...1.A. Original model of an essential amino acid Phenylalanine. This shows the atoms and bonds in both the backbone and the side chain. B. Original diagram of the different levels of protein structure (i.e., primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary). C. An original diagram, that demonstrates how a peptide bond is made through dehydration, using a complete chemical equation. Citation: Hudon-MIller, S. (2013). D. An original diagram, that demonstrates how a peptide bond is broken through hydrolysis, using a complete chemical equation. Citation: Hudon-MIller, S. (2013). E. The four forces (i.e., bonds or interactions) that stabilize a protein’s structure at the tertiary level. Hydrogen Bond this is a relatively weak bond stronger than hydrophobic bonds. Hydrogen bonds occur between one of the hydrogens on the Nitrogen molecule end of one amino acid and the oxygen molecule from the carboxylic acid end of another amino acid. The Ionic bonds are strong bonds which occur between positive and negatively charge ions of separate amino acids. Hydrophobic bonds are the weakest bonds which occur between two non-polar molecules when they come together into the interior of the structure to minimize contact with water. As the hydrophobic R groups pack together other molecules form Van der Waals...
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...Topic: Pet Therapy and The Elderly I. Introduction: Humans were not destined to live in isolation, but to establish meaningful relationships and companionships with others. Thesis: Pet therapy has made a substantial and positive impact on the affected elderly since it has improved social stimulation behaviors, provides emotional and physiological stability and alleviates the symptoms of depression. II. Body 1.) Pet therapy improves social stimulation behaviors.(Condit, 2010) A.) Animals can be labeled as alternatives to children who have grown and have moved in with their families or spouses who have passed away. (Beck &Meyers, 1996) * Provide opportunities to increase human-to-human social interaction * Interactions with pets enables them to live alone without being lonely B.) The elderly would be able to bond with the pet since it produces a “stress-reducing effect”. (Beck &Meyers, 1996) * Opportunities for fun and relaxation with the pet * Being able to talk to the pets to vent out their feelings or expressions C.) Studies show that those who experience bonding with their pets facilitate communication and interaction. (Condit, 2010) * Aids in the elderly achieving a positive attitude while conversing with people * Animals including dogs, cats, birds encourage social and verbal interaction 2.) Pet therapy provides emotional and physiological stability.(Condit, 2010) A.) Studies state that pet therapy enhances...
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...biologists. Both authors argue that individual of the same sex could have strong friendship that did not have to do with reproduction, and the relationship between human can affect their happiness and longevity; however, their opinions are based upon their observation among animals, make it weaker. Also Robert and Dorothy writing are complicated due to their technical writing style. Context This critique will establish the legitimacy of Robert and Dorothy’s arguments (the evolutionary origin of friendship). Robert and Dorothy begin their article by stating that the purpose in writing the article, is to provide facts and details on “the evolution and adaptive value of human friendship and to consider how stable, enduring friendship might have evolved” (2012, p.154) In human both authors argue “having a strong social network reduces stress, lower the risk of disease, and increase longevity, and was stated by Beckman and Holt-Lunstad (2004 and 2010). On the other hand, Robert and Dorothy believe that in animals “enduring social bonds can increase individual’s reproduction success. However, among female baboons, individuals with the most stable, enduring relationship experience higher infant survival and live longer” (2012, p.170). Robert then goes on and describes the benefits of friendship. In the animal life, animals such as Hyenas, chimpanzees, monkeys, baboons, elephants can only be leaders of their group by creating a long-term friendship with other colleagues. The baboon:...
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...Animal Rights vs. Animal Welfare In the first half of the 20th century, standards for the care of livestock, lab animals, and pets began to improve. Animal ‘rights’ were the rights of animals to shelter, food, and water. There was a pronounced emphasis on improving the quality of life of the animals used by humans, but not on eliminating their use for humans altogether. However, for the last 50 years or so there has been a huge argument over the roles of animals in today’s society, specifically over how we use them for our benefit. There are major differences between the welfare and rights arguments. Animal welfare is fundamentally different from animal rights because it endorses the responsible use of animals in order to fulfill some human...
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...A human isn’t something you can just define or explain in a simple essay or a few words. We are considered by some to be the most complex idea in the universe. What creates a human is a mixture of abstract ideas and thoughts: People have the ability to create original ideas, love, have independent thought and to be completely unique from any other thing or human anywhere at any time. The human race cannot be defined because there is not one human that can be closely compared to another. First, the human brain is said to be the most complicated object in the known universe: Humans have the ability to understand our solar system and what lies in it, but not what is in our own head. The amygdala is a small part of our brain that controls our...
