...normally across various multiple geographical borders and people that are not native speaker of that particular language usually learns that International language for the sake of doing business, communicating officially or to discuss democratic concerns. Calculating number of people who normally speaks a particular language is not the only criteria to declare any language as International Language. The most prominent and dominant status as International Language is acquired by “English”. In the following text we will discuss the timeline of English language in three chronological order of Past, Present and Future. In the past a little history and origin of the English will be highlighted and in the latter part of we will see how English has emerged and its importance as a critical tool to communicate in coming days would be discussed. English Language in Past: English language is originated in Britain in the era of German Invaders who later settled down around 5th to 7th century. In the old English there were certain variations merged by native people. Along with this the influence of Roman language was very obvious. After the emergence of Christianity as religion and introduction of Bible as Holy Book than brought up a lot of new words from Latin and number of words from Greek Language are also loaned to express the new arrival of spiritual beliefs. In the history of Britain the invasion of Scandinavians from 8th century till 10th century brought significant changes as these...
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...Why is English the international language? The fact that English is now the main international language is indisputable. In all aspects of international life – trade, science, diplomacy, education and travel – the common language is English and has been for decades. There are two main reasons why English is the current lingua franca; political history and economics. First, one of the main reasons why English is the international language in the world today is the fact that Britain was the global superpower in the nineteenth century and America is the global superpower in the twentieth and twenty-first. For example, these two English-speaking countries were the most important countries in terms of the military and trade. By conquering and colonising so much of the world, their customs, culture and way of life became common in those parts of the world. This is why so many ex-British colonies now have English as the national language, with many of their people speaking English as a first language. Second, a further reason for the spread and of English is economics. By being the global political and military superpower, these two countries also became the leading trading nations and many countries and territories needed to learn English in order to trade with them. The USA is currently a major trading partner with almost every other country on the planet due to the size of the consumer economy. This explains why in many countries, English is a...
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...UTTARA UNIVERSITY UTTARA DHAKA SUBMITTED TO MD. RAJIB SENIOUR LECTURER OF UTTARA UNIVERSITY SUBMITTED BY UNITY 31ST C-UTTARA UNIVERSITY UNITY Members name | Id no | Aklima khatun koly | F21321111126 | Amena sultana adar | F21321111111 | Musratjahan | F21321111119 | Jarin khan | F21321111107 | SUBJECT – IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISG IN TOURISM The history of tourism The tourism industry is fast becoming an important revenue gene rator for Malaysia. It was another record breaking year as Malaysia registered 17.54 million visitors (17,546,863) in 2006, slight ly surpassing the target of 17.5 million. This is an overall increase of 6.8% compared to the previous year. Thototal tourist receipts for 2006 was RM36.2 billion, an increase of about 13% compared to 2005. This is, however, RM1.4billion less than the targeted figure of RM37.6 billion(Tourism Malaysia, 2007). 2007has been designated by the Malaysian governmentas Visit Malaysia Year with the theme“Celebrating 50 Years of nationhood”. The Prime Minister of Malaysia, YAB Dato' SeriAbdullah Haji Ahmad Badawi officially launched the Visit Malaysia Year (VMY) 2007at 8pm on 6 January 2007, during a grand ceremony...
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...English literature - English Literature is divided into 4 Main Periods; Anglo-Saxon Literature, Medieval Literature, Renaissance Literature and Modern Literature Old English Literature or Anglo-Saxon Literature Encompasses literature written in Old English in Anglo-Saxon England in the period after the settlement of the Saxons and other Germanic tribes in England after the withdrawal of the Romans and “ending soon after the Norman Conquest” in 1066. Is the term applied to the English speaking inhabitants of Britain from around the middle of the fifth century until the time of Norman Conquest, when Angelo-Saxon line of English kings came to an end. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has also proven significant for historical study, preserving a chronology of early English history. The lyric and epic poetry they wrote told of the hardships of survival and the importance of courage in performing heroic deeds. English Literature during the Medieval Period Is a broad subject, encompassing essentially all written works available in Europe and beyond during the Middle Ages. The literature of this time was composed of religious writings as well as secular works. Just as in modern literature, it is a complex and rich field of study, from the utterly sacred to the exuberantly profane, touching all points in-between. Works of literature are often grouped by place of origin, language, and genre. Latin was the language of the Roman Catholic Church, which dominated Europe. ...
