...INTRODUCTION Bangladesh has a very limited stock of known mineral resources (only natural gas is being extracted commercially), and the economy is heavily dependent on small-scale agriculture. Agriculture accounts for about 40 per cent of Bangladesh's GDP and about 60 per cent of employment. Landless small farmers and as well as urban informal groups constitute 50 per cent of Bangladesh's population. Fifty three per cent of rural population are virtually landless and the result of that a very large percentage of urban population live in slums. For example 30 per cent of the population (about 2 million) in Dhaka live in more than 1500 slums and squatter settlements, where density of settlements is over 6178 persons per hectare and per capita living space available is lower than one square meter. The structural conditions of the shelters are one of the worst in the world. The settlements live without open space, streets, water, gas and electricity, water, sanitation and sewerage facilities. Since these settlements are illegal the Government or International Aid Agencies have hardly any project to improve living quality of the poorest population of the country. Like many other cities of the developing countries the population of Dhaka city increased by almost 200 per cent in seven years (1974-81) due to the increasing developments of landless peasants. The present economic development increasingly widens the gap between the poor and the rich. The limited agricultural land...
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...It prevents photodegradation of certain vitamins such as Riboflavin, Carotenoids, Tocopherol, and Folate. It is a powerful free body scavenger and antioxidants, as it ligates the toxic metal ions with its carboxylate and phenolic hydroxyl group and sequester their effects, protecting the rest of the cells. It prevents the UV and high-frequency visible light to pass into the eyes and facilitates the clear visions. Neuromelanins in the substantia nigra of brain protects neurons by chelating metals and xenobiotics.Deficiency of this neuromelanin in brain results in PARKINSONISM. So Melanin is really divine for human life, isn't it?? Well, we can agree with this statement but as we know The more perfect a thing is the more susceptible to good and bad the treatment it...
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...TIPS Find an aloe-vera plant in your vicinity. Now, just break a leaf, break it into two and use the extract or the juice mixed with natural rose water for best skin protection from tanning and clogging. This also helps to overcome the skin allergies, rashes and itching. • Potatoes are one of the ancient remedies to strip the skin from dead cells. Some nutrients from this common vegetable can break down the grease inside the skin pores, this way enhancing the efficient elimination. • In fact all you have to do is place a slice of it on the whitehead and leave it on for a few minutes, you can then rinse off the area with tepid water. The effect of the treatment will resemble that of an exfoliation when the pores are freed from the clogging agents. • Apples have almost the same banishing power over whiteheads as tomatoes. However in order to have a smashing effect crush the apples and mix them with 3 tbs of honey. Make a fine paste of it and apply it to your face or only the affected area. • Leave it on for 5-10 minutes then rinse it off with lukewarm water. The two ingredients will complete • each other increasing the effect of the facial to eliminate the harmful toxins from the pores. • Milk is another ingredient that can be found in almost all households. Whiteheads as well as blackheads can be efficiently treated with this treatment. • Grab a medium sized bowl and add 50 ml of raw milk then add 2 tsp of lemon juice and finally a pinch of salt. • It is important...
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...in the Tanning sector industry CLEANER within the mediterranean region production Regional Activity Centre for Cleaner Production (RAC/CP) Mediterranean Action Plan Ministry of the Environment Spain Autonomous Government of Catalonia Ministry of the Environment Centre for Cleaner Production Initiatives Pollution Prevention Opportunities in the Tanning Sector Industry within the Mediterranean Region Note: This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form of educational and non-profit purposes without special permission from the Regional Activity Centre for Cleaner Production (RAC/CP), provided acknowledgement of the source is made. RAC/CP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this material as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purposes whatsoever without prior permission in writing from RAC/CP. If you consider that some part of this study could be improved or there is any lack of precision, we would appreciate if you could notify it to us. Study finished on January 2000 Study published on October 2000 Additional copies or information could be requested to: Regional Activity Centre for Cleaner Production (RAC/CP) C/ París, 184 – 3ª planta 08036 Barcelona (Spain) Tf. (+34) 93 415 11 12 - Fax (+34) 93 237 02 86 e-mail: cleanpro@cema-sa.org Web page: http://www.cema-sa.org Page 1 of 162 Pollution Prevention Opportunities in the Tanning Sector Industry...