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...A Research Proposal on Animal Cruelty and How A Childs Upbringing Is A Major Factor Introduction Previous research conducted on the topic of animal abuse that takes place during childhood has been grounded on the premise that animal abusers have the propensity to graduate in regards to the level of violence incorporated into harming others (Hensley & Tallichet, 2007). This concept is referred to as the violence graduation hypothesis which best explicates the association in which animal cruelty and abuse is one of many predicting factors related to the interpersonal violence demonstrated later in one’s life. Problem Statement The problem statement for this research proposal considers the concept that animal abuse has dominated discussions among factors predicting adolescent criminal behavior. However, further research is required to examine the elements associated to why individuals participate in childhood animal cruelty and what are the behavioral and social aspects related to this type of behavior. Hirschi’s social bonding theory is implemented into this study as a means to address social bonds during childhood and their overall importance in relation to developing antisocial behavioral characteristics. Social Bonding Theory Travis Hirschi’s (1969) social control theory is known as the social bonding theory in which a collaboration of elements interact with one another in consideration of one’s bond to society in relation to the participation of deviant...
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...Bonds Between Man and Animal The bond between man and animal is a heartwarming and powerful relationship that has been around for thousands and thousands of years ago. Many pet owners value their pets as a member of the family and nothing less. In Life of Pi, Pi knows about building relationships with animals and how to make that bond extra special. Although Pi and Richard Parker develop an uplifting attachment over time, those two hundred and twenty-seven days were not easy. Not knowing where you’re going, not knowing when or what your next meal will be, wondering if your family is alive and if they’re looking for you. All of these unbearable scenarios aren’t even everything Pi went through. On top of being onboard with a four hundred and...
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...Embrace: A Critique of Anthropomorphic Animals “We humans seem to have admired Lions, and feared them and worshipped their nobility and strength for thousands of years” (Joubert, 2012, pg. 1). Nearly every human being has some sort of attraction to animals; whether it is their pet, a stuffed animal, or a fictional character. This human attraction to animals is common and natural, because it gives humans the satisfaction of interacting with another species in a playful manner. Kevin Richardson, otherwise known as “The Lion Whisperer” takes this human attraction to an entirely new level. Richardson is famous for rescuing and raising twenty-seven adopted lions from a game reserve in Johannesburg, South Africa. These lions were soon to be killed by hunters before Kevin Richardson stepped in and relocated these lions to his own land. He treats his felines as if they were equals, often wrestling, playing, and embracing them as if they were humans or as if he was a lion. For viewers these actions might be initially seen as incredible, witnessing a human interact so passionately with the King of the Jungle. Richardson states he is able to do this because he treats each individual lion differently, speaking to them, caressing them and, above all, treating them with respect (Roberts, 2007, p. 1). This relationship is a form of anthropomorphism, or giving animals human characteristics. The story of Kevin Richardson relates to many other cat human relationships that have been circulated...
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...He came to the conclusion that animals have emotions that are very similar to human feelings.. He proposes the idea that animals are afraid of death and injury as we are, and perhaps a reason we treat animals poorly at times is because we don’t understand this. He went on to say that animals have similar relationships as we have with other humans. Due to Bittner’s own research, he came to the conclusion that animals are built up from a bunch of chemicals as humans are, and that fact alone makes us both very similar. Animals were cut from the same cloth of the universe as humans and it is important to understand they deserve to live and be treated as fairly as humans are. From pondering the thought of anthropomorphism, Bittner came to the conclusion that everything is one and he makes this point when discussing how all religions are preaching the same thing. The same thing being the universal truth that we all experience as humans and animals. Bittner hopes that human beings will think of animals as more similar to us then they are different from...
