...Foreign students studied in Córdoba. They studied philosophy, music, and medicine with Muslim and Jewish scholars. The top two scholars inside the school are Muslim legal Scholar Ibn Rushd and Jewish legal Scholar Moses Maimonides. Because of the fame of the scientific knowledge and medicine, the good education, the famous students from Córdoba, this influence other people to come to Spain. The benefit of multiculturalism is that people can create new ideas, they can combine two type of medicine to create a new medicine that can save Black Death, also more countries, each countries have their own ideas which can help boost the creativity and improve the education system more. The benefits of multiculturalism is also that there are three religions in Spain so more people will immigrate to...
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...Short answer: With the short answers, you will be expected to write a paragraph answering one or more questions posed to you. a. Describe the importance of the individual in Renaissance humanist thought. Humanism, an educational and philosophical outlook that emphasizes the personal worth of the individual and the central importance of human values as opposed to religious belief, developed in Europe during the Renaissance, influenced by the study of ancient Greek and Latin literature and philosophy. Humanists believed that people should enjoy life on earth, and question the bible while interpreting how they wish. Humanism was more independent from the Roman Catholic Church, and allowed people to think about other things rather than just Religion. In art, music, philosophy, and political theory, the new emphasis was on what was human; hence the word humanism has come to describe much of the Italian Renaissance This effected the Renaissance Worldview because people of the time started to believe more in Humanist ideas and life on earth rather than just working to death, just to go to heaven. Or Individualism. People thought it right to be themselves - the great man can shape his own destiny. Humans are the center of the universe and the "measure of all things." Humans could do well at many things: "The Renaissance Man." Humans began to have a questioning attitude and challenged tradition and authority. They believed life on earth was more important than the afterlife...
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...During the period era between 500 and 1400, the entire Europe went through the process of disease, faith, feudalism and golden age. Throughout the years of the middle ages, 1/3 of europe's population was decimated, faith in God was renewed, and advancements in art, architecture and science occurred. Thus, the middle ages cannot be portrayed by using one label, however, the term “middle ages” is able to fully illustrate all three aspect that happened during the middle ages. The Middle Ages are often referred with numerous different labels: especially the Dark ages. For instance documents 1 provides clear illustration of Europe being referred to as the Dark Ages. Document 1 highlights the fact that Hungarians (barbarians) have sacked towns...
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...international community. A state must also contain a permanent population, an organized economy, and a functioning internal circulation system (infrastructure). Since certain countries have internal divisions, the solution is to capitalize “State” (e.g. State of Florida, State of Uttar Pradesh India)). When used for the formally independent political units, the term country and state are interchangeable. A nation, by contrast, is a tightly knit group of people possessing bonds of language, religion, ethnicity, and/or other shared cultural attributes. Theoretically, a nation-state is a recognized country possessing formal sovereignty and occupied by a people who see themselves as a single, united nation. In only a handful of countries do state territories largely coincide with the distribution of people who feel they are part of one nation. Iceland, Portugal, Denmark, and Poland are often cited as classic European nation-states. These are exceptional cases, and are even more uncommon outside Europe – Japan and Uruguay are good examples. significant events in this process. The Normans destroyed the Anglo-Saxon nobility; created a whole new political order, and achieved great national strength under William the Conqueror. The Norman victory linked England more closely with...
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...The Printing Press Introduction: The Advancement The advancement in question is the printing press, a technological innovation that profoundly altered human culture. It may be argued, in fact, that this advancement revolutionized humanity and society in a manner rivaled only by the modern advent of the Internet. Moreover, as will be discussed, these were impacts with both varied and far-reaching consequences: “Paper and printing paved the way for religious reformation and made possible popular education” (Thompson, 1978, p. 167). It is then all the more astonishing that such consequences could arise from so simple a mechanism, or that its development would be realized as late as the 15th century. What is generally considered the original version of the modern printing press is a machine consisting of several key components. A long wooden table provides the surface for setting out the paper and ink, and these are then placed under the upright frame of the press itself. Before this step, however, every stage requires exacting work. First, the type is needed, which are metal blocks with raised letters, numbers, and punctuation marks on one end. This type is then arranged to spell out the document, smeared with ink, and lowered by the frame onto the paper by means of a large and adjustable screw, supported by a cross beam (Hook, 2009, p. 46). The press is, again, hardly an impressive-looking feat of engineering. Essentially, it looks...
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...bloodshed and the failed invasion of Korea gave Tokugawa’s an opportunity to finally put at end to an era marked by errors of his former lord. As for that reason, he established his shongunate, the Tokugawa shongunate. Tokugawa shongunate change the social structure of Japan, it converted to a feudal system like the European social and political structure. However, its governance was characterized by warrior bureaucracy . The shogun was the head of state of feudal Japan. Most of the decision making and control was command by Tokugawa, however, the emperor was still the absolute leader over Japan and it was always necessary to advise the emperor of any decision; the emperor wasn’t very much active in the shogun’s governance, which it made the emperor’s orders not important within Tokugawa’s system. Daimyos were territorial lords, they oversaw taxation, control, order and discipline of their lands and its citizens. Below the Daimyos, we have:“4 systems ‘which are the samurai (also known as Bushi – hereditary soldiers ) peasants, craftsmen and merchants. Samurai were the military. Their duties were protecting their lord and his land by any circumstances, similar like the knights in Europe. Samurai ( or Bushi ) were always...
