...Study of market: The impact of OECD & EU regulations on the Government IT market. A. Subject and scope of the study The initial Business Strategic Review (BSR) made by the Government (GOV) Business Community in 2010 has shown a lack of reusable solutions from one country to another in the Public Sector. Therefore we would like to investigate a new way to build up an international cooperation and to derive national IT needs from international regulations issued far in advance. The main focus of the study should be on the impact of European (EU) and of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) directives and regulations on the European Member States (MS) in the area of Government-to-Government (G2G) collaboration between fiscal Administrations (typically Customs & Excises, but also VAT and more generally any Taxation department involved in fight against fraud or debt recollection at international level). Business-to-Government B2G exchange of information derived from such regulations, for instance between banks and their national fiscal Administration are also of interest since it can induce spin-off business for and enhance the synergy with the Private Sector. B. Objectives The objective is to detect national IT needs in fiscal area far in advance on base of international regulations issued a few years before in order : * to anticipate the Requests For Quotation (RFQ) * to amortize the non recurring cost of the developments...
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...Academic writing Semester: Fall 2014 Academic Paper EU EXPANSION: Accession of Turkey and its potential impact on the atmosphere within the EU Rauf Asadullayev Instructor: Christopher Weilage Munich, Germany, 2014 Table of contents 1.Introduction………………………………………….…………………………3 2. The Association agreement…………………………………………….……..4 3. The Ankara Agreement………………….…………………………………...6 4. Customs Union………………………………………………………………..7 5. Turkish government and the accession of Cyprus in the EU………………8 5.1 Turkey’s short term economic effect on the EU…………………………..9 5.2 Turkey’s territorial advantages for the EU……………………………….10 5.3 Religion and culture in Turkey…………………………………………….11 5.4 Food in Turkey and its safety- Security and the EU……...………………12 6. Impact of EU’s democratic standards to Turkey…………………………..13 7. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….16 Index of Abbreviations BTC- Baku Tbilisi Ceyhan EEC- European Economic Community EU-European Union EC- European Council EP- European Parliament FAO- Food and agriculture organization SEES-Southeastern European states Introduction Europe - the cradle of human civilization, boiling pot full of many various nationalities, cultures and languages. Geographical borders within and outside of the Europe have changed every time when a new Empires began to flourish. Even now, in the 21st century borders of EU are not defined clearly. Should the Borders be set according...
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...Assess the impact of EU and national regulations on the prices of natural gas across the EU”. Abstract: European natural gas market currently has a decline of indigenous resources that is, at the same time, combined with the growing dependence of gas supplies coming from a few foreign exporters. As a result of this, new EU regulations and polices are proposed. This paper will analyze the past gas reforms and will try to assess the impact of those regulations on prices for natural gas and also investigate the competition of the EU natural gas market. The empirical analysis will focus on reform indicators such as vertical integration and market structure of the natural gas market, in order to show how these indicators are related to prices. By Kirill Osaulenko Content 1.0 Introduction ……………………………………………………..3 2.0 Literature Review ……………………………………………….3 2.1 The Structure Of the Gas Market in Europe ………………...3 2.2 How competitive is the natural gas market in Europe ……....4 2.3 Liberalization process across Europe………………………..5 2.4 Existing Empirical Evidence in the Academic Literature …..7 2.5 Summary of the review……………………………………...9 3.0 Competition in the EU gas Market …………………………….10 3.1 Wholesale Market ………………………………………….11 3.2 Production Market …………………………………………12 3.3 Conclusion on the competition in EU………………………12 4.0 EU Gas Industry...