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...man runs his instruments into his Posteriors”(Under the Banner of King Death": The Social World of Anglo-American Pirates, 1716 to 1726, Marcus Rediker p.216). Rediker’s thesis also supports the nature of true piracy. He explains that commonly, sailors were beaten and mistreated. Often, the captain’s procedures lead to the dictation of the ship which granted immense power and authority beyond crew members abroad the ship. This statement contradicts Misson’s views on the equality of sea men since the circumstances provided, opposed the rights of each member. Furthermore, Rediker mainly focuses on the importance toward the position of captain at sea. He mentions...
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...Standard English In Word on the Street: Debunking the Myth of a “Pure” Standard English, John McWhorter does just that. He aims to help the public understand those ideas that until now have only been studied by linguists so that their distorted perception of language may be altered. He divides the book into three main sections, going from a general description of basic principles, to specific examples of how these principles apply to everyday language, with an introduction that paints a clear picture of why this book is an important read. With slyly injected humor, McWhorter is able to take difficult linguistic concepts and present them in a way that provides a delightful read for all audiences. Part one centers on one specific idea: that language change is not decay. McWhorter spends many pages trying to convince the reader that changes in language are natural and an expected part of the history of every language in the world. He uses specific examples from English so that even someone with no background in linguistics can understand the points he is trying to get across. He delves a little bit into history to show how and why different dialects arise, and why there is no such thing as a “bad grammar.” McWhorter then goes on to explain how languages mix together and how this also brings about change. He tries to illustrate how modern Standard English came to be what it is from a mixture of many languages over time, and is successful at convincing the reader that English is not...
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...Foundations of Mythology What are myths? Myths are traditional stories in which may describe the origins of the world and of a people. Myths are an attempt to explain mysteries, supernatural events, and cultural traditions. Sometimes sacred in nature, a myth can involve gods or other creatures. And, a myth represents reality in dramatic ways. Many cultures have their versions of common myths. “Myths... attempt to answer the enduring and fundamental human questions: How did the universe and the world come to be? How did we come to be here? Who are we? What are our proper, necessary, or inescapable roles as we relate to one another and the world at large? What should our values be? How should we behave? How should we not behave? What are the consequences of behaving and not acting in such ways?” (Leonard & McClure, 2004, para 3). The English word “myth” comes from the Greek word mythos and has been esteemed from the Greek word logos, both terms translates into English as word or story (Leonard & McClure, 2004,para 7). People have long wondered how the world came into being. They have answered the question with stories that describe the origin of the universe or the world and usually of human life as well. Myths express people's understanding of the world and their place in it. The world's mythologies and religions offer an immense variety of stories. Scholars have discovered that the different cultures fall into broad categories and contain many shared themes. Myths grant continuity...
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...Modern English What are the distinguishing characteristics (grammar, vocabulary and writing system of this period?) Student : Dardan Palucaj Modern English is the form of the English language spoken since the Great Vowel Shift in England, which began in the late 15th century and was completed in roughly 1550. With some differences in vocabulary, texts from the early 17th century, such as the works of William Shakespeare and the King James Bible, are considered to be in Modern English, or more specifically, are referred to as using Early Modern English or Elizabethan English. English was adopted in regions around the world, such as North America, the Indian subcontinent, Africa, Australia and New Zealand through colonization by the British Empire. Modern English has a large number of dialects spoken in diverse countries throughout the world. This includes American English, Australian English, British English, Canadian English, Caribbean English, Hiberno-English, Indo-Pakistani English, Nigerian English, Philippine English, Singaporean English, and South African English. compounds formed from Greek & Latin elements: The same method may be employed in forming words elements derived from Greek and Latin. Eugenics is formed with 2 Greek roots, eu-meaning well, and yes-meaning to born. The world therefore means well born and is applied to the efforts to bring about well born offspring...
