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The Holocaust

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Submitted By abishek26021998
Words 4172
Pages 17
Year 10 Science
Semester Two Examination - 2012

TIME ALLOWED 15 MINUTES READING 1 HOUR AND 15 MINUTES WRITING
Instructions to candidates: 1) Do not write or mark the examination booklet in any way during reading time. 2) Please check that, aside from this test booklet, you also have a multiple choice answer sheet and data sheet. 3) There are 14 pages in this booklet including this one. Please check to ensure that this is so. 4) Note that the time allocated for the examination is 75 minutes and that 70 marks have been allocated: this should give you a guide as to how much time you should spend on each section. The survey at the end of the exam should take you approximately five minutes. 5) There are 4 sections in this booklet: multiple choice, true/false, definitions and extended questions. 6) Graphic calculators must not be used. Dictionaries must not be used. An approved scientific calculator may be used. 7) If you finish early please do not waste your time: you only get examination time once so it should not be wasted. Check your work thoroughly: calculations, grammar and spelling. Re-read the questions and check your answers to ensure that you have actually answered the questions asked. 8) When the signal to write is given fill in your name, form and teacher details on this booklet (below) and on the multiple choice answer sheet before you begin answering any questions. 9) All answers in this booklet must be completed in pen. 10) All numerical answers to questions must include units to gain full marks

Name................................................................ Form................................................................. Teacher............................................................

MHS Year 10 Science Semester Two Examination – 2012

Section 1: Multiple Choice
Write your selections on the answer sheet supplied. Please place the answer sheet in this booklet when you hand in this exam. This section is worth 25 marks. 1. a) b) c) d) 2. a) b) c) d) 3. a) b) c) d) Which of the following formulae correctly shows the reaction between magnesium and chlorine? Mg  Cl MgCl Mg2  Cl2 Mg2Cl2 Mg Cl2  MgCl2 2Mg Cl2 2MgCl Which of the following does not change during any chemical reaction? Total number of molecules. Total volume of the system. Total mass of the system. Temperature of the system. When water changes to steam, the molecules become: much larger. no different in mass. less in mass. separate atoms.
2+

4. Lead forms ions with a charge of +2 (Pb ). When lead reacts with element "X" a compound is formed with + the formula Pb3X2. Element "X" also reacts with lithium ions (Li ). What is the likely formula of the compound formed between lithium and element "X"? a) Li3X2 b) Li2X c) X3Li d) Li3X 5. a) b) c) d) 6. a) b) c) d) 7. a) b) c) d) 8. a) b) c) d) What is the total number of atoms in one molecule of CO(NH2)2? 4 5 7 8 The chemical reaction Pb(NO3)2(aq)  2KI(aq)  PbI2(s)  2KNO3(aq) is an example of a: combination reaction. decomposition reaction. combustion reaction. precipitation reaction. The balanced equation for the reaction between calcium hydroxide and nitric acid is: Ca(OH)2 (aq) + 2HNO3 (aq)  Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + 2H2O (l) CaOH (aq) + HNO3 (aq) CaNO3 (aq) + H2O (l) Ca(OH)3 (aq) + H2NO3 (aq)  CaNO3 (aq) + 5H2O (l) CaOH (aq) + H(NO3)2 (aq)  Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + H2O (l) An acid reacting with a metal hydroxide to produce a salt and water is an example of a: combustion reaction precipitation reaction neutralisation reaction decomposition reaction

