...the 1Departments of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bitlis Government Hospital, Bitlis, 2Departments of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, and 3Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Zonguldak,Turkey Abstract Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are the most common nosocomial infections in inten- sive care units (ICUs). The objectives of this study were to describe the incidence, aetiology, and risk factors of CAUTIs in ICUs and to determine whether concomitant nosocomial infections alter risk factors. Methods: Between April and Octo- ber 2008, all adult catheterized patients admitted to the ICUs of Zonguldak Karaelmas University Hospital were screened daily, and clinical and microbiological data were collected for each patient. Results: Two hundred and four patients were included and 85 developed a nosocomial infection. Among these patients, 22 developed a CAUTI alone, 38 developed a CAUTI with an additional nosocomial infection, either concomitantly or prior to the onset of the CAUTI, and 25 devel- oped nosocomial infections at other sites. The CAUTI rate was 19.02 per 1000 catheter-days. A Cox proportional hazard model showed that in the presence of other site nosocomial infections, immune suppression (hazard ratio (HR) 3.73, 95% CI 1.47–9.46; p0.006), previous antibiotic usage (HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.11–3.83; p0.023), and the presence of a noso- comial infection at another site (HR...
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...Educational Preparation This paper will outline the differences in competencies between Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN), and Bachelor in Science of Nursing (BSN) prepared nurses. Then identify a patient care situation describing how nursing care or approaches to decision making may differ based upon the educational preparation of the nurse. The Free online Dictionary (2013) depicts competency as “The quality of being competent or capable of performing an allotted function.” Here is a comparison of two different pathways to becoming a Registered Nurse: Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN), and Bachelor in Science of Nursing (BSN) programs. Born out of the nursing shortage in 1952, the Associate Degree nurse came in to fruition thanks to Mildred Montag. The Associate Degree program for Registered Nurses is two-three years length. This program does hold academic credit based on clinical and general studies preparing these students to be able to function as “technical” bedside nurses. At the end of the ADN program students are eligible to take the NCLEX-RN (Creasia & Reid, 2011). The Bachelors of Science program is four years in length and actually regarded by the American Nurse association as the original entry level requirement to becoming a Registered Nurse (Smith, 2009). This program originated in 1909. The BSN program is based on evidence based practice, Community nursing, and prepares these nurses for leadership roles whereas the ADN programs do not function to prepare nurses...
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...PREVENTING CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTION Elizabeth Quartey Abstract According to the CDC estimates in 2002 there were 1.7 million Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI), and 99,000 HAI- associated deaths in the hospital. The report stated that the four largest categories of HAI, responsible for more than 80% of all reported HAI, are central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI, 14%), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP, 15%), surgical site infections (SSI, 22%), and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI, 32%). HAI are a great financial costs to health care facilities. The Centers for disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates the medical cost of HAI in the U.S. hospitals as $6.65 billion in 2007, and that number has increased to almost $10 billion a year currently. Statement and Significance of the Problem One in 20 patients who are admitted to a hospital will be a victim to an infectious agent they are exposed to during their hospitalization according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (Goodman, Brenda, 201, Hospital-Acquired Infections cost $10 Billion a year). The five most common infections are surgical site infections, infections associated with the use of devices like central lines, catheters, ventilators and clostridium dificile are costing the health care System in the USA almost $10 billion a year to treat. In the article Vitamin D has the potential to reduce the risk of Hospital-Acquired...