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...epidermis formed by cell division at its base. New cells continually move towards the surface. As they move they gradually die and become flattened. Corneocytes - the flattened dead keratinocytes that together make up the very outer layer of the epidermis is called the stratum corneum or horny layer. This protective layer is continually worn away or shed. Melanocytes – produce the pigment melanin that protects against UV radiation and gives skin its colour. The dermis is the inner layer that includes the following: Sweat glands – produce sweat that travels via sweat ducts to openings in the epidermis called pores. They play a role in temperature regulation. Hair follicles – are pits in which hairs grow. Hairs also play a role in temperature regulation. Sebaceous glands – produce sebum (an oil) to keep hairs free from dust and bacteria. Sebum and sweat make up the ‘surface film’. The subcutaneous layer under the dermis is made up of connective tissue and fat (a good insulator). Functions of the skin Provides a protective barrier against...
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...Pageants In today’s society, being beautiful is very important to women and many little girls. Beauty pageants are a major source of entertainment for little girls. Beauty pageants have been around a long time, setting a trend in thee American’s society. Children as young as two months old are being entered into the world of beauty pageants. While the beauty pageant industry continues to grow, the controversy surrounding the effects and harms these pageants can have on the contestants has also grown. Children are entered in to these competitions for a variety of reasons. Maybe some of the potential prizes awarded to the winners tempt many parents to get their children involved in these events. There are many risk factors that may take effect in some children, like developing eating disorders and having mental health problems. This not only takes their innocence away, but also makes them likely to develop several mental and emotional imbalances later in life. The glitter and glitz of the glamorous life with its elegant dresses, elaborate hair-dos, sparkling tiaras, heavy make-up, and the deafening applause is short-lived. These fairy tales fades away into a nightmares that can leave these children with a notion of a world that is not as they had dreamed it to be. The benefits which come from most of these pageants are tiaras, trophies and large scholarships. Many of the top prizes for these pageants are college scholarships. These young participants also have to...
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...Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of DigitalCollections@SIT. For more information, please contact digitalcollections@sit.edu. FAIR AND LOVELY: STANDARDS OF BEAUTY, GLOBALIZATION, AND THE MODERN INDIAN WOMAN Rebecca Gelles Academic Director: Tara Dhakal ISP Advisor: Pramada Menon, independent lecturer School for International Training India Sustainable Development and Social Change Program Fall 2011 Gelles 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………..2 Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………2 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..2 Traditional Indian Beauty…………………………………………………………………………7 The Modern Indian Woman……………………………………………………………………...11 Skin………………………………………………………………………………………………12 Hair………………………………………………………………………………………………15 Figure…………………………………………………………………………………………….18 Clothing………………………………………………………………………………………….21 Societal...
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...Shefali Pillai Madam who has been very cooperative. I am also very grateful to Mr. Amol Ranadive sir and Mr. Hitesh Bhatia sir for giving me guidance whenever I required completing this research project. INTRODUCTION Garnieris a mass market cosmetics brand ofL’Oreal that produces hair care and skin careproducts. The company started as Laboratoires Garnier in 1904, and was acquired by L’Oreal in the 1970s. Current product lines include Fructis shampoos and conditioners, and Nutrisse hair colour. Garnier is sold in numerous countries worldwide, with specific product lines targeted for different skin types and cultures. In 2011, Garnier partnered with TerraCycle to promote up cycling of product containers and the introduction of biodegradable products. GARNIER VISION For garnier, beauty is within us all. Every one possesses its own natural beauty and everyone has the power to make that beauty shine through. For garnier the aim of beauty is happiness and felling at ease with other. The Garnier Story Garnier’s history of innovation began with its first product. In 1904, Alfred Garnier began marketing a hair tonic when most people of the time still used soap to wash their hair. In 1936, his company,...
