 57000, Bukit Jail, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel: 60-19-615-3515. E-mail: behrooz@apu.edu.my Received: April 4, 2014 Accepted: May 30, 2014 doi:10.5539/ass.v10n16p34 Online Published: July 24, 2014 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n16p34 Abstract As an agricultural country, the export of China's agricultural products are often suffered the restrictions from the green barriers. The positive green barriers can regulate the agricultural production in China, and promote the agricultural development and international trade; on the other hand, the negative green barriers would increase the cost of trade, trade friction, and prevent the development of international trade. So the research of influence of green barriers on China’s agricultural products is very realistic. According to the influence of green barriers on China’s agricultural exports, the corresponding countermeasures can be made to deal with the green barriers and improvement...
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...本科毕业设计(论文) 外文翻译（附外文原文） 学 院： 信息科学与工程学院 课题名称： 电子密码锁设计 专业(方向)： 电子信息科学与技术 班 级： 电信科技08-1班 学 生： 朱 日 科 指导教师： 陈 飞 日 期： 2012年5月10日 原 文 Hardware description language In electronics, a hardware description language or HDL is any language from a class of computer languages, specification languages, or modeling languages for formal description and design of electronic circuits, and most commonly, digital logic. It can describe the circuit's operation, its design and organization, and tests to verify its operation by means of simulation.[citation needed] HDLs are standard text-based expressions of the spatial and temporal structure and behaviour of electronic systems. Like concurrent programming languages, HDL syntax and semantics include explicit notation for expressing concurrency. However, in contrast to most software programming languages, HDLs also include an explicit notion of time, which is a primary attribute of hardware. Languages whose only characteristic is to express circuit connectivity between a hierarchy of blocks are properly classified as netlist languages used on electric computer-aided design (CAD). HDLs are used to write executable specifications for hardware. A program designed to implement the underlying semantics of the language statements and simulate the progress of time provides the hardware designer with the ability...
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...Shaorui Heavy Industries Co., LTD Shaorui Heavy Industries Co., Ltd was established in 1992 in Shaoguan City, one of the heavy industrial towns in Guangdong province of China. The company always adheres to the business philosophy of “Creating Customer Value With our Quality Focus" and has developed from a private enterprise into a professional mining machinery manufacturer, engaged in R&D, processing, manufacturing, sales and after-sales service. Shaorui occupies a land area of 150,000 square meters. It owns factory facility, private owned branch chain factories, 18 offices nationwide, 3 representative offices overseas and more than 850 staff members employed nation wide. The company is CE, BV and ISO9001:2008 certified. Last Updated: Apr. 2015 Shaorui has been part of Metso since 2012. Product Display Jaw Crusher Cone Crusher Impact Crusher Rough and Medium Crushing for all kinds of stones and ores For hard stones and ores crushing Applied to road building and construction debris recycling. Single Cylinder Hydraulic Cone Crusher For hard stones and ores crushing Ball Mill For ores, glass and ceramics grinding Product Display Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher For sand making and output shaping Vibrating Screen Feeder Belt Conveyor For size separating of stones and ores To feed material to crusher Conveying work for mining, metallurgy and coal Movable Crushing Station Fast installation and ...
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...Textile and garment industry has been China's major exports, but in recent years, international trade to environmental protection, security and sustainable development focusing on green trade barriers so that many textile exporters suffered great loss. As a result, the developed countries to understanding the green trade barriers to China's textile and garment industry brought about by the impact, and taking appropriate measures to effectively across the textile apparel industry, green trade barriers, has become the government and enterprises that need to be solved. 纺织服装行业一直是我国的出口创汇大户，但是近年来，国际贸易中以环保安全和可持续发展为焦点的绿色贸易壁垒使国内许多纺织品服装出口企业遭遇了巨大的损失。因此，了解发达国家的绿色贸易壁垒给我国纺织服装行业所带来的影响，并采取相应的对策，有效地跨越有关纺织服装行业的绿色贸易壁垒，己成为我国政府和企业急待解决的问题。 As the end of the Uruguay Round and the establishment of the WTO, The development of trade liberalization makes international trade competition more intense, trade protectionism trend to rise. then, the Green Trade Barriers was produced in the late 1980s, and began to rise from 90s in many countries. In fact, under the label of the environmental protection, the Green Trade Barriers has triggered a lot of problems. Many fields of China have been, or are being affected by these strategies. One of these impacts is its impact on China’s Textiles and Garment Exports. 随着乌拉圭回合谈判的结束及世界贸易组织的确立，自由贸易的发展使得国际贸易竞争越来越激烈，贸易保护主义呈现上升趋势。随后在20世纪80年代后期便制定了绿色贸易壁垒条款，从90年代开始很多国家都在实施。实际上，在环境保护的标签之下，绿色贸易壁垒已经引发了很多问题，中国的许多领域都已经或者正在被这些绿色贸易条款影响着,其中就包括对中国纺织品服装出口企业这一领域的影响。 After World War...