9. Propane burns in air according to the equation:
2

MHS Year 10 Science Semester Two Examination – 2012

w C3H8(g) + x O2(g) → y CO2(g) + z H2O(g) a) b) c) d) 10. a) b) c) d) 11. a) b) c) d) 12. a) b) c) d) 13. a) b) c) d) The values of w, x, y and z needed (in order) to balance this equation are: 1, 5, 3, 4 1, 10, 3, 4 2, 5, 6, 4 1, 3, 3, 4 Which of the following equations can be completed correctly by replacing X with 2H 2O? NH3(g) + 2O2(g) → HNO3(l) + X 2HCl(g) + MgO(s) → MgCl2(aq) + X 2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) → 8CO2(g) + X H2SO4(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) → BaSO4(s) + X Why does increasing the surface area of a reactant increase the speed of some chemical reactions? It increases the density of the reactant particles. It increases the concentration of the reactant. It exposes more reactant particles to a possible collision. It alters the electrical conductivity of the reactant particles. According to collision theory: reactants may have sufficient energy to react, but may not still do so the number of collisions is inversely proportion to the rate of the reaction reactant ions move around randomly, causing other substances to react with them the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the time taken Which of the following is not an example of a hypothesis? Giving dogs bacon every morning will cause their weight to increase. Wearing helmets when riding a bike will decrease the number of visits to the hospital. There is extraterrestrial life in other galaxies. Drinking coffee at night will cause a person to stay awake longer than not drinking coffee.

14. A student decided to set up an experiment to see if cats preferred skim milk or 2% fat milk. She put out a cup of skim milk for 5 kittens and then measured how much the kittens drank over the course of a day. The next day the same kittens were used and the 2% fat milk was served at the same temperature. The student discovered that the cats liked the 2% fat more than the skim milk. What is wrong with the experiment? a) Repeated experimentation is needed. b) The milk should be served at different temperatures. c) There are no controls present. d) There is no independent variable. 15. A set of results that measures the change in temperature of hot coffee in a cup over a period of 30 minutes would best be presented as a: a) column graph b) line graph c) bar graph d) pie graph

Questions 16 – 18 refer to the following information.

3

MHS Year 10 Science Semester Two Examination – 2012

Alex and Keegan were investigating how tea bag rockets work. They took four different brands of tea bags out into the courtyard, tipped the tea out of the bags and measured the length of the tea bag. They formed each tea bag into a tube and stood it on a heatproof mat before lighting them. As Alex lit the tea bag, Keegan started the stopwatch. They recorded how many seconds of burning it took before the tea bag rocket lifted off the ground. Their results are shown in the table below.

Brand of Tea Bag Greateas Billy Boat Tea Beaut-Tea QuickTea

Height (mm) 146 140 56 120

Time taken to lift off (s) 45 40 18 32

16. a) b) c) d) 17. a) b) c) d)

What was the aim of Alex and Keegan’s experiment? To find out how high tea bag rockets fly To find out which brand of tea bag rocket flies the highest To find out whether the time taken to lift off is related to the height of the tea bag To find which brand of tea makes the best tea bag rocket What would be an appropriate conclusion for this experiment? Beaut-Tea makes the best tea bag rockets because they lift off quickly The time taken for lift off by the rocket is related to the height of the tea bag Any brand of tea can be used to make a tea bag rocket Tea bag rockets are lots of fun to make

18. One of the big problems that Alex and Keegan experienced with this experiment was that the tea bag kept being blown over by the wind when they were trying to light it. To stop this they decided to put each tea bag into a big metal can to light it. Would this affect their results? a) Yes, because the tea bag would now burn for longer before becoming a rocket b) Yes, because the tea bag is now sheltered from the wind c) No, because the time taken for the tea bag to burn before lift-off will be the same as before d) No, because the can would help the tea bag to stay alight 19. Karen noticed that her turtles were sleeping longer than normal. She decided to give one group of turtles a new type of food called GoTurtle and the other group of turtles their same food to see if they would stay awake longer. Pets Turtle Food Room
4

Water

Number of

Behaviour

MHS Year 10 Science Semester Two Examination – 2012

(snapping turtle) Group A (10 turtles) Group B (10 turtles) 1 cup of GoTurtle 1 cup of regular turtle food

Temperature

hours awake each day 1/2 cup 1/2 cup 18 3 pacing back and forth in cage don’t move; sedentary