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...Urinary Catheterization in Nursing Research task 2 RN to BSN Feb 25th, 2016 Western Governors University The current procedure that is being performed in my facility for the insertion of a urine catheter with one licensed professional is as follows: Introducing yourself to the patient, wash your hands, identify the patient by date of birth and first and last name, and informing them of the procedure that is about to take place. The patient lays down in a supine position and legs are spread apart. After opening the kit the sterile gloves are placed on. One hand is placed on the genital area which no is longer sterile, the other hand is used to clean the area with the provided swabs in the sterile box. The urethral area is swabbed three times from the center of the urethral outward. Once cleaned the catheter is then lubricated and placed inside the urinary tract until you see the return of urine. Once you see the return, the balloon is inflated in order to hold the catheter in place. A secure clip is attached to the patient’s leg and bag is hung below the level of the bladder. The current process that is being performed in the facility is a procedure that has been used for the past 50 years but just recently the infection rate has increased drastically that it needs to be changed. An article that was published in Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology discusses how aseptic techniques were unsuccessful many times. “A total of 81 insertion attempts among...
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...THE BUCHAREST ACADEMY OF ECONOMIC STUDIES FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION TAUGHT IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES PROJECT IMPORVEMENT FOR START-UPERS BUCHAREST 2013 Contents Introduction 3 Objectives 4 Work breakdown structure 6 Project cost plan 8 Project network map 11 Milestone & Gantt chart 18 Project organisation chart 22 Responsibility assignment matrix 28 Sources 31 * Introduction The company We are Iceberg Consulting SRL, a consultancy company that focuses on business development. The company has a wide range of services ranging from business and management consultancy, financing and auditing fundable projects, to event management and training. As a new direction for the following year, the company desires to expand the market of newly developed businesses so as to create new opportunities for business. The plan is to facilitate the interaction of entrepreneurs with the network of financial and intellectual resources that can help them build their business. After this, the implementation of their business plans and further down the road, the improvement of their businesses will provide our company with new clients. The project Based on a growing number of initiatives that support entrepreneurs in the starting of their own businesses, our company has developed an integrated process that guides people with entrepreneurial spirit from the idea phase of the business up till the final step before actually implementing the...
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...M A G A Z I N E FA L L 2 0 0 2 Volume 20 Number 2 SPANNING THE GLOBE Duke Leads the Way in International Law Teaching and Scholarship inside plus Duke admits smaller, exceptionally well-qualified class Duke’s Global Capital Markets Center to launch new Directors’ Education Institute from the dean Dear Alumni and Friends, It is not possible, these days, for a top law school to be anything other than an international one. At Duke Law, we no longer think of “international” as a separate category. Virtually everything we do has some international dimension, whether it concerns international treaties and protocols, commercial transactions across national borders, international child custody disputes, criminal behavior that violates international human rights law, international sports competitions, global environmental regulation, international terrorism, or any number of other topics. And, of course, there is little that we do at Duke that does not involve scholars and students from other countries, who are entirely integrated with U.S. scholars and students. Students enrolled in our joint JD/LLM program in international and comparative law receive an in-depth education in both the public and private aspects of international and comparative law, enriched by the ubiquitous presence of foreign students; likewise, the foreign lawyers who enroll in our one-year LLM program in American law enroll in the same courses, attend the same conferences...
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...M A G A Z I N E FA L L 2 0 0 2 Volume 20 Number 2 SPANNING THE GLOBE Duke Leads the Way in International Law Teaching and Scholarship inside plus Duke admits smaller, exceptionally well-qualified class Duke’s Global Capital Markets Center to launch new Directors’ Education Institute from the dean Dear Alumni and Friends, It is not possible, these days, for a top law school to be anything other than an international one. At Duke Law, we no longer think of “international” as a separate category. Virtually everything we do has some international dimension, whether it concerns international treaties and protocols, commercial transactions across national borders, international child custody disputes, criminal behavior that violates international human rights law, international sports competitions, global environmental regulation, international terrorism, or any number of other topics. And, of course, there is little that we do at Duke that does not involve scholars and students from other countries, who are entirely integrated with U.S. scholars and students. Students enrolled in our joint JD/LLM program in international and comparative law receive an in-depth education in both the public and private aspects of international and comparative law, enriched by the ubiquitous presence of foreign students; likewise, the foreign lawyers who enroll in our one-year LLM program in American law enroll in the same courses, attend the same conferences...
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