...history of auditing The evolution of auditing is a complicated history that has always been changing through historical events. Auditing always changed to meet the needs of the business environment of that day. Auditing has been around since the beginning of human civilization, focusing mainly, at first, on finding fraud. As the United States grew, the business world grew, and auditing began to play more important roles. In the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, people began to invest money into large corporations. The Stock Market crash of 1929 and various scandals made auditors realize that their roles in society were very important. Scandals and stock market crashes made auditors aware of deficiencies in auditing, and the auditing community was always quick to fix those deficiencies. The auditors’ job became more difficult as the accounting principles changed, and became easier with the use of internal controls. These controls introduced the need for testing; not an in-depth detailed audit. Auditing jobs would have to change to meet the changing business world. The invention of computers impacted the auditors’ world by making their job at times easier and at times making their job more difficult. Finally, the auditors’ job of certifying and testing companies’ financial statements is the backbone of the business world. Introduction Auditing has been the backbone of the complicated business world and has always changed with the times. As the business world grew strong, auditors’...
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...SAMPLE RESEARCH PROPOSAL PROMOTING GOOD GOVERNANCE IN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS OF GHANA: THE ROLE OF THE INTERNAL AUDITOR 5/5/2009 SCHOOL OF BUSINESS, UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST, GHANA ISHMEAL OFORI AMPONSAH (STUDENT) Table of Contents Introduction........................................................................................ ........................3 Background of the Study ........................................................................................3 Problem Statement............................................................................................ ......4 Research Questions: .................................................................................. .........4 Hypothesis:..........................................................................................................4 Objectives............................................................................................................... .5 Significance of Study............................................................................... ................5 Literature Review.................................................................................................... ....6 Definition of Internal Audit...................................................................................6 Role of the Internal Auditor in governance ..........................................................7 Methodology...........................................................................
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...Sampaloc Manila Job Opportunities for Internal Auditing Graduates A Research Paper Presented to the Institute of Accounts, Business & Finance Proponents: Ballan, Mary Jane M. Bautista, Dennis V. Burce, Jayraldine D. Culaton, Mary Joy C. Dacillo, Jessmin P. (Leader) Maquinano, Jem Karol R. Ortiz, Maribel G. Quiros, Marco M. Reyes, Angela M. Palencia, Alfred Foster M. Pascual, Karl Alexis M. Villanueva, Christian Paul M. In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in Internal Auditing Dr. FE R. OCHOTORENA, CPA Adviser First Semester Academic Year 2014-2015 Job Opportunities for Internal Auditing Graduates AIA0807/Group 3 Abstract Internal auditing helps the organization to achieve its future goals by improving the business process of the organizations. The purpose of this study is to determine the job opportunities of Internal Auditing graduates. This study used the descriptive method of research and used non-probability sampling technique specifically stratified random sampling. This study revealed that job opportunities for the Internal Auditing graduates are rising in foreign companies particularly for the positions of Junior Internal Auditors given that Internal Auditing is designed to add value by helping organizations achieve its objectives. We conclude that many companies are already appreciating the importance of internal auditing function in their organizations resulting to increase...
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...definitive on this: i) Attribute Standard 1210 - Proficiency Internal auditors should possess the knowledge, skills and other competencies needed to perform their individual responsibilities. The internal audit activity collectively should possess or obtain the knowledge, skills and other competencies needed to perform its responsibilities. ii) Performance Standard 2030 - Resource Management The Chief Audit Executive should ensure that internal audit resources are appropriate, sufficient and effectively deployed to achieve the approved plan. Professionalism Internal auditing is grounded in professionalism and efficiency. Today's internal auditors are a far cry from the 'fault finders' or 'policeman' role that the profession has long been associated with. Modern day internal auditors are routinely consulted on all aspects of the organisation's activities from strategic planning issues to the standard day-to-day operational issues relating to the risk environment and internal control framework. They are continually on the lookout for emerging risks and changing risk profiles which may have an adverse impact on the organisation. They form the 'eyes' and 'ears' of Audit Committees who rely on their work before executing statements of internal control...
