...person who invented it and ... ← ∀ βState clearly but briefly the relative place it has in computer history (ie: whether it is an Ancient Counting Device, an Early Mechanical Device, among the Origins of the Electronic Computers, or First, Second, Third or Fourth Generation Computer). ← Characteristics of the Device ← ← State and discuss the unique characteristics of the device. ← ← If it is an ancient device, or an early mechanical device, explain the uses and workings of the device in great detail. Explain the difficulties of using the device, or the amusing aspects of the device. ← ← If it is among the Origins of the Electronic Computers, or from the First to Fourth Generations, explain why the computer falls into this category. Be sure to go into considerable detail about the hardware or software improvements the device represents over previous devices, and explain some of the difficulties of using the device compared to devices which would eventually replace it. ← ← Conclusion ← ← Summarize the reasons why the device was a success or a failure. ← ∀ β Emphasize its greatest strength, or its greatest weakness compared to devices which immediately followed. Note that the greatest strength and weakness of a device may be simply symptomatic of the computer generation of the device. If this is so - ← ∀ βBe sure to clearly state how good the device...
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...Distribution Model Background and History As technology has advanced in recent years, forms of entertainment have shifted from the activities of the outdoor to the games played indoors. Specifically, the emergence of computer gaming as a spectator sport has influenced many firms to develop products that satisfy the unique need of professional and recreational gamers alike. Much like the development of popular sports, such as basketball or soccer, the growth of eSports has created an industry that produces supplementary products required to enjoy the sport. However, instead of basketball and soccer shoes and clothing, the industry if focused on creating high-tech “gaming gear”. These products include higher function keyboards and mice, glasses to protect from glare, and headsets and microphones for gaming oriented communication. As more and more individuals become consumers of this market, the competition in gaming has increased, and the need for better and more sophisticated “gaming gear” equipment has evolved. Initially, with the introduction of computer gaming systems, the basic mouse and keyboard were essential components of most computer games. One of the first innovations in computer gaming history is the introduction of the Apple II and Commodore 64 in the late 1970’s. These were two basic gaming consoles based on the QWERTY keyboards. Both of these products had higher performance and utility in terms of gaming than the average household computer at the time. The evolution...
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...Exam Notes COMPUTER CONCEPTS 1. Which utility is a “must” for people who worry about losing their computer files? – Backup 2. The RAM chip contains the basic input/output system. – False 3. A computer’s memory, or primary storage, provides permanent storage for instructions and data. - False 4. A place for connecting a peripheral device to a computer is called a: Port 5. Where would you find an RJ-45 connector? – LAN port 6. Information processing is also called data processing. – True 7. The process of preparing a floppy disk for storage is called: Formatting. 8. A personal computer is a self-contained computer capable of: All of the above. (IOPS) 9. A system bus on the motherboard connects the CPU to main memory. – True 10. Which one of the following is not a way to improve the speed and performance of a microprocessor? – placing circuits farther apart. 11. A CD drive is classified as: a storage device. 12. The word “megahertz” in an ad for personal computer refers to the computer’s: processing speed. 13. The main components of the motherboard are: internal memory and CPU. 14. Which component of the CPU acts as a “traffic officer”? – Control unit. 15. The main function of a server is to: process data for multiple locations at the same time. 16. BIOS is a ROM chip that boots up the computer when it is turned on. – True. 17. To transmit and receive information to and from other distant computers, a PC user needs...
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...types of input and output devices. * Input devices include, keyboards and/or mouses. Keyboards contain 101-104 keys. You have to press the correct combination of keys to input data. Mouses are used with your personal computer. It rolls on a small ball or red scanner. When you roll the mouse across a flat surface to censor the mouse to move. * Output devices include, plotters and/or speakers. Plotters is a device similar to a printer, but usually allows you to print larger images that regular printers can’t. This is commonly used by designers and research sectors. Speakers can be sold separately from computers. Some monitors may have speakers built directly into the unit. Speakers enhance the value of educational and presentation products. 2. Discuss the difference between different types of input and output devices. * Input devices are any hardware that inputs data into your computer like keyboards, or webcams. Output devices are any hardware that displays output information like printers, or speakers. 3. Discuss the factors that affect the quality of various input and output devices. * Factors that affect the quality of input devices and output devices include the speed of the device. If you put a slow device into a more faster system, it will decrease the overall system speed. Detailed Description: Keyboards I. Introduction to Keyboards * They are computer hardware input devices. * Used for controlling characters and sending special...