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...NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE The Evolution of Human Skin Color by Annie Prud’homme-Généreux Life Sciences Quest University, Canada Part I – Skin Cancer “Stop it!” called Tatiana, playfully. Her boyfriend, Zach, was inspecting her skin very carefully. “Look,” he answered her, his voice taking on a more serious tone. “Today a woman walked into the clinic for her annual physical. Everything about her seemed fine. She leads a balanced lifestyle, she eats well, she exercises: she’s healthy! But as she was about to leave, I noticed a mole on her arm. It had many of the warning signs of skin cancer. So, I removed the mole. This woman now has to wait for the lab results to see if it was cancerous. If it is, maybe we caught it early enough to treat it, and maybe not. Either way, her life is changed. I just want to make sure you don’t have any suspicious moles, okay?” Tatiana relented and allowed Zach to examine her skin. She asked: “Do only white people get skin cancer?” “No, people of all skin tone can get skin cancer, but it does occur more frequently in Caucasians.” Questions 1. What are the causes of skin cancer? 2. Why are Caucasians more at risk of skin cancer than other populations? 3. At what age does skin cancer typically occur? Is the incidence of skin cancer greater in youth or old age? “The Evolution of Human Skin Color” by Annie Prud’homme-Généreux Page 1 NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Part II – Skin Pigmentation...
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...Consumer purchase intention for organic personal care products Hee Yeon Kim and Jae-Eun Chung Department of Consumer Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA Abstract Purpose – Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to examine the effects of consumer values and past experiences on consumer purchase intention of organic personal care products, this study aims to consider further the moderating effect of perceived behavioral control on the attitudeintention relationship. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was conducted with 207 online panel members, and multiple regression analysis was used to test the relationships among the variables. Findings – The results indicate that environmental consciousness and appearance consciousness positively influence attitude toward buying organic personal care products. The addition of past experiences as a predictor of purchase intention and perceived behavioral control as a moderator of the attitude-purchase intention relationship yielded an improvement on the TPB model. Practical implications – This study suggests that retailers can develop effective marketing strategies emphasizing ecological beauty, product safety, and affordable prices to increase consumers’ intentions to buy organic personal care products. Originality/value – This study provides valuable insight into US consumer behavior regarding organic personal care products by examining the factors that influence consumers’ attitudes toward buying organic...
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...Does Beauty Have a Cost? The Ecological Footprint of the Cosmetics Industry Alexandra Noelle Penny Brown University 2008 Environmental Studies Senior Thesis May 8, 2008 1 Acknowledgements To Caroline Karp, my thesis advisor and primary reader, for her boundless suggestions, ideas, encouragement, and support as I attempted to creatively apply a structured environmental policy analysis to a new problem. To Catherine Goodall, Amit Sheth, and ShaSha at Environmental Packaging International for introducing me to the subject of packaging, guiding me carefully through various analytical techniques, and sparking my interest in redesigning consumerism. To Dave Murray and Joe Orchardo for their assistance running the spectrometer analyses in the Environmental Chemistry Lab as well as their vast patience and willingness to answer my many questions. To Daniela Quilliam and Bill Dundulis at the Rhode Island Department of Health for their honesty in answering my pointed questions and insights into government regulations when funding is a challenge. To my sister, Elena, for her endless patience and support, and especially for her late-night company in the Science Library Friedman Study Center. To my father, Luther, for advising me to work on my thesis early in the year, advice I listened to carefully, agreed with, but never quite followed through. To my mother, Joanne, for never doubting my ability to achieve goals that are seemingly out of reach...
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...Executive Summary - November 2007 A Study of the European Cosmetics Industry Executive Summary Prepared for: European Commission, Directorate General for Enterprise and Industry Prepared by: Global Insight, Inc. November 2007 Executive Summary - November 2007 Contact Information Emilio Rossi Managing Director Business Planning Solutions, Europe Global Insight, (Italy) srl. Via S. Maria Segreta 6 20123 Milan +3902 8648 130 emilio.rossi@globalinsight.com Antonia Prlic Principal 1 Adelaide Street East Suite 2505, P.O. Box 198 Toronto, Ontario, M5C 2V9 Canada +1 416 682-7312 antonia.prlic@globalinsight.com Robert Hoffman Senior Consultant 1 Adelaide Street East Suite 2505, P.O. Box 198 Toronto, Ontario, M5C 2V9 Canada +1 416 682-7311 robert.hoffman@globalinsight.com Executive Summary - November 2007 I. Broad Market Study An overview of the broad cosmetics industry (also referred to as the cosmetics and toiletries (C&T) industry) in the EU, Japan, China, and the U.S. reveals that Europe's market size is almost as large as the U.S. and Japan combined, due to its large population. In 2006, the U.S. cosmetics market was €38.2 billion, while Japan's was €23.7 billion and China's €8.2 billion. The total EU27 cosmetics market was valued at €63.5 billion in 2006. Among the EU countries, Germany has the largest cosmetics market, valued at €11.7 billion, followed by France (€10.4 billion), the U.K. (€10 billion), Italy (€8.8 billion)...