18°C 18°C

a) b) c) d) 20. a) b) c) d) 21. a) b) c) d) 22. a) b) c) d) 23. a) b) c) d)

For this experiment, what were the independent and dependent variables respectively? Type of turtle, and hours awake each day Hours awake each day, and amount of turtle food Type of turtle food, and hours awake each day Hours awake each day, and behaviour Most stars are made almost entirely of: hydrogen hydrogen and helium hydrogen and lithium hydrogen and carbon The more red a star is, the: larger it is cooler it is smaller it is hotter it is The energy released at the Big Bang is now observed as: X-rays Visible Light Infrared Microwaves The most likely cause of the eventual extinction of life on earth is: the Sun becoming a supernova gradual heating of the Earth as the Sun brightens the Sun becoming a red giant Mr. Wood

24. The core of a red supergiant star which has approximately two times the mass of our own sun will when it dies most likely turn into a a) neutron star b) white dwarf c) black hole d) black dwarf 25. a) b) c) d) The colour of a star is determined by its temperature size mass brightness

Section 2: True and False
Indicate whether the following statements are true or false by placing 'T' for true or 'F' for false in the boxes following each statement. This section is worth 5 marks. 1. The reaction between a metal and an acid gives a salt and water as products.
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MHS Year 10 Science Semester Two Examination – 2012

2. Compared to particles in a cold substance, particles in a hot substance have more kinetic energy 3. An experiment must confirm the hypothesis as being correct 4. The systematic error in an experiment can be minimised by repeating an experiment 5. The element composition of distant stars can be determined by observing the emission spectrum of starlight

6

MHS Year 10 Science Semester Two Examination – 2012

Section 3: Extended Questions
Give detailed answers to each question in the spaces provided. Answers that do not show all required mathematical working and correct units will not obtain full marks. This section is worth 40 marks. 1. Ammonium carbonate is a white powdery solid. If it is strongly heated in a vacuum, three gaseous products are formed, one of which is ammonia. Identify the second and third product and complete and balance the equation below, adding states: a) (NH4)2CO3 ( )

 2 NH3 ( ) + ……………………. ( ) + …………………….. ( )

b) Name the type of reaction described and shown in the equation above. c) What type of bonding(s) is present in the reactant ammonium carbonate?

(2 + 1 + 1 = 4 marks) 2. An experiment was conducted as shown in the diagram below.

CaCO3(s) was added to HCl(aq). The flask, contents and balloon were weighed before and after the reaction. The products of the reaction were a gas and a soluble salt. a) Write a balanced equation (including states) for the reaction occurring in the flask.

b) Would you expect the mass after reaction to be greater than, less than or equal to the mass before reaction? Explain your choice.

(2 + 2 = 4 marks) 3. Complete the table for the following compounds. (The correct spelling of chemical names is essential.)
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MHS Year 10 Science Semester Two Examination – 2012

Name Magnesium oxide

Chemical symbol MgO Li2S

Hydrogen phosphate CS2 Iron (III) hydroxide (4 x ½ = 2 marks) 4. Balance the following chemical reactions a) b) _____ NH3(g) + _____ CuO(s) → _____ H2O(l) + _____ Cu(s) + _____ N2(g) _____ KClO3(s) → _____ KCl(s) + _____ O2(g) (2 marks) 5. Abed and Troy were doing an experiment to investigate the effect of acid on magnesium at different solution temperatures and for different lengths of magnesium ribbon. They were provided with a Bunsen burner, tripod, measuring beaker, test tubes, gauze mat, a bottle of hydrochloric acid, a roll of magnesium ribbon and some scissors and a thermometer. Their results are shown in the table below Temperature of solution (°C) 10 10 10 20 40 a) Length of magnesium ribbon (cm) 2 4 6 2 2 Time taken for the magnesium to react (s) 60 80 100 30 15

Predict how many seconds a piece of magnesium ribbon of 3 cm length would take to react at 10°C.

b)

Describe what Abed and Troy would have seen when they placed the magnesium ribbon in the test tube containing acid.

c)

Do these results show that the temperature of the solution has an effect on the rate at which the magnesium dissolves? Explain your thinking.

