Premium Essay

The Harvard Method

In:

Submitted By nooreen
Words 571
Pages 3
The Harvard Method
The Harvard method is the most well-known/general method of referencing. The author and the date of publication form the core of this method. The Humanities, Education, Theology, Natural Sciences, Engineering and Economic Sciences use this method. The advantage of this method is that it does not influence your reference list when you make changes to the text, as the reference list is sorted alphabetically according to the authors’ surnames or the titles of the publications (in cases where no author is available).
Van Dyk & Coetzee, 2009: 9

Tips
Organisation
➢ Make sure that your bibliography is strictly alphabetical. Don’t create separate lists for books, journals and electronic sources; all of the references should appear in one alphabetically organised list.
➢ If you use two different texts published by the same author during one year, you need to distinguish between these sources by placing an alphabetical letter next to the year of publication. For example:
• Van Wyk 2012a
• Van Wyk 2012b
• Van Wyk 2012c
➢ Each in text reference must be listed in the bibliography.
Layout
➢ All punctuation marks used for the Harvard method has a specific function and cannot be used interchangeably.
➢ If the year of publication is unknown you need to use the abbreviation n.d. which stands for no date.
General
➢ Not all electronic sources are reliable; websites that end with a .com is usually not very reliable. Sites that end with .edu or .org usually give very reliable information.
➢ Google and Yahoo! are search engines, they are not references. You use these sites to search for other websites that contain the information you need. How to reference a book with one author
In text reference

Roberts (2012: 83) describes Portsmouth Football Club as a successful Premier League team who did not attract much attention or excitement from

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Operational Difference Between Mcdonald's and Burger King

...Differences Between McDonald’s & Burger King McDonalds (McD’s) and Burger King (BK) are key players in the fast food industry and have been competing for many years. They both provide similar food that is prepared quickly for a low price. So what sets them apart? The difference between McD’s and BK is their corporate culture – operational management. The manufacturing method at McD’s follows the “Doing It All For You” versus “Having It Your Way” at BK. The “Made to Stock” strategy at McDonald’s depends on an inventory of products, with great emphasis on the standard sized patties, which are made prior to processing a customer order. This means that when a sale is made and food delivered to the customer, the products in the order come from “the bin” – finished goods inventory. Please refer to Exhibit 1 for the process flow diagram of McD’s. The Burger King “Made to Order” strategy entails an assembly to order method with multiple product options tailored to the customer preference. At BK the “steam table” is used to assemble each order at the time the order has been placed. The “Made to Order” method relies on semi-finished inventory this is due to the fact that the whoppers and burgers are different sizes and therefore require pre-assembly of buns and patties. Once assembled, the burgers and sandwiches sit in the steam table for up to 10 minutes which are discarded if not sold within that time. While this step in the BK process can lead to waste of goods it supports...

Words: 1267 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Lifo Fifo

...3217 DECEMBER 9, 2008 WILLIAM E. BRUNS SHARON M. BRUNS SUSAN HARMELING Merrimack Tractors and Mowers, Inc.: LIFO or FIFO? Ricardo “Rick” Martino, president and chief operating officer of Merrimack Tractors and Mowers, Inc., of Nashua, New Hampshire, felt that his job had grown much more complicated during 2007 and 2008. Merrimack was a major regional manufacturer and seller of large commercial grass mowers based on a design developed by his grandfather in the years after World War II. The company’s major competitors were John Deere, The Toro Company, Simplicity, and Husqvarna—much older and larger corporations with extensive lines of lawn care and maintenance equipment. Originally, Merrimack mowers were manufactured and assembled in a workshop and factory in Nashua. However, by 2008 the company was buying all of its tractors and machines, manufactured to its specifications, from a contract manufacturer in China, and it was operating almost exclusively as a machine-and-parts designer and distributor. The company had incorporated in 1980, and an initial public offering was followed by additional offerings of shares over the next decade. By 2008 the company had about 4,000 shareholders, including some mutual funds. About 25% of the outstanding stock was held by members of the Martino family, and shares were traded on NASDAQ. Rick had been elected president after the death of his father late in 1995. Martino’s father had initiated several changes and made decisions that led...

Words: 2525 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Fahsf

...BGI COURSE SYLLABUS |Course Number and Title |MGT 553 Finance, Accounting, and the Triple Bottom Line I | | | | |Instructors |Kate Lancaster, PhD, CPA | | |kate.lancaster@bgi.edu | | |(W) 805.756.2922, (H-MB) 805.772.7452 | | |(H-BI) 206.780.1015, (C) 805.440.4618 | | |Toni Smith, PhD, CPA | | |toni.smith@bgi.edu | | |603.659.5108 | | |Brian Setzler, MBA, CPA | | ...