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...Research Paper By: Brianna Lewis Honors English III Ms. Laroche March 28-2015 John Locke was an influential English philosopher during the enlightenment age. John Locke was born August 29 1632 in wrington Somerset England. His parents were puritan which lead him to grown up in a puritan household. His father was a country lawyer who also served in the military, which lead him to have the best of education. He attended Westminster school in London in 1647 then he attended Christ church in Oxford. He had trouble following the curriculum that was being taught to him which lead him to wonder off and stray into modern philosophy instead of the original curriculum he was suppose to learn. One of his friends that were taking medicine introduced him to it then he found his newfound passion. He begins living though just his mind. He was the very first person back then to identify them though consciousness. He then went to university of Oxford and study medicine and lectured on Greek, moral and rhetoric, which lead to a lot of his writing and his outlook on political disputes. Locke became friends with English statesman Anthony Cooper, Shaftesbury who was his adviser and physician. He became a very influential English philosopher with his writing topics being political philosophy, epistemology and also education. He founded the school of empiricism. Locke's Theory of empiricism emphasized the importance of experience of senses in pursuit of knowledge...
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...approach is supported instead of a specializedconcentration on a specific targeted area. By combining experiences gainedthrough critical thinking and dealing with broader topics, the idealist creates anenvironment in which a learner can rationalize information across curriculum.Idealism as a philosophy had its greatest impact during the nineteenth century.Its influence in today’s world is less important than it has been in the past..Idealism is the conclusion that the universe is expression of intelligence and will,that the enduring substance of the world is the nature of the mind, that thematerial is explained by the mental. Idealism as a philosophy stands in contrastwith all those systems of thought that center in nature (naturalism) or in man(humanism)." According to idealism "to be" means to be experienced by aperson. Idealism holds that the order of the world is due to the manifestation inspace and time of an eternal and spiritual reality. As to knowledge, idealismholds that knowledge is man thinking the thoughts and purposes of this eternaland spiritual reality as they are embodied in our world of fact. As to ethics,idealism holds that the goodness of man's individual and social life is theconformity of the human will with the moral administration of the universe.Idealism as an educational philosophy is generally linked to the work of H.H.Horne and William Hocking. In the Forty-first Yearbook of the NationalSociety for the Study of...
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...Historical Events which Influenced the English Language English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages as well as most of the European languages spoken today. Latin and the modern Romance languages, Greek, the Germanic languages, Indo-Iranian languages, Slavic, Baltic, and Celtic languages are a part of the Indo-European family. English is in the Germanic group of languages; West Germanic is the ancestor of modern Dutch, German, Flemish, Frisian and English. The Gaelic-speaking Celts were one of the earliest people to migrate westward and they were natives of the British Isles long before the English (McCrum 48). “The Celtic Britons had the misfortune to inhabit an island that was highly desirable for both its agriculture and for its minerals.”(p.52) The Angles, Saxons and the Jutes were the first invaders of the British Isles and they caused the Britons to flee to the west. The Angles, Saxons and the jutes mixed their different Germanic dialects and formed what linguists now refer to as Old English or Anglo-Saxon. “Englisc’ was Old English for English, and it comes from the name of the Angles. “The basic building blocks of an English sentence- the, is, you and- are Anglo-Saxon. It is impossible to write a modern sentence without using a feast of Anglo-Saxon words.”(p.58) The Anglo-Saxons were the first speakers of English, but the English they spoke is very much different from what we speak today and it is unintelligible to modern ears. This is an indication that along...