(1 + 1 + 2 = 5 marks)

6. For their extended research project on "sustainability'" Kevin, Peter, Sid and John wanted to examine the impact on marine organisms of increasing ocean acidification as a result of human pollution.
8

MHS Year 10 Science Semester Two Examination – 2012

During their planning and research phase they discovered that CO 2 in the atmosphere reacted with the water in the oceans forming carbonic acid (H2CO3). Further, they discovered that the shells and exoskeletons of many marine organisms where made from calcium carbonate. Because they had paid attention during the chemistry component of Year 10 Science, the boys realised that this calcium carbonate would react with the carbonic acid to produce the calcium salt, calcium bicarbonate, via the following chemical reaction: CaCO3(s) + H2CO3(aq) → Ca(HCO3)2(aq) a) What could be the specific aim of their experiment?

b) What hypothesis could they test in this experiment?

c) Use dot points to outline a method they could use to test this hypothesis. State clearly the type of control group and experiments groups used and why these were chosen, what will be measured in the experiment, and the size of these groups.

(1 + 1 + 4 = 6 marks)

7. Tony, Ahmed, Varun and Henry examined the materials used to make boat propellers as part of the their extended research project. They examined three materials: balsa wood, aluminium sheets and steel
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MHS Year 10 Science Semester Two Examination – 2012

sheets. All the propellers were the same size and shape. Their first test was to see how fast the propellers would spin. Below is a table of their averaged results. Balsa Wood Average revs per minute (RPM) 98 Aluminium 73 Steel 67

a) Graph this data on the following axis:

Next, the boys attached their propellers to toy boats and tested how far the boats would travel in 5 minutes Time (min) Balsa Wood Aluminium Steel 1 50cm 30cm 25cm 2 100 cm 60cm 50cm 3 150cm 90cm 75cm 4 200cm 120cm 100cm 5 250cm 150cm 125cm

b) Graph this data on the following axis:

The boys compared the prices of the three materials and found that balsa wood was the cheapest (price), aluminium was the next more expensive (price) and steel was the most expensive.
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MHS Year 10 Science Semester Two Examination – 2012

c)

The boys concluded that because balsa wood was the cheapest material and had the best results, that all boats should use balsa wood propellers to become more fuel-efficient. Explain whether or not you agree with this conclusion.

(2 + 2 + 1 = 5 marks) 8. Using your understanding of the stellar life cycle, explain the following: a) Black holes and a black dwarfs are both ‘black’, but for different reasons.

b) The difference between a nebula and planetary nebula.

c) New stars are formed from the remnants of old stars.

(2 + 2 + 2 = 6 marks) 9. To help determine the distance of stars from the Earth the parallax angle is often measured. However, the parallax method can only be used for stars of a certain distance away. With reference to the parallax angle, explain why it becomes difficult to use this technique for stars much, much further away?

(2 marks) 10. In 1814, German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787-1826) published his famous diagram (shown below), depicting the visible light spectrum of the sun. It would take another hundred years before Scientists could explain what phenomena it depicted.
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MHS Year 10 Science Semester Two Examination – 2012

a) With reference to the formation of the light spectrum above, explain what would eventually be calculated about the sun

Since the 1920’s, astronomers and cosmologists have also analysed the light spectrum of stars in distant galaxies. Initial attempts to find stars with a comparable light spectrum to our own sun proved difficult, as wherever scientists looked, the spectrum of stars would look similar, but appeared to have been shifted in some way. This evidence however would eventually be used to support the most commonly held scientific theory about the nature, and ultimately the origin of the universe

b) Describe how this evidence helps explain the origin of the universe.