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...The French Revolution (French: Révolution française; 1789–1799) was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France that had a fundamental impact on French history and on modern history more broadly. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed within three years. French society underwent an epic transformation, as feudal, aristocratic and religious privileges evaporated under a sustained assault from radical left-wing political groups, masses on the streets, and peasants in the countryside.[1] Old ideas about tradition and hierarchy regarding monarchs, aristocrats, and the Catholic Church were abruptly overthrown by new principles of Liberté, égalité, fraternité (liberty, equality and fraternity). The royal houses across Europe were horrified and led a countercrusade that by 1814 had restored the old monarchy, but many major reforms became permanent. So too did antagonisms between the supporters and enemies of the Revolution, who fought politically over the next two centuries. Amidst a fiscal crisis, the common people of France were increasingly angered by the incompetency of King Louis XVI and the continued indifference and decadence of the aristocracy. This resentment, coupled with burgeoning Enlightenment ideals, fueled radical sentiments, and the French Revolution began in 1789 with the convocation of the Estates-General in May. The first year of the Revolution saw members of the Third Estate proclaiming the Tennis Court Oath in June, the assault...
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...enlightenment. Often they come fast, kill even faster, and then are gone. One pandemic that still plagues the world today, with no end in sight, is AIDS. An incurable virus that became the center of attention in the 1980's. Bubonic plague and AIDS are very different in nature, but have resulted in many similar political, economic, and cultural impacts within human societies. The differences and similarities of these pandemics can help us understand pandemics better and also can help us to prepare for future pandemics. First we must look at the bubonic plague, how it spread and how it impacted the world socially, economically, and culturally. It was first recorded in Europe by a Sicilian chronicler by the name of Michele da Piazza in October of 1347, who recorded the port of Messina having twelve galleys full of sailors carrying the disease down to the marrow of their bones.1 Black Death began to really take its toll in 1348, spreading through Italy, France, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, England, Denmark, to the Balkans, Palestine, Syria, and the coast of North Africa by the spring and summer of that year. By 1350 it had reached German and Eastern Europe and finally in 1352 reached Russia. Spreading from port to port, through trade and travel, from what appears to be person to person.2 Unlike the modern day agent of Black Death, that is only spread as fast as...
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...Historical Foundations Laketa Byrd American InterContinental University Abstract Latin was once the official language used in religion, education, law, business and government until the sixteenth century. Although Latin’s were able to adapt to the native language of other regions, the Latin language became less used and less recognizable to people and many vernacular languages were already beginning to form and spread. Because the vernacular language was easier for anyone to be able to read and write, it became the native language in the later part of the middle ages. Before this time, most texts and literature was written by either the French or Latin and only by those that were superior in literacy and education, professional and rich as they were the main ones using and able to read and write in Latin. When average everyday people started learning how to read and write, they created their own language as a way of communicating with each other, the vernacular language. This language was later used in in everyday life. In this report, I’ll discuss the origin of the vernacular language, how it became widespread and the impact this language had on society, religion and the Latin language. Historical Foundations Latin was once the only language of the Roman Catholic Church and was one of many common languages being used to worship God and was mainly used among the rich and those that were educated and highly literate to help people from...
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...The middle ages is a period that most certainly cannot be addressed as a period that no events occurred and all was so called "dark". Many Tragic events did happen, but during this period many events happened that weren't so dark. Such things as the rise of new Universities, the division of Christianity and the Renaissance. Let's begin to think of the middle ages as the birth of Western Civilization, instead of the images we have in our heads due to movies and high school history. During the High Middle Ages(1000CE-1300), ideas were changing, society became more interested in art, sports, education, and literature. Occupations and preoccupations differed from the feudal nobility and labouring peasants(McKay,Hill, Buckler,Crowston,Wiesner-Hanks, & Perry, 2012, p.298). Cities were now crowed and polluted and caused improvement in legal status. The sumptuary laws were laws that social groups needed to wear certain items clothing to distinguish from one another. The high social group wore velvet , silk, pearls while peasants wore dark clothing made of linen and wood blending(McKay,2012., p.300). So the interaction between the wealthy and peasants was common. Games and sports were a popular form of entertainment that united society. With that, Primary schooling was most of the time in monasteries, convents and cathedrals. By the 12th century the demand for trained officials increased, trade and feudalism were the cause of this development(History of Western Civilization...