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...The OS, or operating system, has long been a staple of the computer experience, but what aspect of these complex program sets have most attributed to this success? Having delved into this matter, I have concluded that the two aspects which most define this breakthrough popularity would be the GUI (Graphic User Interface) and the Touchscreen. The GUI Originally, a computer user would have to use a lot of command line instructions to launch programs. The introduction of the Graphic User Interface (GUI) changed that by replacing the command line controls for launching programs with icons on the screen, controlled by the mouse. The first “real” version of GUI was introduced to the masses in November of 1985 in the form of Windows 1.0. So what advantages did it offer? Well, for one thing, it allowed for the running of multiple applications or programs at once, a virtual first in the times of less advanced home computers. Now people could swap in and out of their most used or needed applications without excess command line input or closing out the current program and losing their data. This increased speed and productivity as well as making operating the PC much easier and user friendly for the mostly untrained populace. With this new advent, those who shunned the computer because of the heavy command coding needed to work it now had the option to use the newest technology in a way they could easily grasp. Consumers however, were not the only ones who reaped a benefit from...
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...Computer History Year/EnterComputer History Inventors/InventionsComputer History Description of Event 1936 Konrad Zuse - Z1 ComputerFirst freely programmable computer. 1942 John Atanasoff & Clifford Berry ABC ComputerWho was first in the computing biz is not always as easy as ABC. 1944 Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper Harvard Mark I ComputerThe Harvard Mark 1 computer. 1946 John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly ENIAC 1 Computer20,000 vacuum tubes later... 1948 Frederic Williams & Tom Kilburn Manchester Baby Computer & The Williams TubeBaby and the Williams Tube turn on the memories. 1947/48 John Bardeen, Walter Brattain & Wiliam Shockley The TransistorNo, a transistor is not a computer, but this invention greatly affected the history of computers. 1951 John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly UNIVAC ComputerFirst commercial computer & able to pick presidential winners. 1953 International Business Machines IBM 701 EDPM ComputerIBM enters into 'The History of Computers'. 1954 John Backus & IBM FORTRAN Computer Programming LanguageThe first successful high level programming language. 1955 (In Use 1959) Stanford Research Institute, Bank of America, and General Electric ERMA and MICRThe first bank industry computer - also MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) for reading checks. 1958 Jack Kilby & Robert Noyce The Integrated CircuitOtherwise known as 'The Chip' 1962 Steve Russell & MIT Spacewar Computer...
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...Creation of the Mouse : The New Yorker ANNALS OF BUSINESS CREATION MYTH Xerox PARC, Apple, and the truth about innovation. by Malcolm Gladwell MAY 16, 2011 Print More Share Close Reddit Linked In Email The mouse was conceived by the computer scientist Douglas Engelbart, developed by Xerox PARC, and made marketable by Apple. I n late 1979, a twenty-four-year-old entrepreneur paid a visit to a research center in Silicon Valley called Xerox PARC. He was the co-founder of a small computer startup down the road, in Cupertino. His name was Steve Jobs. Xerox PARC was the innovation arm of the Xerox Corporation. It was, and remains, on Coyote Hill Road, in Palo Alto, nestled in the foothills on the edge of town, in a long, low concrete building, with enormous terraces looking out over the jewels of Silicon Valley. To the northwest was Stanford University’s Hoover Tower. To the north was Hewlett-Packard’s sprawling campus. www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/05/16/110516fa_fact_gladwell?printable=true¤tPage=all 1/12 10/29/13 Xerox PARC, Apple, and the Creation of the Mouse : The New Yorker All around were scores of the other chip designers, software firms, venture capitalists, and hardware-makers. A visitor to PARC, taking in that view, could easily imagine that it was the computer world’s castle, lording over the valley below—and, at the time, this wasn’t far from the truth. In 1970, Xerox had assembled the world’s greatest computer engineers and...