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...imported products. ... Cooperative trade relations between the United States and China are important to the global community because the economies of each country are dependent on the rest of the world and the global economy will be harmed by protectionist measures from the first and third largest trading powers. ... Moreover, multilateral negotiations, as opposed to bilateral trade negotiations, are better suited to resolve the United States-China trade disputes because the disputes affect other WTO members in ways beyond the immediate economic impact. ... The most effective way to combat the rapid escalation and retaliatory nature of the disputes is to conduct multilateral negotiations that will preserve the WTO's goal of reducing trade barriers, avoid the adversarial nature of WTO litigation, and allow the countries to negotiate the underlying political tensions that are driving the disputes. TEXT: [*403] I. Introduction China and the United States have waged an ongoing legal battle over trade policies since 2006,...
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...resource intensive industries, this exports pattern causes a serious environmental problem in China. Green barriers become a kind of emerging non-tariff barrier which is used for the developed countries to protect their production and economic development in recent years. The main forms of green barriers include green tariff and market access, green packaging and labeling requirements, green technology standards, Green health inspection system, environmental costs and green subsidy system (China west products, 2011). China’s agricultural, mechanical and electrical products are all facing green barriers, such as pollution, noise, safety standards and recycling requirements (Wang & Liu, 2007). How to cope with green barriers becomes the biggest challenge that China faces to continuously expand its exports. The purpose of this paper is to address and analyze the green barrier issue in China and to provide my ideas and suggestions on China’s exports related to green barrier. My following analysis is mainly based on the positive effects of green barriers and the specific example of China’s tea exports as well as three policies to cope with green barriers. I feel confident that you will strongly support my recommendations for Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China. Analysis of green barriers There are no accurate and clear definitions of green barriers in international agreements. Normally, it means a developed country protect limited resources, ecological...
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...resource intensive industries, this exports pattern causes a serious environmental problem in China. Green barriers become a kind of emerging non-tariff barrier which is used for the developed countries to protect their production and economic development in recent years. The main forms of green barriers include green tariff and market access, green packaging and labeling requirements, green technology standards, Green health inspection system, environmental costs and green subsidy system (China west products, 2011). China’s agricultural, mechanical and electrical products are all facing green barriers, such as pollution, noise, safety standards and recycling requirements (Wang & Liu, 2007). How to cope with green barriers becomes the biggest challenge that China faces to continuously expand its exports. The purpose of this paper is to address and analyze the green barrier issue in China and to provide my ideas and suggestions on China’s exports related to green barrier. My following analysis is mainly based on the positive effects of green barriers and the specific example of China’s tea exports as well as three policies to cope with green barriers. I feel confident that you will strongly support my recommendations for Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China. Analysis of green barriers There are no accurate and clear definitions of green barriers in international agreements. Normally, it means a developed country protect limited resources, ecological...
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...Countermeasures of Environmental barriers to trade Abstract This article is based on the environmental impact of trade barriers on exports of Kunshan , Kunshan itself from the status quo and environmental barriers , the impact of trade barriers on environmental analytical Kunshan export trade , and to identify deficiencies in the export trade in Kunshan, the existence and future improvements place , starting from the multi- negative study . Scroll through the large number of documents , the use of all means, way deep to express their views . With the rise of China 's economic strength , located in the coastal Kunshan export trade continues to develop, the subject also requires constant exploration and research. Globalization of the world economy in the 21st century is no change has become a major trend of the export trade is vital for a country , Kunshan whom are more dependent on exports without a good environment , it is difficult to achieve sustainable and healthy economy growth. For better development of foreign trade , we must make good use of their advantages in Kunshan actively adjust strategic objectives, the time to deal with a variety of environmental barriers to trade on . As the first national hundred Kunshan county-level cities , the main goal is to continue to raise the amount of foreign trade in order to have a better development Keywords: Environment, Trade barrier...
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...non-tariff barrier named ‘green trade barrier’ in the international trade area. Green barrier is a special trade barrier with strict environmental standards and other environmental requirements as its main content. With the worsening of environment, many countries pay more attention to the environmental protection. However, according to the economic levels of different countries, great differences exist in environment standards of these countries which have resulted in the appearance of green trade barrier as trade protection. It is just like some former trade protectionism policies and influences the international trade greatly. With the fast development of international economy, the developed countries, in order to protect national market and consumer, are adopting various kinds of green trade barrier constantly in the trade of agricultural products. These kinds of method have already had serious impact on agricultural products trade of our country. By far, the markets of our agricultural products have mainly located in the developed countries and some new industrial countries and territories. In China, the trade of agricultural products, such as the trade of garden products, aquaculture, and livestock products, got balance in general. Those products rely on the environment and are easy to be rejected by the green trade barrier of developed countries. In recent years, it has been often reported that our exporters have sustained losses due to green trade barrier. Therefore...