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...Understanding the Impacts of the EU Framework Program of Research and Technological Development On the basis of Stratospheric Ozone Research "1 1) Evaluation of Framework Program Amsterdam Treaty obligated EU to implement some European research program and policies in order to not fall beyond the world’ powerful countries such as United States or Japan. Because of this obligation also involved a chapter on research and technological development, Framework Program of Research and Technological Development was established at early 80s. The main reasons of Framework Program focus on carrying European Union to the world standards in the basis of research and development and make EU to be able to compete with other countries on R&D areas, notably in energy and Information Technology. Even so Framework Program had been started as one of the supportive program of R&D, day by day it has become to be one of the most powerful and important component of EU policy. In connection with EU’s desire on becoming as one body, EU had to develop a way to be better at research and development areas than nation states. Nation states were already making investment on R&D therefore there was no need to depend on EU and this point of view was conflicting with EU’s. Therefore to avoid and block the diversification between member states and EU, EU has started to invest on Framework Program more and more by the time of progress and this made Framework Program sustainable and successful...
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...Description of the topic General View Cohesion policy in the European Union has the intended purpose of reducing differences between the member states in matters of economic, social and territorial importance and works to ensure that each region achieves its full potential. Moreover, Article 174 of the Lisbon Treaty states that the policy aims to promote ‘overall harmonious development’ of the EU through the ‘strengthening of its economic, social and territorial cohesion’. According to the European Commission, ignoring the disparities that are apparent across the EU would undermine the single market and single currency, justifying the large percentage of the budget that is spent on these policies . The Greek Case As we know Greek regions have benefited from the inflow of community funds since 1981,when Greece joined the European Union. At this point we believe that we have to present briefly the main funding that Greece has received from 1986 to 2006.Firstly, we have to mention the Mediterranean Integrated Programmes (MIPs) from 1986 to 1993,which <<pushed>> the available funds to small infrastructure projects in Greece. Moreover, we have also to state that the 1994-1999 Community Support Framework, gave the incentives to the country to implement the major infrastructure projects of national character. These infrastructures (railway network,ports,highways) helped Greece not only to connect with other countries but also to be prepared to enter in the Economic...
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...economic impact of EU membership on the UK This note examines the various channels through which membership of the EU affects the UK economy. A general sense of the EU’s economic impact can be gained by reading Section 1 alone. Subsequent sections deal with particular issues, such as the EU’s effect on UK trade relations, in more detail, and compare the UK’s situation with alternative arrangements. Contents 1 Introduction and summary 2 2 Cost-benefit analyses of EU membership 5 3 The effect of the EU on UK trade relations 6 4 Impact of immigration from the EU 16 5 The impact of EU regulation 20 6 Fiscal consequences of EU membership – the EU budget 23 7 The EU’s effect on consumer prices 28 8 Foreign direct investment (FDI) 30 Appendix table: a comparison of the EU with alternative trading arrangements 32 Boxes Would independence over trade policy lead to better results? 15 The EU budget – winners and losers 27 Trade barriers and economic efficiency 29 Related Library briefings Leaving the EU, Research Paper RP13/42 In brief: UK-EU economic relations, Standard Note SN6091 Norway’s relationship with the EU, Standard Note SN6522 Switzerland’s relationship with the EU, Standard Note SN6090 The UK and Europe: time for a new relationship?, Standard Note SN6393 1 Introduction and summary 1.1 Understanding the economic impact of EU membership EU membership...
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...The impact of international factors on Easy Jet This report explains the impact of international fators on EasyJet Stacey Coffie The impact of international factors on Easy Jet This report explains the impact of international fators on EasyJet Stacey Coffie 2014 2014 Introduction: This assignment task describes the impact of international factors on Easy Jet. It will be focusing on the European factors and specifically the impact which the EU has. European factors have an effect on the UK economy as the UK is a member of the EU. The EU affects the way that the UK businesses perform. The EU began in the 1950’s and started off as European communities. France and Germany were the first countries to join however, 25 more countries joined the EU making it 27 members. The purpose of the EU is to allow people to move freely within the EU countries and also allow goods and services to move freely within the EU participating countries. This also means that the EU can import goods from non EU countries in bulk and they can distribute it without the member countries having to pay any extra costs. Having this has meant that it is cheaper to trade within the EU. European policies The European policies which impact Easy Jet are business growth and employment, education, economics and finance and environment. Business, Growth and Employment The business, business growth and employment is a consolation paper to investigate ways to invest and grow that are smarter and greener...