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...Introduction Auditing is an independent, objective assurance & consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization’s operations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control and governance processes. Auditing is globally recognized. It is counter check to accounting data so that any error, mistake or fraud can be easily detected through the technique of auditing. It is the primary source of advice on efficiency, effectiveness and overall economy of an establishment. Auditing starts its journey where accounting end. In today’s society the exercise of an auditor’s to the economic and ethical leadership sets the bounding standard or in other words equips an auditor in such a way that recognizes him as a reliable body. With the growing conscious recognition of the importance of financial data in the ordering of everyday business and economic life, the need of basic economic facts is providing a constantly enlarging opportunity for the accounting profession. The auditors' reports have an especial capacity to fulfill the need for reliable and authoritative financial material not only because of the reputation or prestige of the certified statements, but also because of the significance generally attached by the business man to the functions of the auditor and his reports. These functions, and the scope of these reports, have in the past...
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...Introduction Auditing is an independent, objective assurance & consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization’s operations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control and governance processes. Auditing is globally recognized. It is counter check to accounting data so that any error, mistake or fraud can be easily detected through the technique of auditing. It is the primary source of advice on efficiency, effectiveness and overall economy of an establishment. Auditing starts its journey where accounting end. In today’s society the exercise of an auditor’s to the economic and ethical leadership sets the bounding standard or in other words equips an auditor in such a way that recognizes him as a reliable body. With the growing conscious recognition of the importance of financial data in the ordering of everyday business and economic life, the need of basic economic facts is providing a constantly enlarging opportunity for the accounting profession. The auditors' reports have an especial capacity to fulfill the need for reliable and authoritative financial material not only because of the reputation or prestige of the certified statements, but also because of the significance generally attached by the business man to the functions of the auditor and his reports. These functions, and the scope of these reports, have in the past...
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...Contents Introduction: 3 Purpose of ICAB: 5 ICAB's Vision: 5 ICAB's Mission Statement 6 ICAB's Aims and Objectives 6 Methodology 7 Affiliation 8 Methodology of ICAB 8 various methods of ICAB in trade, commerce, industry, Finance, etc.: 9 Literature review: 10 ICAB's publications: 10 functions of Charterd accountants engaged in public practises: 11 The role of ICAB 12 Conclusion: 16 References 17 ABSTRACT To meet the ever-changing global economic demands dominated by WTO regime, the ICAB is fast becoming a body of professionals whose have ability. The main research objective is to determine "the development of financial accounting and the role of ICAB". Their literature review describes the main viewpoints in the literature, strategies of various viewpoints and so on. The development of accounting not very easy project or analysis subject in accounting policy. So many companies are trying to do their best to develop their accounting in finance. Which prompt us to formulate some hypotheses; this methodology helps us to see the development of financial accounting as a spot shoot. This methodology also enables us to explain the academic value of our research on this topic; and enable us to define the method and technique of financial accounting. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh (ICAB) has been constantly pursuing that noble duty in the CA professionals. ICAB is the sole apex body responsible for regulating the profession of accountants and the...
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...JetBlue Audit Paper Name Institution Introduction JetBlue boasts to be a local low-cost airline in the United States having being incorporated back in 1998 with the delivery of services commencing in 2000. The incorporation of the airline occurred in Delaware in August, and many consider it a New York hometown carrier. Jet Blue had an approximately 32 million passengers in the year 2014 and the mean flights in a day were 825. Last year, the carrier number of passengers increased to 35 million with an average of 900 flights in a day. Moreover, it was the fifth largest carrier of travelers in 2015 with around 90 destinations in the USA. Considerably, JetBlue since the commencement of operations accomplished success in a duration of six years (JetBlue , 2016). Nevertheless, the company has various shortcomings in its procedures, and the evaluation of the corporation can provide more insights. JetBlue operating environment In the past years, the cost of fuel has continued to be low, and this has enabled JetBlue to have up surged revenues. The airline is also high with a considerable demand of customers as it has one of the best customer services. JetBlue management has over the years continued to monitor expenditures, and this has led to the success of the carrier. The revenue increment of JetBlue has tom some extent outperformed the airline industry by a mean of 6 %. JetBlue had a debt ratio of approximately 0.48 in 2015, which is at its lowest. Undeniably, this is an...