(2 + 2 = 4 marks)

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MHS Year 10 Science Semester Two Examination – 2012

The following survey has been designed to improve the Year 10 Science course. You are not assessed on responses to this survey, but you will be penalised if you do not complete it.
Place a cross in the most appropriate column corresponding to your thoughts on each statement. Neither agree nor disagree

General comments about the Year 10 Science Overall I really enjoyed Science. I learnt things in this subject that were new to me. The work in this subject was too easy I felt I learnt quite a lot in this subject I enjoyed the practical activities. I enjoy working on activities in small groups I would have preferred less research and more teacher notes

Strongly disagree

disagree

agree

Strongly agree

Comments about specific parts of Year 10 Science I enjoyed the Genetics and Evolution unit. I enjoyed the Biotechnology poster assignment We should do more practical activities in the Genetics and Evolution unit I enjoyed the Forces and Motion unit. I enjoyed the egg parachute practical activity. I felt I learnt quite a lot doing the egg parachute prac activity. I enjoyed the Periodic Table unit. I enjoyed the Elements in the Periodic Table CSIRO visit. I enjoyed the group research project. I would have preferred less research and more teacher notes for the group research project. I enjoyed working in a group for the research project I felt I was supported enough by the teacher during our group research project. I learnt things in the group research project that were new to me. I would have preferred doing the group research project by myself I enjoyed the chemical reactions unit. I would have preferred less practical activities and more teacher notes for the chemical reactions unit.
13

Strongly disagree

disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

agree

Strongly agree

MHS Year 10 Science Semester Two Examination – 2012

I felt I learnt quite a lot during the chemical reactions unit I enjoyed the universe unit. I felt I learnt quite a lot during the universe unit.

Please provide some general comments on how we could improve the Year 10 Science course:   What other topics could we include? What topics do you think we should not include?



Do you think we did enough practical activities, or not enough?



Was year 10 Science challenging enough?



Anything else you want to say?

END OF PAPER

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MHS Year 10 Science Semester Two Examination – 2012

Data Sheet
Year 10 Semester 2
The following information may be of use in completing the examination.

name of ion ammonium potassium silver sodium calcium copper iron (II) lead magnesium zinc Aluminium iron (III)

symbol NH4 K
+ + + +

charge 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 3+ 3+

name of ion chloride nitrate iodide bromide hydroxide oxide sulfite sulfide carbonate sulfate phosphate nitride

symbol Cl
-

charge 111-

NO3 I
-

Ag

Na Ca Cu Fe

Br

1-

2+ 2+

OH O

1222-

22-

2+ 2+ 2+

SO3 S

Pb

22-

Mg Zn Al

CO3 SO4 PO4 N

2233-

2+

23-

3+ 3+

Fe

3-

15

MHS Year 10 Science Semester Two Examination – 2012

Answers Section 1 1 2 c 9 10 a 17 18 b 25 a Section 2 1 2 3 4

c d c

3 11 19

b c c

4 12 20

d a b

5 13 21

d c b

6 14 22

d c d

7 15 23

a b b

8 16 24

c c a

F

T

F

F

5 T

Section 3. 1. a) (NH4)2CO3 (s)  2 NH3 (g) + H2O (g) + CO2 (g) (0.5 marks for all correct states, 0.5 marks for CO2) b) Decomposition reaction (1 mark) c) Ionic and covalent bonding (both needed for 1 mark) a) CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) (0.5 mark each for three products, 0.5 mark for correctly balanced b) The same (1 mark). In a chemical reaction, the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products (1 mark). Lithium sulfide, H3PO4, Caron disulphide, Fe(OH)3 (0.5 mark each, accept sulphide) a) 2, 3, 3, 3, 1 b) 2, 2, 3

2.