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...Prevailing Philosophies and Psychosocial Dimensions of Philippine Contemporary Novels in English Chapter I – Introduction Philippine contemporary novels or literature in general is an offshoot of the Philippine-American War or what is coined as the Philippine War of Independence which transpired from 1899 to 1902. As early as 1863, the Spanish colonizers have introduced the public elementary school system to the Philippines. During the American colonization, U.S. soldiers have started layering down the bricks as foundation of the public school system in the Philippines when they opened the first public school in the Philippines at Corregidor Island. On January 21, 1901, the Taft Commission headed by William Howard Taft, passed the Education Act No. 34 that incepted the Department of Public Instruction. William Howard Taft was also given the responsibility of expanding the public school system in and around the Philippines. On August 21, 1901; around 600 American educators or “Thomasites” were sent to the Philippines by the U.S Government aboard the USAT Thomas whose main purpose is to integrate a new and expanded public school system, to train and hone Filipino teachers with the use of English as the primary medium of instruction, and to inculcate basic education to Filipinos. The American educators taught an extensive curriculum which cover subjects on English, Grammar, Reading, Mathematics, Agriculture, Housekeeping and Related Arts (cooking, sewing, and crocheting),...
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...Crystal Taylor Professor Chambers English 2333-53001 April 8 2014 From Romanticism to Realism in 19th Century The late nineteenth century was a period of incredible change as political empires broke up, independence rose, the power of the middle class replaced that of the dignity, and colonization grew. Although there were efforts to recover spiritual interest, normally organized religion reduced in influence in the late nineteenth century and was replaced by personal spiritual, moral, or theoretical beliefs. Literature developed as the creative standard that best expressed the social, economic, and logical concerns of the day, moving away from the issues and styles associated with Romanticism earlier in the century. Although in literature romantic elements in the Elizabeth and dramas, the English literary romanticism from the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads shows romanticism in a different light than other stories. Wordsworth stated his belief that poetry results from "the natural overflow of powerful feelings," and pressed for the use of natural everyday expression in literary works. Coleridge emphasized, the importance of the poet's thoughts and discounted devotion to personal literary rules. William Blake was maybe the most outstanding of the English romantics. His poems and paintings are blissful, creative, and heavily descriptive, indicating the unworldly reality fundamental the physical reality. Romanticism stresses on...
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...significance, we must ask ourselves how these great figures have been used by succeeding generations as an inspiration for resistance to foreign occupation? There is a wealth of historical evidences and even aspects of modern popular culture that testify to the fact that Joan and Cleopatra have inspired past generations and continue to motivate people to act in ways which solve their emotional or political needs. The only remaining question is the matter of degree and effectiveness. Joan of Arc or Jeanne d’ Arc is a highly popular figure in literature, movies, televisions and other cultural works even though she’s been dead for almost 600 years. A girl born into a French peasant family in a time when her country was partially occupied by English troops, she brought a message of hope to the the French people and French nobility. Her message galvanized French resistance and her people pulled themselves out of a generation of...
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...by them into English or French after many hours of work. I'm glad the school curriculum of the 21 st century has evolved and we no longer spend our days doing boring stuff like that! Their old-fashioned, subjects that have little relevance in the modern world of the internet and space travel. The question is: shouldn't we allow our education system to further evolve and file Shakespeare in the same drawer where we've stuck Homer, Plato and Ovid? Given the society of North America in the 21 st century, Shakespeare's relevance is declining with each new technical advance. The purpose of this essay is to prove isn't it time to address this question head on, even at the risk of causing legions of English teachers to collapse in horror? Speaking to the world may be the least of the challenges facing those who want the teaching of Shakespeare. Shakespeare's English is the language as they spoke it 400 years ago. It is as ancient and antiquated and old as the Latin and Greek I spoke about in my introduction. Watch any class of high school students tackle Shakespeare and the first book you'll see on theredesks is a student guide of notes explaining who characters are, the plot and the themes. Indeed, it is doubtful that the play itself is ever cracked by some students. How can students in the 21 st century understand any of the great themes raised in these plays if they can't even understand what some guy is saying? If students must read this stuff, switch it for a modern translation...
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