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...negotiation of its kind to have taken place between the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). It indeed would change the way business is conducted on both side of the Atlantic and would open many Economic opportunities to both parties. The EU and the US have a multitude of trade agreements with other countries according to the World Trade Organization (WTO) the US has 14 bilateral agreements with several countries (NAFTA with the US, Canada and Mexico, CAFTA which is an agreement done with various states in the Caribbean). The EU has 35 bilateral agreements. We find that the TTIP is not...
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...Table of contents 1. Introduction 2 2. The variety of economic and political systems in Europe 3 3. The institution European Union. 7 4. The impact of the EU on its member states. 11 5. Lobbying in the EU. 13 6. Conclusion 17 References 17 Appendices 17 1. Introduction On January 1st. 2007, the European Union (EU) has completed its last enlargement round till now by accepting Romania and Bulgaria as full members. The union now counts 27 member states, incorporating an enormous number of more than half a billion inhabitants. Obviously, each member largely effects and is affected by the European Union. The research interest of this paper is therefore to shed light on the construct European Union, by exploring the relationship between the European Union, its member states and constituents. The topic will be approached by first examining the varieties and interrelations of political and economic systems in major European countries. In a second step, the organizations and the governance of the European Union will be discussed, leading to the analysis of the EU impact on its member states. The third part is an analysis of the expression of interest in the EU. Finally, main arguments will be summarized to arrive at a conclusion. 2. The variety of economic and political systems in Europe The legitimation of a community like the European Union is inevitably linked to the existence...
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...The European Union (EU) is a union of twenty-seven independent states based on the European Communities and founded to enhance political, economic and social co-operation. Formerly known as European Community (EC) or European Economic Community (EEC). All information about EU: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union The business implication of the EU: http://books.google.com.vn/books?id=73nQYLkj4lIC&pg=PA519&lpg=PA519&dq=eu%27s+effect+on+international+business+law&source=bl&ots=jZi4MvJL_n&sig=UZV5j9RNWCPcvCUyZin5nYd3DHU&hl=vi&ei=jHSbTI3FDo2osQPK8LzVBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false Page 518/ Text book: IBL and its environment. The impact of EU on international trade The European Union has had a significant influence upon international trade, especially in respect of the countries that are member states in the Union. However, it has also had an impact on global trade generally. Internally, trading between the member states within the European Union has become less restrictive, because of the laws and regulations passed. Trade barriers between member states have been virtually eliminated and strict regulations have been applied to ensure fair competition for all. It is partially resulting from these moves that countries like those in the Baltic States are clamoring to join the EU. The EU also protects its member states from unfair competition tactics that other nations might use. The economic power of the Union is such that...
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...Social Context: In the recent years the EU has increasingly been studied as a particular kind of international actor with a focus on the ways in which its international policies are made and pursued. Such scholarly endeavors reflect both empirical importance and analytical challenge regarding the EU’s status as a global actor. Empirically, the EU carries importance in global economy, international diplomacy, soft security, and broader world order. Analytically, it poses major challenge by virtue of its status as a something more than an intergovernmental organization but less than a fully-fledged European state. Therefore a tendency has prevailed that the EU’s external behavior can be understood through a combination of understanding the EU’s sui generis qualities, and a reliance on the tools of comparative politics. Consequently, the subject of international relations of the European Union’ is a neglected one. This volume/book widens the perspective from ‘the EU as a global actor’ to ‘international relations and the EU’. This focus does not rule out consideration of the EU’s credentials as an international/global actor, rather it connects this issue to the broader study of IR and of international policy-making. Thus ‘International Relations and the European Union’ is about both the place of Europe in the world and the way the world contributes to the shaping of Europe. At the same time, it is about the place, actual and appropriate, of the EU in the academic subjects International...