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...The History of Computers http://inventors.about.com/library/blcoindex.htm "Who invented the computer?" is not a question with a simple answer. The real answer is that many inventors contributed to the history of computers and that a computer is a complex piece of machinery made up of many parts, each of which can be considered a separate invention. This series covers many of the major milestones in computer history (but not all of them) with a concentration on the history of personal home computers. Ads Cars - Motor Traderwww.motortrader.com.myBuy and Sell New Cars, Used Cars You Can Find 15000+ Cars From Here! BGS Repair Servicewww.lelong2u.comRepair/Sales/Buy/Used-Projector,LCD Laptop,Server,PC,Printer and iMAC. Network Traffic Shapingwww.exinda.comVisibility of all Applications. Traffic Shaping for WAN & Web. Computer History Year/Enter | Computer History Inventors/Inventions | Computer History Description of Event | 1936 | Konrad Zuse - Z1 Computer | First freely programmable computer. | 1942 | John Atanasoff & Clifford Berry ABC Computer | Who was first in the computing biz is not always as easy as ABC. | 1944 | Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper Harvard Mark I Computer | The Harvard Mark 1 computer. | 1946 | John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly ENIAC 1 Computer | 20,000 vacuum tubes later... | 1948 | Frederic Williams & Tom Kilburn Manchester Baby Computer & The Williams Tube | Baby and the Williams Tube turn on the memories...
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...History of Computers Carving notches into bones • 20,000 BC to 30,000 BC • Oldest known objects used to represent numbers • Discovered in Western Europe, date from the Aurignacian period correspond to the first appearance of Cro-Magnon man (caves of the same name in Southern France, in which the first skeletons of this race were discovered in 1868.) Abacus • 1000-500 BC • First actual calculating mechanism • Babylonians or Chinese Mechanical Calculator • 1500 AD, Leonardo Da Vinci • First mechanical calculator Napier’s Bones • 1614, John Napier • Multiplication tables inscribed on strips of wood or bone • Multiply, divide, square roots John Napier • Scottish Mathematician • Laird of Merchiston Wilhelm Schickard • German Astronomer and Mathematician Slide Rule • 1625, William Oughtred • Multiplication and division, and “scientific" functions such as roots, logarithms and trigonometry, but is not normally used for addition or subtraction. Pascaline • 1642, Blaise Pascal • First digital calculator • Used to add and subtract Blaise Pascal- French mathematician, physicist and theologian. Step Reckoner • 1670, Gottfried von Leibniz • Addition, subtraction, multiplication, divide, evaluate square roots Gottfried von Leibniz • German Baron • Entered University at 15 years old and received his bachelor’s degree at 17 y.o. Punched Card Loom • 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard •...
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...Case Analysis: Apple Computer Course number: NETW583 Date: May 10th, 2013 The innovation of apple computer began with Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in the garage of the parents of Steve Jobs in Mountain View, California. On 1st April 1976, fool’s day, the first apple computer was formed by Ronald Wayne, Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs. The following year, 1977 the apple company was incorporated. The first Apple Computer was a failure and was followed by the second one which was successful. Today Apple Company is one of the most revolutionary computer companies in the world that is involved in designing, developing and marketing personal computers, media devices, peripherals, networking solutions, and third-party digital content and applications. (Datamonitor, 2011) The timeline gives us an outlook of Apple’s biggest successes and failures. Some of the Apple’s successes come from the reinvention of Apple computer and Apple’s culture. The first success came from the Apple II in 1977. The Apple II was designed for mass production and broad consumer appeal and that must have contributed to the success of Apple II. In 1984, the introduction of first Macintosh was a success. To appeal to the consumes, Apple created hype around the Macintosh with its infamous "1984" Super Bowl commercial, and announced it...
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...The History of Macintosh A man by the name of Jef Raskin came up with the idea of building an affordable and easy-to-use computer. It was the first successful computer with a mouse and a GUI, the first Macintosh board that was developed had a 64KB RAM. Raskin created a team of people to start working on his idea. A man by the Steve Jobs was impressed by the design and took an interest in the project that they were doing. Steve Jobs took over with a man name Steve Wozniak, they went to the same college and was in a computer club, they begin to work on it while they were in college, their work place was in a garage where they would work on the computers. They had trouble getting it out there because of another computer company. They were willing to get their computer name out there to let everyone know about it. The first one the made was called Lisa it didn’t do all that well. That led Jobs to move over to Apple and the next one they came out with was called Macintosh. Its debut was announced by a single broadcast during the 1984 Super Bowl, after that was showed Macintosh became popular than IBM. They created a operating system called DOS and sold it. They wanted to steal from XEROX because they came up with the mouse. Bill Gates went to see Steve Jobs at Apple and he showed him the Macintosh, then that’s when Gates and his team started working with Jobs. They start putting out computers and Macintosh became...