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...management accounting information is used within an organisation and is usually confidential and accessible only to a small group, mostly decision-makers. Tax Accounting is the accounting needed to comply with jurisdictional tax regulations. Practitioners of accountancy are known as accountants. There are many professional bodies for accountants throughout the world. Many allow their members to use titles indicating their membership or qualification level. Examples are Chartered Certified Accountant (ACCA or FCCA), Chartered Accountant (FCA, CA or ACA), Management Accountant (ACMA, FCMA or AICWA), Certified Public Accountant (CPA) and Certified General Accountant (CGA or FCGA). Auditing is a related but separate discipline, with two sub-disciplines: internal auditing and external auditing. External auditing is the process whereby an independent auditor examines an organisation's financial statements and accounting records in order to express an opinion as to the truth and fairness of the statements and the...
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...IT Audit Seminar organized by National Audit Office, China 1 to 4 September 2004 Paper on “Formulation of IT Auditing Standards” By -- Ms.Puja S Mandol and Ms. Monika Verma Supreme Audit Institution of India Introduction The use of computers and computer based information systems have pervaded deep and wide in every modern day organization. An organization must exercise control over these computer based information systems because the cost of errors and irregularities that may arise in these systems can be high and can even challenge the very existence of the organization. An organizations ability to survive can be severely undermined through corruption or destruction of its database; decision making errors caused by poor-quality information systems; losses incurred through computer abuses; loss of computer assets and their control on how the computers are used within the organization. Therefore managements across the world have deployed specialized auditors to audit their information systems to find out gaps between declared policies and actual use and shortcomings in the information system design and usage. Information Systems Audit is the process of collecting and evaluating evidence to determine whether a computer system has been designed to maintain data integrity, safeguard assets, allows organizational goals to be achieved effectively and uses the resources efficiently. The IS Auditor should see that not only adequate internal controls exist...
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...corporate policies, working practices etc. are added, the result is a system of management control, although often the components of the system lead to different behaviors. In his seminal work on the subject, Anthony (1965) defined management control as: “The process by which managers assume that resources are obtained and used effectively and efficiently in the accomplishment of the organisation’s objectives” His classic categorization of control was of three levels; strategic, management and operational which he saw as linked. In his work, management control was seen as the interface between strategic planning and operational control such that management control ensured that day-to-day operations were consistent with overall strategy and that strategy was implemented through day-to-day activities. Otley and Berry (1980) defined management control as monitoring activities and then taking actions in order to ensure that desired ends are attained. They developed their model of management control system as a cybernetic control process that involved four...
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...Submission of Research paper as a part of curricular activity. Forensic Accounting: A new dynamic approach to investigate fraud. SUBMITTED BY: Aniket Desai (12BBL016) Alakananda Duggirala (12BBL016) Rut Shah (12BBL051) SUBMITTED TO: Dr. Pranav Saraswat For the academic session July to December 2014 1 PREFACE This research project is carried out as a part of curricular activity for the course of Financial Audit, in semester V for the programme B.com LLB (Hons.). We have tried our best to do justice with the project and put it in black and white the research we've done in the last three months. Regards, Aniket Desai Alakananda Duggirala Rut Shah Date: 2th November, 2014 _______________________________ Signature of the researchers. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We owe a debt of gratitude to Dr (Mr.) Pranav Saraswat, the faculty for the course of Financial Audit, for his constant guidance and support which helped us to conceive this research project. It is also my duty to record my thankfulness to Dr. Atul Bhatt, the librarian of the Institute of law, Nirma University for keeping handy useful resources which helped me collect information and datas which was very important for my doctrinal research work. Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to thank my friends and colleagues for the support whenever required. Regards, Aniket Desai Alakananda Duggirala Rut Shah 3 DECLARATION We hereby declare that this piece of written work...