Words: 1506 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Sample Demonstartes

...Strategic Management BSAD 689 Professor Office Office Hours Telephone E-mail Class Hours Class Dates Classroom Texts: : Dr. Allen F. Stembridge B.Commerce., MBA, Ed.D, F.I.A.C. : CSH 202 : 9:00a.m. -10:30a.m. (Monday through Friday), or by appointment. : 269-471-3632 : stem@swau.edu : 1:30 p.m. – 5:00 p.m. (Monday through Friday) : July 14, 2008 – July 31, 2008 : CSH 208 Required: David, Fred R. (2009) Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases (12th edition) Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Course Description: Strategic Management requires that students integrate relevant knowledge gleaned from previous core business-course experience. Extensive case work and library research are demanded. Students work with a real organization to develop a comprehensive strategic plan. The student should have completed all MBA core requirements or be currently enrolled in the remaining courses. 1 Course Objectives: At the end of the course students should be able to: 1. Use the strategic management process to understand competitive forces and to develop competitive advantages. 2. Analyze complex business situations from management’s perspective. 3. Appreciate the interdependence of all business functions and operations. 4. Be more proactive in ascertaining and acting upon opportunities that may occur in the macro-environment. 5. Identify what an organization wants to achieve and know how they will do it. 6. Develop creative alternatives to resolving business problems...

Words: 1366 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Hmc Case Study

...Case study: Harvard Management Company (HBS 9-201-129) The primary scope of the present document is to provide a critical analysis of the most relevant issue related with the endowment fund of the HMC. First the advantages and disadvantages related to the optimal portfolio. The second part aimed at conducting an analysis on the method utilized by HMC in the process of determining the capital market assumption. Furthermore, it will discuss the Harvard’s decision to strongly emphasize in real returns. The focus point in the third part is to highlight the method of generation of an efficiency frontier and the advantage and drawbacks of the constraining portfolio weights. And finally, the most significant part we will discuss the beneficial and hammering consequences of considering TIPS as an additional asset class in Harvard’s policy portfolio. 1. the advantages and limitations of optimal portfolio allocations: Led primarily by the need to balance between the requirements posed by the nature of its sector, and its above the ground ambitions for success, Harvard Management Co. introduced the concept of the Optimal Portfolio Allocation as a primary method through which they approach the process of maximization of their risk/return utility function. One of the advantages of this process is the high extent to which this asset allocation alternative meets the nature and needs of this institution. Another essential advantage derives from the fact that through the systematic distribution...

Words: 1048 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Women in Psychology

...History without context is little more than the recitation of unrelated events, and history without specific events is little more than a fanciful narrative; therefore, history exists as an interrelated duality between specific events and context. It is through the eyeglass of this apparent duality that the great accomplishments of science come firmly into view and the haziness of opinion and speculation are carried out of focus. Accordingly, Mary Whiton Calkins's life and research is best understood within the context of her upbringing and the zeitgeist of the time towards women, within the framework of self observation, the method of natural science, and associationism; and as the original thinker behind paired-associate learning and the partial resolution of the structuralism/functionalism controversy. Mary Calkins was 57 years-old before she was legally able to vote in the United States of America. Up until the early 20th century the role of woman was universally agree to be exclusively as a wife, mother, and caretaker for the elderly in the family (Goodwin, 2005). In fact, it was widely agreed that any intellectual pursuit beyond primary school could be physically harmful to women. However, by the time Calkins was 25 she was fluent in English, German, French, and Greek; well-traveled and well-read, and a graduate of Smith College in western Massachusetts. Mary Calkins was the eldest of five siblings and the daughter of a Congregationalist minister. The friction between...

Words: 1526 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

My Stuff

...Harvard Business School Publishing eLearning Many incoming students find that advanced preparation in the area of Quantitative Analysis helps the transition into a Fully-Employed MBA Program. Therefore, you have the option of using the Harvard Business School Publishing eLearning module to review concepts and further ready yourself for the start of your MBA experience. The Harvard Business School Publishing eLearning module is an online quantitative analysis package designed to help you prepare for your studies in the Graziadio School of Business and Management. For most users, the course takes an average of 20 hours to complete. The directions on how to register and begin this course are found below. The total cost of the Package is $64.50, which is paid to Harvard. Score Reporting: Once you complete the test, you will receive immediate indication of your results. This includes the receipt of a score, as well as information pertaining to the questions answered correctly and incorrectly. Please keep in mind that this package is not designed to replace any courses that you will be taking at the Graziadio School. The Harvard Business School Publishing eLearning offers the opportunity to help you prepare for the upcoming academic year and we highly encourage that you take this course. Registration Process: Please continue to the link below Quantitative Methods Online Course http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/access/23623329 Click on the "Register Now” under...