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...History of Laptop Computers - History Left - Modern Laptop Today It is a little hard to determine what was the first portable or laptop computer, the first portable computers did not look like the book-sized and folding laptops that we are familiar with today, however, they were both portable and lapable, and lead to the development of notebook style laptops. I have outlined several potential firsts below and how each qualifies, many of the off-site links provide good photos of the computers that will let you see the progression in design. The First Laptop? Maybe Designed in 1979 by a Briton, William Moggridge, for Grid Systems Corporation, the Grid Compass was one fifth the weight of any model equivalent in performance and was used by NASA on the space shuttle program in the early 1980's. A 340K byte bubble memory lap-top computer with die-cast magnesium case and folding electroluminescent graphics display screen. Ads Get Success With CPAwww.cpaaustralia.com.au/asapStay Ahead & Become A Leader With The CPA Program. Enrol Today! RS Components MalaysiaMalaysia.RS-Online.comWe Stock Over 550,000 Products. Free Delivery, Order Online Now! Want A Career In IT?NewINTI.edu.my/ComputingBe Industry Ready In 3 Years. Apply For Computing In INTI Now! Gavilan Computer As The First Laptop? Manny Fernandez had the idea for a well-designed laptop for executives who were starting to use computer. Fernandez, who started Gavilan Computer, promoted his machines as the first "laptop"...
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...A computer is a machine that is able to take information (input), do some work on or make changes to the information, to make new information (output). Computers have existed for much of human history. Examples of early computers are the astrolabe and the abacus. Modern computers are very different from early computers. They are now very powerful machines that are able to do billions of calculations every second. Most people have used a personal computer in their home or at work. Computers are useful for many different jobs where automatic tasks are useful. Some examples are controlling traffic lights, vehicle computers, security systems, Washing machines and Digital Televisions. A person (called a user) can control a computer by telling it to do things. Some ways of controlling a computer are with a keyboard, mouse, buttons, touch screen. Some very new computers can also be controlled with voice commands or hand gestures. Computers can be designed to do anything with information. Computers are used to control factories, which in the past were controlled by humans. They are also in homes, where they are used for things such as listening to music, reading the news, and writing. Modern computers are electronic machines. A computer is only useful if it has both hardware and software. Hardware is the physical parts the computer is made of - for example keyboard, mouse, screen, tower, and the circuits inside it. Software is the computer programs (mathematical instructions)...
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...Basic Computer Hardware and Software Overview: This lesson is an introduction to basic computer hardware and software. If possible, have one or more types of computers available to show students the hardware components found on different computer models. A multimedia projector can be used to show students the different types of software described in the lesson. Levels I-II Grades K-4 Depending on the time available and grade level, extensions to this lesson could include asking students to research how computers are used in various occupations or the history of computers. Objectives: The student will: • identify basic computer hardware; and • describe uses of commonly used software. AK Content Standards: Technology A1 A student should be able to operate technology-based tools. A student who meets the content standard should use a computer to enter and retrieve information. Materials: • Several different types of computers (optional) • Multimedia projector connected to a computer with Microsoft Office, Photoshop and a Web browser (optional) • STUDENT WORKSHEET: “Computer Hardware and Software” IT Basics Computers are versatile machines used for processing and manipulating information. They can be used to view and edit photos, analyze and graph data, write reports, share information, utilize the Internet and much more. At the heart of the computer is a machine that processes digital data consisting of ones and zeros. The first computers were made...
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...devices that we put INTO the computer from the real world to receive data or information. ID can be as human interaction as keyboard and mouse or simply environmental data as sensors. This is the list of possible examples of input devices such as : Camera , Compact Disk, Keyboard , Mouse , Digital Camera, Microphone , Drawing Tablet , Scanner, Disk Drive , Joystick , Touch Screen, Barcode reader , Business Card reader , Magnetic-stripe reader, etc. First of all, an input device is any hardware device that sends data to the computer, without any input devices. In other words the input unit is formed by the input devices attached to the computer. An input unit takes the input and converts it into binary form so that it can be understood by the computer. Camera is used during live conversations. The camera transmits a picture from one computer to another, or can be used to record a short video. Compact Disk (CD) - The CD can be put into another computer, and the information can be opened and added or used on the second computer. There is one possible thing like a CD-R or CD-RW can be used as an output device. Keyboard is a way to input letters or numbers into different programs or web-bourses. A keyboard also has special keys that help operate the computer. For ex. key “Microsoft” that helps us to open “start” section whenever we need. Mouse is used to open and close files, navigate web sites, and click on a lot of commands (to tell the computer what to do) when using different...
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