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...The Importance of Islamic Accounting in Modern Era by: Chusnul Asfadillah Student of Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia +62899 372 1772 Ines Nur Latifah Student of Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia +62878 8432 3738 DR. Raditya Sukmana Lecturer of Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia + 62 878 5421 6776 ABSTRACT Purpose – This paper aims to determine the importance of the Islamic Accounting in modern era. In particular, the paper analyzes the values of the Islamic principles in the accounting process that prevent the unexpected activity such as fraud, dishonest etc to appear in reality. Arthur Anderson case was a result of the fraudulent activities that lead to its termination. Certainly this kind of case is expecting not to be happened in the future. Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts the descriptive analysis and elaboration of the important element of the Islamic principles used in the accounting process. Furthermore, this paper attempt to make clear distinction between values underlying the Islamic accounting and that of the conventional accounting. Findings – the comparison of those two systems leads to the conclusion that the value in Islam such as honest, fair, truth (which is important in the Islamic accounting process) has more meaning than the similar value of in the conventional accounting. Hold firmly the Islamic value obviously leads to the decrease fraudulent practices and other unexpected activities. Moreover, it increases the social...
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...Table of Contents AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 5 Chapter 1 6 1. INTRODUCTION TO RISK MANAGEMENT 6 1.1. Risk Management-An Overview 6 1.2. IMPORTANCE OF THE RESEARCH 7 1.3. RISK MANAGEMENT EMERGANCE-REASONS AND FACTS 8 1.4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 9 1.5. LIMITATION OF RESEARCH 10 CHAPTER 2 11 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 11 2.1. DEFINITION OF RISK MANAGEMENT 11 2.2. DIFFERENT TYPES OF RISKS IN BUSINESS 12 2.3. CONSTRAINTS 14 2.4. RISK ASSESSMENT 14 2.5. HISTORY OF RISK MANAGEMENT 15 2.6. PROCESS OF RISK MANAGEMENT 15 2.7. Enterprise Risk Management 16 2.8. ERM&CRO 18 2.9. BANKING RISK 19 2.10. Credit risk management in UK banking sector 19 CHAPTER 3 21 3. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 21 3.1. ECONOMIC CRISIS AND BANKS OF UK 21 3.2. Minimizing the moral difficulties involved in the originate and distribute model of banking. 22 3.3. Transparency of risk in financial products is essential if regulation is to work 22 3.4. Reform Basel ii so that it is not so pro-cyclical 23 3.5. RISK MANAGEMENT AND COSTS OF BANKING CRISIS 24 3.6. Costs of Risk 25 3.7. SIGNIFICANCE OF REGULATORY STYLE 26 3.8. KEY WAYS TO MITIGATE BUSINESS RISK 27 3.9. Risk dash board every bank needs 28 3.10. ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND 29 3.11. RISK MANAGEMENT AT KENYA COMMERCIAL BANK (KCB) 29 3.12. Risk management in hotel and tourism industry in India and in the whole world 30 3.13. The management of risk in agricultural sector in the United States of America 31 3.14. THE ROLE OF INTERNAL AUDITORS IN RISK MANAGEMENT...
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...and optional subjects, and every candidate shall take all the compulsory subjects and opt for three of the optional subjects carrying 600 marks in all but not more than 200 marks from a single group. 2. A candidate shall answer the language papers in the language concerned. The question paper in Islamiat is to be answered in Urdu or English. All other papers must be answered in English. Violation of this instruction shall incur cancellation of the concerned paper(s) and consequently award of Zero. 3. The compulsory and optional subjects and maximum marks fixed for each subject shall be as below: Sr. No. 1 2 3 COMPULSORY SUBJECTS Subjects English (Précis & Composition) English Essay General Knowledge (a) Current Affairs 100 (b) Every Day Science 100 (c) Pakistan Affairs 100 Islamiat Viva Voce Total Maximum Marks 100 100 300 100 300 900 600 120 4 5 Qualifying marks in the aggregate of written papers: Qualifying marks in the Viva Voce: The non-Muslim candidates will have the option to take Islamiat as a compulsory subject or otherwise Pakistan Affairs (General Knowledge PaperIII) will be treated of 200 marks and counted in lieu of Islamiat. A candidate who fails to appear in any of the compulsory subject will not be allowed to appear in the remaining papers of the examination. No candidate shall be summoned for Viva voce test unless he has obtained at least 33 percent marks in each optional subject, 40% in the each compulsory subject and 50% marks in the aggregate...
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