3. 4. 5.

a) 70 seconds b) Gas generated (0.5 mark) and magnesium metal dissolves (0.5 mark) c) Yes, temp increase leads to a shorter dissolving time (1 mark). As temperature increased from 10, o to 20, to 40 C, dissolving time reduced from 60, to 30, to 15 seconds (1 mark) [2 mark is for reference to the numerical evidence] a) To determine if sea shells dissolve in acid water/carbonic acid solution (i.e the purpose) (1 mark) b) That increasing the carbonic acid content increases the level of degradation / mass of the seashell (1 mark) c) Control group identified - no acid, just water (1 mark); At least two experimental groups – different acid strengths (1 mark); Measurement of sea shell before and after sitting in acid (0.5 mark) for a set period of time (0.5 mark). Large sample size (0.5 mark), and repeats of experiment (0.5 mark) a) Column or bar graph (1 mark) with labelled axes (0.5 mark) and units (0.5 mark) b) X-Y scatter/line graph (0.5 mark) with crosses connected for each sample set (0.5 mark), labelled axes (0.5 mark) and units (0.5 mark) c) Not a valid conclusion (0.5 mark) Balsa wood or even wood is a bad/stupid material for construction of a propeller on a boat (0.5 mark) a) Black holes appear ‘black’ because no light can escape from its gravity, hence can’t be seen (1 mark). Black dwarfs appear black because they are no longer giving off light (1 mark) b) Nebula is the gas cloud before a star is born (1 mark), planetary nebula is the gas/matter cloud formed after a star has exploded (1 mark). c) When stars die, they explode and spread out their gas/matter (1 mark). Some of that gas/matter may then start to clump together (via gravity), eventually forming a new star (1 mark). a) The further a star is, the smaller the parallax angle (1 mark). The parallax angle will eventually become too small to accurately measure (1 mark). a) The light spectrum shows a series of black bars (0.5 marks) where light at that wavelength has been absorbed (1 mark). This showed that the sun was made up of different elements which had adsorbed the light (0.5 marks) b) The light from distant stars had become shifted towards the red direction of the visible spectrum / had become red-shifted (0.5 mark). This was because the light had become stretched during its travel to Earth (0.5 mark) The most distant the star, the more red-shifted, which suggested that the universe was expanding (1 mark)

6.

7.

8.

9. 10.

16

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...a great example of things that should not have happened or ever happen again. During the holocaust many people we able to witness many different things, such as hangings, burnings, beatings, and shootings. During a lifetime the average person doesn't get to witness these things, and never should have to. After reading this book about the holocaust I would recommend anyone who doesn't know a whole lot about the holocaust to go do research. The book talked about the child that got hung and talked about the burnings of Jews and the way they were treated. This is definitely something that I wish would have never happened, and hopes that it never has to happen again. I picked this scene mainly because I thought it was completely wrong. In the book there were three people that were going to be hung, two older men, and then a smaller child. That day they were called to do a roll call. When everyone was lined up for roll call they brought the three people up to be hung. Right then and there they hung the three people in front of everyone, they made everyone file by and look at all three of the people. Both if the men died instantly, but the young boy was to small to die instantly. He dangled for a half hour before dying. After reading that paragraph I hope you got the same feeling I did after we read it in class. This definitely had the biggest impact on me after reading about the holocaust. The way they separated families and treated people without really even caring one bit about...

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Holocaust

...Life during the Holocaust The Holocaust was a horrible event and had many tragedies and losses of family and friends. This event starts in 1933 where Hitler rises to power, and ends in 1945 where Hitler is defeated and the holocaust has ended. There are many topics about the holocaust that people would want to know, but this topic is a crucial and important one. The topic is Life during the Holocaust where we learn about how Jewish people live during the holocaust and what happened to them in the concentration camps. A very shocking moment in people’s life is when they are kids and they live during the holocaust. Children in the holocaust were beaten, tortured and killed in either a concentration camp or death camp. If they did survive they would have died of hard labor, starvation or diseases that were spread in camps. A total of one and a half million Jewish children were killed during the holocaust. During the holocaust children had to wear patches in the shape of a yellow star which is known as the Star of David. One comment from a Jewish child during the holocaust in Belgium named Beatrice Muchman defined it as when “…Having to wear the yellow star was a moment when deep fear and misery finally took hold” (www.ushmm.org). The holocaust striped children of all their memories and dreams in the future. The Jewish children couldn’t go to school because of the laws that were created for instance on law from the holocaust was Children with either mixed Jewish blood, Half Jewish...