Words: 362 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Critical Thinkig and Ethics

...the honesty of a researchers work but also in their integrity in the method that they use. Without ethics a researcher’s process could prove to have great ramifications. Ethical business researcher’s core value is responsibility and honesty. Researchers are aware of who can be affected should their work not be of the highest quality. Research is used for and is relied on for such things as product safety or as a guide in a particular market. Every step that is taken in the research process begins with the information that is gathered, documented, and even published so deviations may be within the law but are considered to be unethical practices. It is through researchers that new developments are made and may lead to better insight in things that others have already shed light and gathered information on. It is not uncommon for some researchers to taster between what is ethical and what is considered unethical. A psychology professor and scientist from Harvard University by the name of Marc Hauser had crossed the line between what was ethical and what was not. In an article that the Harvard Crimson ran September 2012 it stated that after a two year federal investigation, the Office of Research Integrity found this former Harvard psychology professor had doctored results of his research and was accused of 6 counts of research misconduct, lying about his data, and misrepresenting research methods in his Harvard lab in research that the National Institute of Health supported. {Jain...

Words: 809 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Hbs Case Study

...course will provide an extension to the existing 2-credit subject (UCD2762) on how to analyze and evaluate the business opportunities using the knowledge and skills acquired from the previous subject. Class members will consider business planning, self-assessment, idea generation, and operating strategies required to start a new small business. Students will also be exposed to Harvard Business School Case Method in order to give them exposure to the real world problems and their solutions. Active participation by students during class discussions and activities is encouraged & expected. Students successfully completing this course will be able to: * Research, recognize and access business opportunities. * Use analytical and critical thinking skills to determine the feasibility of a business concept. * Gained hands on experience with conducting research, develop, write, evaluate, presenting and defending segments of a business plan. | | Learning Outcomes | At the end of the semester, the student will have the: | CO | Course Outcomes | Related Program Outcome (PO) | Evaluation Method | 1. | Ability to think...

Words: 610 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

System Management

...Table of Contents * Introduction 1 Evolution of Management Philosophies and Theories 2 Management Philosophies and Theories before 20th Century 2 Management philosophies and Theories during 20th Century 3 Management Philosophies and Theories after 20th Century 5 Scientific Management Theory 6 Bureaucratic Management Theory 6 Human Relations Movement 6 Traits of Progressive Management Development Programs 7 Contingency Theory 7 Systems Theory 7 Chaos Theory 8 Reputable Management Gurus and Contributors 9 Roger Martin 9 Frederick Winslow Taylor 10 Linda A. Hill 12 Vijay Govindarajan 14 Coimbatore Krishnarao Prahalad 16 Conclusion 17 References 18 Introduction Administration is the function of industry concerned in the determination of corporate policy, the co-ordination of finance, production, and distribution, the settlement of the compass of the organization, and the ultimate control of the executive. Meanwhile, management is the function in industry concerned in the execution of policy, which is within the limits set up by administration, and the employment of the organization for the particular objects set before it. Although literature on the field of business management dates back to the late nineteenth century, the study of human service management and administration is relatively recent. Most of the literature has come from the field of non-profit management such as social work, the arts, education, research, science, religion, philanthropy,...

Words: 6466 - Pages: 26

Premium Essay

Futher

...School of Policy, Planning and Development University of Southern California PPD 515: Strategic Management of Healthcare Organizations Intensive Semester |Session I: June 5 through 8, 2008 |Time: 8:30 AM to 4:30 PM | |Session II: June 23 and 24, 2008 | | |Session III: July 14 and 15, 2008 | | Professor: Robert C. Myrtle, D.P.A. Office Phone: (213) 740-0378 FAX: (562) 439-2250 Home Phone: (562) 438-4359 E-Mail: myrtle@usc.edu Office Hours: By Appointment Only Office Location: Lewis Hall 301e Course Description Application of principles of health administration in several practice settings. Decision making, strategic management, organizational performance, communication, and provider comparisons. Introduction This course is designed to be the capstone course for the Master of Health Services Administration degree. It assumes that the student is in the final semester of graduate work and has successfully completed course work in health issues and policy, health economics, financial management, organizational behavior, quantitative analysis, and health law. The title of the course and its description has been instrumental in shaping the focus of this course and the material...