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...Theories of radical nationalism and socialism became popular in the 19th century, when the Industrial Revolution had first started to really change things in Europe and in other Western countries. The quick changes in society during the 19th century created enormous social tensions and dissatisfaction among many. Workers, realizing that the wealthy had the most to gain from free market capitalism, turned to other ways of modernization including communism and socialism. Those who believed that they could achieve what they wanted by gradual reform of the existing political structure were socialists while those who believed that the old order needed to be completely replaced by force were communists. Others rejected the socialist emphasis on international class politics and proposed nationalism as another alternative to individualistic capitalism. Unlike socialists or communists, nationalists believed that there was nothing inherently wrong with capitalism. They just thought it should be regulated and made to benefit the nation as a whole in addition to the few individuals who owned the means of production. In either case, political philosophies that emphasized nation and class were responses to a changing world that had uprooted old social beliefs. Communism, which is also described as "Revolutionary Proletarian Socialism" or "Marxism," is both a political and economic philosophy. The Communist Manifesto is widely regarded as the founding documents of modern communism...
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...Lakari Fleshman Unit 2 Individual Project Topics in Cultural Studies HUMA215-1301A-36 Vernacular language is native of a particular group, region or country; mainly spoken as opposed to written. Until the 12th century, Latin was the language used among the educated and within literature. It is no surprise that Latin had such an impact on the medieval world. Latin owes its dominance to the rise of the Roman Empire from several hundred years B.C. to its demise around 1200 A.D. All through the time that it reigned supreme, Rome exported not only its values, architecture, law and art, but also its language. When the empire began to fall, the Latin language began to lose its hold on the people of Europe and North Africa. Since the empire began shrinking as early as the eighth and ninth century it is not surprising that the people living furthest from Rome itself were the first to undergo a cultural and ethnic revival, an integral part of this revival would be the use of their own vernacular language rather than the use of Latin. Latin became widely spread with the expansion of the Roman Empire. Latin eventually became the dominant the dominant language in the western half of the Empire. There were several Italic languages all belonging to the Indo-European linguistic family, Latin was among languages and its development was influenced by other tongues, including Celtic, Etruscan and Greek languages...
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...changes that resulted from this shift in language. The History of Vernacular Languages One definition for vernacular language is “The everyday language spoken by a people as distinguished from the literary language” (Farlex Inc,, 2013). There are many forms of vernacular languages that vary from region to region within a particular country. A few examples include: Celtic Languages, such as, Irish Gaelic, Scots Gaelic (Erse), Manx Gaelic Germanic languages, such as, Bavarian German, Dutch, English (Old English, Anglo-Saxon), Frisian, High German, Low German, and Yiddish. During the rise of the Roman Empire Latin became the common language. Only the upper class and clergy were literate in Latin. During the High Middle Ages, the feudal aristocracy felt the need for literacy and education. This created a demand for literature that applied to the lives if the ruling military class. This brought about the beginning of the spread of different forms of vernacular language. The spread of vernacular languages was also due to the consolidation of monarchies and the decreased papal influence. Due to the breakdown of Christendom, separate countries ruled by one king or emperor (Applied History Research Group, 1997). These events created a newfound sense of closeness among people in their own region, as well as a sense of pride for their developing individual nations. By the end of the twelfth century, Latin was still used in formal politics, but in England and France government...
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...as awful and irreversible as the first nuclear explosion, and all history has been permanently changed by it.’ The French Revolution is largely regarded as an important event in modern international history because of the way it has had international impact and continued to have international repercussions and influences on society and thought today. This essay will look at different aspects of the French Revolution and discuss how the different components of the revolution have affected the world and the impact of these at the time of the event. For the purposes of this essay the French Revolution will be defined as the insurrection in France that began in 1789 and ended in 1815 with the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo. The actual dates of the revolution are widely contested but for the purposes of this essay, these dates will be used as a framework. Modern international will be assumed to mean the period of history from the Napoleonic Wars. No single cause can be singled out for the French Revolution; although historians agree that it was a culmination of international and domestic events that sparked the revolution. The following reasons are commonly adduced; France had the largest population in Europe and could not feed it adequately, the rich and expanding bourgeoisie was excluded...
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...What was the impact of the Norman Conquest? With the Norman Conquest there certainly came change, impacting certain areas of government and society, some clear and some more superficial, yet despite this there was underlying continuity from the Anglo Saxon era in other areas. There was clear change in areas such as the military, geopolitics, land tenure and social life under the Normans took on a different pattern. The underlying continuity can be seen in the administration system, justice and religion. Indeed it could be argued that this underlying continuity ensured that the potentially revolutionary change remained evolutionary. The social life of the vast majority of the English population changed quite considerably under the new “Conqueror King”. William was much more ruthless than previous Kings, with many contemporary commentators noting that he was “stronger” than any past kings. This ruthless nature was shown in his savage policy of wasting where many villages were burnt to the ground. This is especially seen in the “Harrying of the North”. These were a series of campaigns undertaken by William in the 1069-70 Winter to bring the rebellious North to tow. A previously independent part of the country was now subjugated under Norman rule, and this wide spread destruction dealt with the previously ever lingering problem of the North being separate from the rest of the country. This savage way of dealing with rebellions set a precedent for the rest of the country...
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