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...1.Search Strategies are important in narrowing down your field, and to determine that you get the correct search parameters that you are looking for. There are numerous strategies that can be used to research literature online using the PsycINFO database. The best way to start a search is to determine the specific research questions in order to guide the search, using key terms and parameters. It is also important to determine all synonyms, alternate terminology and any word variations to narrow your search. The use of Boolear Operations such as the words; “and”, “or” will change the search results. Using the word “and” between each search term will give results that contain all the search terms, where using the word “or” between search terms will give results that contain at least one of the search terms. Focusing your search using limiters such as the document type, methodology, publication type and year are helpful search strategies to use in conjunction with the afore mentioned strategies. Using a variety of search strategies is important to limit your search to make it as efficient and effective as possible. When I first started the basic search I used the words pet ownership, beneficial, and health. The search options I used were to find any of my search terms, publication year 2005-2015, and English. This search generated 572 116 results. There were too many results to determine the relevance of these search results. I then used a basic search again using all the...
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...Animals and their ecosystems have many different relationships. The animals can have a love relationship, a love hate or a total more hate relationship. One relationship is a predator prey relationship. Another relationship animals have is that there are endangered animals. Animals are involved in many different relationships within their ecosystem. Animals that are predators eat other animals by killing them. Predators do this by spying on their prey until they feel it is time to strike (Overbeck 1). Predators that are watching their prey will sit and watch for a long time. When they finally feel that it is time to strike they get down real low. Their fur blends in with the tall grass or trees and when they get close enough the chase starts (Overbeck 1). Some predators can outrun their prey but others cannot; they have to think stealthily. They have to outsmart their prey by doing short cuts or watching for them to mess up. If they do not...
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...multiple ways. In this novel, Lennie shows how he has become reliant on others for everything. Lennie's face wrinkled with apprehension. "I don' know.(Steinbeck, 72)" This evidence suggests that Lennie doesn’t know what to do when he has to make decisions on his own. Another way Steinbeck shows loneliness is by showing the effect of lost companionship. In this novel, Crooks is portrayed as someone who has had to be lonely for so long that he needs someone's companionship. "A guy needs somebody to be near him." He whined "A guy goes nuts if he ain't got nobody. (Steinbeck, 72)" This quote shows how Crooks has had no one for so long that he yearns for the companionship of others. The last way Steinbeck displayed loneliness is by showing human- animal companionship. He said miserably, "you seen what they done to my dog tonight? When they can me here I wisht somebody'd...
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...intertwining pipe cleaners color coded to there respective elements (ie NH2 has blue and neon) Each CH2 contains one carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms (pink and neon) OH contains one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom (orange and neon) Diagram of Protein Structure Smith 4 Dehydration : Creating a Peptide Bond Smith 5 Diagram: Peptide Bond Broken by Hydrolysis Smith 6 The Four Forces that Stabilize Proteins at Tertiary Level The tertiary structure of proteins are dictated by several factors. Non polar molecules are also hydrophobic and they tend to gravitate towards the center of a protein structure, where there contact with water is minimized. In addition the polar (hydrophilic) R groups tend to want to congregate towards the outer aspects of the protein structure. A weak force occurs when there are tightly packed non polar R groups inside the protein, this is called Van der Waals interaction. Hydrogen bonds...
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...Always Reliable, Always True Humans have always had a reliable friend for over 10,000 years. The domestic dog has lived within villages and towns, working, guarding, protecting, and even healing people. Lives are shared with dogs more than any other animal. After many DNA tests and diagnostics, it has been found that dogs most indubitably have descended from the wolf. Dogs are domesticated trainable animals that depend on humans for their survival, the relationship does not need to change whether they are or are not descendants of the wolf. This is scientifically discovered proving how much the development of dogs has progressed. The canine species “are the only animals who will answer to their name and recognize the voice of the family”(Piny...
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...summarize what happens to the writer at the end of the five stage journey. Environmental scientists recognize that the fundamental source of energy for most life on earth is the sun. Through photosynthesis, plants capture the light and convert it into chemical potential energy. Plants then store the potential energy in the form of biomass. Only after an animal eats the plant is the potential energy from the sunlight released as kinetic energy for movement and growth. Photosynthesis is the chemical process by which green plants convert sunlight into sugar. In essence, this process transforms a wave of light energy into chemical potential energy, which the plant then stores in the molecular bonds of sugar molecules. The following steps will describe a journey through the photosynthesis process that occurs each time the sun’s light reaches the leaves of a plant: 1. Inside the chloroplast (a special organelle within a plant cell), a molecule of chlorophyll absorbs the light. The chlorophyll compound also gives the plant its green color. 2. A sequence of chemical reactions transfers the sun’s light energy into the chemical bonds that hold together special, energy-carrying molecules (the most common of which are called ATP). At this...
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