Words: 5375 - Pages: 22

Free Essay

Assignment Breif

...–Assignment 1 – Technology and understanding the impact of e-commerce A/601/7313 | In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria. Indicate the page numbers where the evidence can be found also PPD (Personal and Professional Development) and EE | Grading Criteria | Criteria ref | To achieve the criteria the evidence must show that the student is able to: | Task | Evidence | Page | P1 | Describe the technologies required for e-commerce. | 1 | Written | | P2 | Explain the impact of introducing an e-commerce system to an organisation. | 2 | Written | | P3 | Explain the potential risks to an organisation of committing to an e-commerce system. | 3 | Written | | M1 | Recommend methods to promote an e-commerce system. | 4 | Leaflet | | M2 | Discuss how security issues in e-commerce can be overcome. | 5 | Written | | D1 | Evaluate the use of e-commerce in a ‘brick and click’ organisation. | 6 | Written | | This is an official course assessment and you must make a good attempt at all criteria available, you must also make sure that you meet the deadline stated and hand in this assessment brief with your completed assessment Learning Outcomes: This assessment covers learning outcomes no. 1, 2 & 3 No. 1 – Know the technologies required for an e-commerce system. No. 2 – Understand the impact of e-commerce...

Words: 1156 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Manager’s Guide to Forecasting

...Manager’s Guide to Forecasting by David M. Georgoff and Robert G. Murdick Harvard Business Review Reprint 86104 J A N U A RY– F E B R U A RY 1 9 8 6 HBR Manager’s Guide to Forecasting David M. Georgoff and Robert G. Murdick E arly in 1984, the Houston-based COMPAQ Computer Corporation, manufacturer of IBMcompatible microcomputers, faced a decision that would profoundly affect its future. Recognizing that IBM would soon introduce its version of the portable computer and threaten COMPAQ’s dominance in this profitable market, the company had two options. It could elect to specialize in this product line and continue to market its highly regarded portables aggressively, or it could expand market offerings to include desktop microcomputers. The latter move would force the year-old company to confront IBM on its home ground. Moreover, COMPAQ would have to make a substantial investment in product development and working capital and expand its organization and manufacturing capacity. COMPAQ’s management faced several important unknowns, including the potential market’s size, structure, and competitive intensity. Management recognized that the company’s vitality might seriously erode if it did not expand its product line. If the expansion were successful, COMPAQ might enjoy economies of scale that could help ensure its survival in a dynamic and very competitive industry. If COMPAQ’s market assumptions were incorrect, however, its future might be bleak. Many of today’s...

Words: 6086 - Pages: 25

Free Essay

Amir

...Student earning L Centre What is a referencing system? (Author-Date System) HARVARD REFERENCING There are many variations of the Harvard referencing style. This leaflet is based on the AGPS Style Manual (6th edn), 2002. It is advisable to check with each lecturer as to which variation they require you to use and to follow that advice for the work submitted to that lecturer. A referencing system is a standardised way of informing readers of the sources of information, ideas, graphics etc. that are used in any given work, e.g. your assignment. There are a number of different referencing systems, but those most commonly used at Flinders University are: • Harvard (an author-date system) • APA (American Psychological Association, also an author-date system) • The Note system (including footnotes and endnotes). Author-date systems use the authors’ surnames and the year of publication within the text of a work to refer to a detailed list of full references at the end of the work. The Note system uses numbers within the text to refer to details either at the bottom of the page (footnotes) or at the end of the work (endnotes). See the Student Learning Centre (SLC) brochures on the APA and Note systems for details on these systems. Referencing and academic integrity The use of a referencing system to acknowledge other people’s work, ideas and expression is integral to academic writing and academic integrity. See SLC leaflets on Academic Integrity or the 'Academic Integrity...

Words: 2227 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Disadvantages of Lean Manufacturing

...designed to help students learn about: (b) How to read and analyse information in case studies and business articles (c) Best practice product and process development (d) How to deploy a customer focus throughout the innovation process (e) The importance of teamwork – in particular multidisciplinary teamwork (f) How to find, use and acknowledge information through research and referencing (g) How to write professional business reports Introduction: This assignment is based on the Harvard Business Review (HBR) case study on how Proctor & Gamble (P&G) tripled its innovation success rate and the HBR article on P&G’s Connect and Develop (C&D) program. The assignment also draws upon information in the textbook and other sources. Information from independent research using other sources is also required. Other than the two HBR articles, all sources of information used to answer the assignment questions must be referred to using the Harvard Referencing System as outlined in the Subject Instructions. Assignments should incorporate an in-text reference in the form of (Author, date) to indicate the source of each item of information. A complete reference list is required at the end of the assignment. Information obtained from the case study does not need to be referenced unless a direct quote is used or a specific diagram is referred to – in those instances the reference should be in the form (Case:xx) where xx is the relevant page number. The case study...

Words: 1326 - Pages: 6