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...Discussion on Strategies in Overcoming National or Industrial Marketing Barriers Table of Contents Introduction 3 1.1 Research context 3 1.2 Research aim & objectives 4 1.3 Research questions 4 1.4 Significance of the research 4 1.5 Structure of the dissertation 5 Literature review 6 2.1 Concept of marketing barrier 6 2.2 Concept and nature of green barriers 7 2.3 Influences of trade green barriers to international marketing 8 2.4 Reasons of encountering green marketing barriers 9 2.5 Strategies of overcoming national and industrial marketing & green barriers 10 Methodology 12 3.1 Justification of research method 12 3.2 Documentary analysis method 12 3.3 Case study analysis method 13 3.4 Ethical consideration in research methods 13 Conclusion 14 Introduction 1.1 Research context The sustainable development of social economy has become the world focus. With intensification of economic globalization and trade liberalization, the national and industrial barriers as the protection methods have been reduced. The major trade partners such as Europe, the US, Japan, Singapore have made stricter requirements and standards for market entry and imports. This has given rise to the product of marketing barriers or green barriers. In the meantime, the dependence on foreign trade and on the international market has strengthened the competition of different industries. Thus, the companies should construct the marketing strategies catering...
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...Journal of Economic Surveys, 2006, 11: 24-25. Green Barriers Trade and its Influences on China's Foreign Trade Thomas J. Sargent ABSTRACT In recent years, green consumption has become a main trend of the consumption in many developed countries and these countries began to make strict standards to restrict the entry of foreign products below their standards of environmental protection. Key words：Green Barriers; products; Trade In recent years, green consumption has become a main trend of the consumption in many developed countries and these countries began to make strict standards to restrict the entry of foreign products below their standards of environmental protection. These regulations have many unfavorable influences on the export of developing countries and are generally known as "Green Barriers to trade". In accordance with the provisions of the Agreement on Green Barriers to Trade of WTO, "Green Barriers to Trade" is defined as the compulsory and arbitrary Green regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures of the importing countries in the name of the protection of human health and environment that actually form barriers to trade with an aim to protect its home market and domestic products. 1. Analysis on the causes of formation of "Green Trade Barriers" Firstly, the worsening of ecology is the major reason for "Green Barriers". With the development of industry and technology, the economy increases...
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...decide which goods consumers’ need and that is what is produced. Centrally planned capitalism is similar to centrally planned socialism in that the government or state determines what goods are to be produced, but allows private companies to produce them. Sweden is an example of centrally planned capitalism due to two-thirds of businesses being owned by the government, the remaining companies produce what is perceived to be needed. Market socialism differs from the other economic systems in that it is complete and self-regulating; production is communally owned and operated with profits being divided among workers. Vietnam used this system for a brief time with products being made and sold collectively by private companies (Keegan & Green, 2011). 2. The BRIC countries are identified as Brazil, Russia, India and China. BRIC countries are considered the fastest growing economies with tremendous opportunities. Select one of these four countries. Using the seven criteria...
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...accommodate them, Boomtown has to build in one of three locations: Green Hill, Delta Marsh and Seaside Cliff. Boomtown has decided to build in Seaside cliff, as the facts and opinions of experts show it has the most advantages and the least tradeoffs. According to the ecologists, the houses built on the Seaside Cliff will last for a long while for the reason that the soil there is compact, sturdy, and highly erosion resistant. This means that the structures erected here will last for a hundred or more years. However, building on the cliff means that the plants, vegetation, and animals that live in the area will have to be removed. However, the animals could be relocated quickly because of their sparse population and the plants and vegetation could be replanted after construction. Most economists know and agree that the houses on the cliff will be spendy and expensive because of the easy beach access and great view of the bay. Since the houses will be spendy, it will help Boomtown’s economy and government grow, giving the town the money to prosper. However, this...
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...Impact of WTO on Globalization Trade Policy Introduction World Trade Organization (WTO), found in 1995 and headquarters is in Geneva, has its clearly main purposes since its beginning that to promote economic and trade development all over the world. Up to the end of 2008, there are more than 135 members in the organization. In particularly, with the expansion of globalization trade, international business is more often than any time in the history. As one of the most crucial carrier of economic globalization, WTO establishes a set of international trade rules focusing on the liberalization, which play a strong role of encouraging and guiding in the process of economic globalization (Pauwelyn, 2005). This essay will mainly discuss WTO’s influence on the rules of globalization trade in combination with the current reform of trade policy. It will explain the topic from the following four aspects in detail: first, the basic rules WTO set up for the international trade, then, rules on e-commerce, the new rising global business, third, the preferential rules made by WTO for developing countries, and at last, it will discuss the impacts of WTO’s regulations on environmental issues when doing global trade. Basic Rules WTO set up for the Global Trade WTO's main objective is to provide adequate competitive opportunities for the trade among the members, which needs recognized common rules and principles for members to abide. There are two basic principles, namely the MFN principle (referred...
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...The Great Gatsby a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald is set in New York during the roaring twenties. A man named Nick Carraway move to New York in West Egg of Long Island. West Egg is a society for people that earn their wealth and East Egg is for people that had their wealth passed down for generations. Nick goes to East Egg to visit his cousin Daisy Buchanan who is married to Tom Buchanan, the wealthiest man in East Egg. When Nick returns home he sees his neighbor, Jay Gatsby, a new money multi millionaire. Gatsby seems to be reaching out for something looking across the bay that separates West egg and East egg. Gatsby sends Nick an invitation to his party so he can ask Nick to invite Daisy for tea. When Daisy come over for tea, Gatsby shows his...
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