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...Executive Summary - November 2007 A Study of the European Cosmetics Industry Executive Summary Prepared for: European Commission, Directorate General for Enterprise and Industry Prepared by: Global Insight, Inc. November 2007 Executive Summary - November 2007 Contact Information Emilio Rossi Managing Director Business Planning Solutions, Europe Global Insight, (Italy) srl. Via S. Maria Segreta 6 20123 Milan +3902 8648 130 emilio.rossi@globalinsight.com Antonia Prlic Principal 1 Adelaide Street East Suite 2505, P.O. Box 198 Toronto, Ontario, M5C 2V9 Canada +1 416 682-7312 antonia.prlic@globalinsight.com Robert Hoffman Senior Consultant 1 Adelaide Street East Suite 2505, P.O. Box 198 Toronto, Ontario, M5C 2V9 Canada +1 416 682-7311 robert.hoffman@globalinsight.com Executive Summary - November 2007 I. Broad Market Study An overview of the broad cosmetics industry (also referred to as the cosmetics and toiletries (C&T) industry) in the EU, Japan, China, and the U.S. reveals that Europe's market size is almost as large as the U.S. and Japan combined, due to its large population. In 2006, the U.S. cosmetics market was €38.2 billion, while Japan's was €23.7 billion and China's €8.2 billion. The total EU27 cosmetics market was valued at €63.5 billion in 2006. Among the EU countries, Germany has the largest cosmetics market, valued at €11.7 billion, followed by France (€10.4 billion), the U.K. (€10 billion), Italy (€8.8 billion), and Spain (€7.4 billion). Europe...
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...Unit 303, Outcome 2, Skin & Hair The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a total area of about 20 square feet. The skin protects us from microbes and the elements, helps regulate body temperature, and permits the sensations of touch, heat, and cold. Skin has three layers: * The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. * The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands. * The deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is made of fat and connective tissue. The skin’s colour is created by special cells called melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin. Melanocytes are located in the epidermis. http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/picture-of-the-skin Functions of the Skin The main functions of the skin include: * Protection of the human body * Sensation i.e. transmitting to the brain information about surroundings * Temperature regulation * Immunity i.e. the role of the skin within the immune system * Enables movement and growth without injury * Excretion from the body of certain types of waste materials * Endocrine function e.g. re. Vitamin D Function of the Skin | Example(s) | How does the skin perform this function? What is/are the mechanism(s) ? | 1. Protection | Of the body from: * ultraviolet (UV) radiation e.g. sun damage * dehydration * microorganisms e.g. bacterial invasion...
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...Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea Lecture Outline Overview • Every day we observe heritable variations (such as brown, green, or blue eyes) among individuals in a population. • These traits are transmitted from parents to offspring. • One possible explanation for heredity is a “blending” hypothesis. ° This hypothesis proposes that genetic material contributed by each parent mixes in a manner analogous to the way blue and yellow paints blend to make green. ° With blending inheritance, a freely mating population will eventually give rise to a uniform population of individuals. ° Everyday observations and the results of breeding experiments tell us that heritable traits do not blend to become uniform. • An alternative model, “particulate” inheritance, proposes that parents pass on discrete heritable units, genes, that retain their separate identities in offspring. ° Genes can be sorted and passed on, generation after generation, in undiluted form. • Modern genetics began in an abbey garden, where a monk named Gregor Mendel documented a particulate mechanism of inheritance. A. Gregor Mendel’s Discoveries 1. Mendel brought an experimental and quantitative approach to genetics. • Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity by breeding garden peas in carefully planned experiments. • Mendel grew up on a small farm in what is today the Czech Republic. • In 1843, Mendel entered an Augustinian monastery. • He...
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