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Holocaust

...memory. I am duty bound to serve as their emissary, transmitting the history of their disappearance, even if it disturbs, even if it brings me pain (p.74).” Ellie finds that he needs to tell the story of the dead. The millions of people who died in the holocaust need their stories told. There memory’s need to be publicized so that something as horrible as the holocaust will never happen again If the stories of the dead are not shared te loss of their lives would be worth nothing. The terrifying story’s that are told by Ellie and other writers bring the pain to the reads. It sends chills deep into our minds that make us sympathize for these people. The readers of the Twenty-First Century need to understand how something as evil and maniacal as the holocaust can never happen again. The people of Germany were falsely eluded to join forces with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Regime who promised them everything they ever wanted. We need to know that genocide is horrible and never right in any instance. These people suffered horrible deaths and with the persuasion of one psychotic man over a million Jewish people were killed relentlessly. I think that after hearing the stories of the dead people will never allow something like the holocaust to ever happen again. It is meant to stick deep into our minds and discourage any thought to such racial inferiority. Ellie Wiesel felt an emotional and personal connection with the dead. He feels he is haunted by their memories. He does not only...

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Holocaust

...INTRODUCTION TO THE HOLOCAUST * Related Articles * Related Links * Comments * How to cite this article Two German Jewish families at a gathering before the war. Only two people in this group survived the Holocaust. Germany, 1928. — US Holocaust Memorial Museum * VIEW PHOTOGRAPHS * VIEW PERSONAL HISTORIES * VIEW ARTIFACTS * VIEW MAPS * VIEW HISTORICAL FILM FOOTAGE The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. "Holocaust" is a word of Greek origin meaning "sacrifice by fire." The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were "racially superior" and that the Jews, deemed "inferior," were an alien threat to the so-called German racial community. During the era of the Holocaust, German authorities also targeted other groups because of their perceived "racial inferiority": Roma (Gypsies), the disabled, and some of the Slavic peoples (Poles, Russians, and others). Other groups were persecuted on political, ideological, and behavioral grounds, among them Communists, Socialists, Jehovah's Witnesses, and homosexuals. WHAT WAS THE HOLOCAUST?    In 1933, the Jewish population of Europestood at over nine million. Most European Jews lived in countries that Nazi Germany would occupy or influence during World War II. By 1945, the Germans and theircollaborators killed nearly two out of every...

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Holocaust

...Holocaust Midterm Dana Bob Mercy College 1. Explain the origins and development of modern anti-Semitism Throughout history the Jewish community has been subject to a violent history which can be traced as far back as their expulsion from Carthage in 250 C.E. For centuries, Jews have endured slavery, land confiscations, massacres, pogroms, blood baths, mass arrests, public torture, banishments, inquisition, slaughter, mass murders and finally, the Holocaust in the 20th century (Grossman, 2014). The Holocaust by far has been the most odious experience that the Jewish community has endured and yet there are many who deny it even took place. The rise of anti-Semitism in early 20th century Germany surely did not begin with Adolf Hitler; however, he was the fulcrum on which it intensified. This hatred for the Jews was not always the case as prior to World War I Jews in Eastern Europe “enjoyed a period of comparative peace, tranquility and the flowering of Jewish religious life” (Jones, 2011). It was after the defeat and subsequent peace settlement at Versailles in 1919, which was followed by a period of depression and burdensome reparations, that nation began to look for a scapegoat. The Jews were seen as the leaders of the parties which had surrendered and ‘stabbed’ Germany in the back by agreeing to the peace accord. Germany slipped into a great depression in the early 1920’s with widespread unemployment and rampant inflation. Hitler and the Nazi party began...