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...an exit from the EU benefit the British economy? Advocates of the UK leaving the EU claim that there would be little trouble negotiating a free trade agreement with the EU once it left, because the UK has a large trade deficit with the rest of the Union. If trade barriers between Britain and the remaining member-states were erected upon exit, the EU would lose more exports earnings from Britain than vice versa. At the same time, the UK would be freed from the burdens of EU regulation and hence able to boost trade with faster growing parts of the world, nations such as China, US and emerging markets that include India that are not part of Europe. This could be done by eliminating tariffs and signing trade agreements without the constraints of EU membership. Undermining this assertion is the belief that the UK is a big enough economy to be an effective trade negotiator in its own right. As a result it might be concluded that the UK would see little impact from leaving the EU except perhaps a minor reduction in trade while new arrangements were made. However, it would be ill judged to assume that the UK would be able to dictate terms with the EU simply because it is running a trade deficit. Primarily, the EU buys half of Britain's exports whereas the UK accounts for little over 10 per cent of exports from the rest of the EU, so the UK would be in a weak position to negotiate access on its terms. Furthermore, it could be argued that the UK's access to many non-EU markets comes as...
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...50 countries, 650 organizations, 4000 experts * Provides information and advice to local business on EU policies * Gives feedback to the EU institutions * Finds commercial and technological partners throughout the European Union * Provides support in innovation and internationalization Examples of questions: * What are the expected changes of the rules for my products in the next months? * How can I get my VAT back in another country? * What is the EU law for waste management? * How can I manage to enter the Polish Market? * … Monitoring the EU policies: why? * 80% of economic and social relevant policies come from the EU and are coordinated between member states. * 17 of them are sharing the same currency * EU decision making is important at all levels, from the EU to the regions and cities (more than 366 bns of euros will be invested in the Eu economy uo to 2020) * 70% of the EU policies have a direct impact on the regional development * 80% of our regional exportations go to the EU * 96% of our regional exportations enterprises do it in the EU Community rules are fully applicable in the member states to all legal entities Primacy: incase of conflict, the community rule shall prevail Direct effect: a company or an individual can involve the community law and request the court to base its decision on EU law Pre-emption: In .. The...
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...EU action against climate change Working with developing countries to tackle climate change Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union New freephone number: (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://ec.europa.eu). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2007 ISBN 978-92-79-06576-7 © European Communities, 2007 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Belgium Printed on recycled paper that has been awarded the EU eco-label for graphic paper (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ecolabel) EU action against climate change Working with developing countries to tackle climate change Introduction EU cooperation with developing countries on climate change Supporting adaptation and capacity building Providing clean and secure energy supplies Stimulating clean development through EU emissions trading Promoting sustainable forestry Assisting developing countries through climate research 5 10 14 17 20 22 24 Introduction As the world’s largest donor of development assistance, the European Union is strongly committed to supporting developing countries...
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...Have you ever wondered how technology has changed the utilitarian relationship between human and fish? Well, it has had many effects on how we fish and the fishes in the sea as well. As technology has become more and more advanced that has made our fishing more efficient meaning that it has become easier for us to catch more fish. This has and will impact human lives in a very critical way. Along with other of Earth’s resources we have to learn and take care of our environment to keep it in a Holocene state for a very long time. Earth’s resource limited but shared resources have led to much competition among humans. The relationship between humans and fish has evolved over the years along with the new developed technological advancements in fishing. There are many examples around the globe that relationship with fish has changed because of technology. In 1992 the collapse of the Newfoundland Grand Banks Cod fishery in Canada was mainly caused by the technological advancements made in fishing. The Newfoundland Grand Banks was once renowned as the world’s most productive fishing grounds. The first European explorers described the waters as being so full, one just had to lower a basket into the water and it would come up filled with cod. Up to the 1950s the bounty of the Grand Banks was enough to supply local small-scale fishing, as well as feed millions of harp seals. But this happy picture was not to last. The Grand Banks fishery was destroyed by technological advances in fishing...
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