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The Holocaust

...Jewish memory, then it is our duty to remember the Jewish lives that perished and to keep Jewish memory alive. Elie Wiesel, a Holocaust survivor, explains in his preface his reasons for writing the latest edition of his memoir Night: “[I] believe that [I] have a moral obligation to try to prevent the enemy from enjoying one last victory by allowing his crimes to be erased from human memory.” The number of Holocaust survivors is dwindling. It is imperative that we remember their stories in order to give meaning to their survival. As Wiesel writes, “[The survivor] has no right to deprive future generations of a past that belongs to our collective memory.” Wiesel has painstakingly endowed us, the next generation, with the knowledge of the moral depravity during the Holocaust as well as the importance of remembrance. Now it is up to us to apply this knowledge and to fight against future genocides. As a Jewish teenager growing up in the United States, I believe that it is essential for our generation to remember not only the Holocaust, but also the debacle of our country’s lack of support for the Jewish community in its most crucial time of need. In his book, Abandonment of the Jews, David Wyman asserts that: “The United States was willing to attempt almost nothing to save the Jews” (5). Indeed, the United States government had been cognizant of the Holocaust since 1939, but took no action. Quite to the contrary, it set strict Jewish immigration quotas, accepting only 21,000 refugees...

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The Holocaust

...One of the toughest questions we are asked at the Holocaust History Project is when someone says "tell me everything you can about the Holocaust." It is difficult because we know that this person wants to know about the Holocaust, but does not yet know enough to ask the right questions. There is so much information about the Holocaust that it is impossible to describe it all in a simple answer. We can, however, tell you what the Holocaust was and - most importantly - where you can read about it. The Holocaust was the effort of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany to exterminate the Jews and other people that they considered to be inferior. As a result about 12,000,000 people - about half of them Jews - were murdered. The murders were done by every means imaginable but most of the victims perished as a result of shooting, starvation, disease, and poison gas. Others were tortured to death or died in horrible medical experiments. Hitler took power in Germany in 1933 and almost immediately began the chain of events that led to the Holocaust. This first phase was the persecution of Jews in Germany and the other countries invaded by Hitler. It lasted until 1941. During this period, while Hitler built his power, Jews were persecuted and brutalized but there was no organized effort to systematically murder them. In late 1939 Hitler invaded Poland, beginning the Second World War. In mid-1941 Hitler invaded the Soviet Union. At about the same time - historians...

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Holocaust

...“Night” Essay. The Holocaust (also called Shoah in Hebrew) refers to the period from January 30, 1933, when Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany, to May 8, 1945, when the war in Europe ended. During this time, Jews in Europe were subjected to harsh persecution that ultimately led to the murder of 6,000,000 Jews (1.5 million of these being children) and the destruction of 5,000 Jewish communities. The Jews were the victims of Hitler’s plan to annihilate the entire Jewish population of Europe. After the holocaust one of few survivors Elie Wiesel wrote a book called “Night” which was basically about the suffering all Jews had to go through. In this book Elie uses motifs to reveal the theme that the worst suffering comes from man’s own inhumanity to man. One of the motifs Elie uses to reveal the theme was how badly the Nazi soldiers treated their fellow human. First example was when the Nazi’s arrived at first they treated the Jews politely while living in their homes and acted quite civil then the Jews started to believe they were in no danger but Little by little, the soldiers took away their freedom—the leaders of the Jewish community were arrested; the Jewish people were put under house arrest; all their valuables were confiscated; the Jews were forced to wear a yellow star; the Jewish people were forced into ghettos; the ghettos were emptied and the people deported to concentration camps. This shows how the Nazi went from being human to dehumanizing their fellow human...

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