...in neophytes with a grand and exciting vision of the world: people are highly responsive to incentives, differences in incentives explain all major variations in wealth and poverty across societies, and easy institutional changes will create the incentives to launch a brave new world. This is the buzz that animates Freakonomics, the book, and now the movie. This is the vision that led Roland Fryer, Professor of Economics at Harvard University, to offer students in the New York, Chicago, and Washington, DC school systems “cash for grades.” Deirdre McCloskey earlier in her career did stellar work advancing this program in economics — her virtuoso writings recruited me to the study of the history of economies. But having over many years considered the general problem of economic growth, and the specific puzzle of the timing and location of the Industrial Revolution, McCloskey has come to a stunning epiphany. This is that incentives explain very little of the huge gaps in wealth across the world. Growth is a cultural production, a society wide embrace of “bourgeois virtues.” Specifically, she claims, growth came because the activities of marketing, profiting, and innovating have become in our society uniquely respected, admired and praised. The rise of the Bourgeois Virtues has created societies such as those of Northern Europe, so primed for growth that even though the grabbing hand of the state is on every shoulder, people continue to produce and innovate. I fully agree with...
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...explosion of the media is the greatest revolution in fashion. Fashion is an indicator of class status, and monopolized by the aristocracy. A lower status group sought to acquire status by adopting the standards of the higher status. Media can be considered as a first medium to disseminate the fashion in public. In this assignment, we will study about the role of the modern media in shaping current fashion. The various elements of media involved in spreading of fashion information in the audience. What a person chose to carry reflects his personality or interest. A person’s choice more or less gets influenced by trend. Fashion is a popular style or practice, especially in clothing, footwear, accessories, home decoration etc. History: Fashion has been in the society since the human started with the clothes themselves. Back in the late 16th century and the early 17th century fashion denoted to the class. In ancient times Fashion Plates were engraved and colored with watercolors. In 1880 color printing and a method for making multi colors prints become stylish. In the same period of time magazines were published that played an important role in popularity of news about fashion. With the development of half tone printing process, which enables photographs to be printed on the same page as text without affecting the image clarity, fashion photograph has generated the most widely recognizable and enduring imagery of the time. Fashion television emerged in 1970 and 1980 when cable and...
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...its mediated form, from television and comic books to fashion and postcards, culture is derived through a range of diverse vehicles. We experience our cultural life through media in various ways. Modern society is founded on universal law, enlightenment of reason and science is solution to social problems, utopia is possible (except the poor will always be poor); Western-centric humanism will save the world; mass consumption means mass employment and modern society contained in the grand narrative of history. Progressive social transformation of the post-modern turn will take us on new adventures; resituating science, technology, society & capitalism into a multi-perspective and multi-disciplinary framework. One attempt to account for the emergence of post-modern condition is the shift during the 20th century of the economic needs of capitalism from production to consumption. Reality is what we see fit by these various forms of seductive illusion. The prefix ‘post’ clearly implies a break, a relation to a period that has happened before. In the case of post-modernism the previous period is undoubtedly ‘modernism’. Thus, postmodernism refers to a breakdown of the distinction between culture and society - emergence of a social order in which the importance and power of the mass media and popular culture means that they govern and shape all forms of social relationships. For Lyotard, a key post-modernism theorist, the post-modern condition is neither a periodizing concept nor does...
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...Nineties impact on today’s American culture Nineties and eighties incidents, people and ideas made a great influence on modern American culture like family life and gender roles, music, fashion, film and television. This transactions started in Nineties with President Ronald Reagan and his economic policy called reaganoimcs. Which include more military spending to fight back communism, it helped to stabilize economy after the eighties’ stock market crash and more. At the same time, changes in music and other trends began to influence on nineties people, especially teenagers. Music and music artists had a great influence on nineties fashion, as well as modern fashion. And also, movies like horror genre became more successful. Both movie and television reflected more of reality than written scripts. Family life and gender roles started changing in nineties. Women were secure in their working roles and were not afraid to show their femaleness. This leaded to increase in gender equity. Most of them were two income families, which raised the chances for divorce. Husband and wife shared their household and child care responsibility equally. Nineties women became less dependent on men. Women are allowed to do anything that a male can do. Nineties people put more importance to their carrier than family and became selfish with no humanity. For example, in the movie American psycho, Patrick spend most of his time with his friends and discuss about who had the better suit, business...
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...Throughout history, events have been taken and interpreted in a multitude of ways. These interpretations vary depending on who documents them and who consumes that information. Societies are able to make interpretations based on information given to them by historians, textbooks, news sources and the Internet to form views that become based on the past and the present. A countless number of these interpretations exist in society today whether they involve art, fashion or racial tension. These interpretations influence how society views both the present time and the historical past whether they be good or bad. One topic of interpretation that had been studied during class was the Chauvet cave paintings in southeastern France. These paintings...
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...Importance of Value Education in Modern time Beena Indrani* Everyone knows that life is precious – that life is important. We all protect our life because we care for it more than anything else. If life is so important, the values of life are even more important. Values are guiding principles, or standards of behaviour which are regarded desirable, important and held in high esteem by a particular society in which a person lives. "The Importance of Values and Morals are the code we live by in a civil and just society. They are what we use to guide our interactions with others, with our friends and family, in our businesses and professional behaviour. Our values and morals are a reflection of our spirituality; our character. They are what we hope to model for our children and the children around us, because children do watch us as they develop their own sense of right and wrong. Value education means inculcating in the children sense humanism, a deep concern for the wellbeing of others and the nation. This can be accomplished only when we instill in the children a deep feeling of commitment to values that would build this country and bring back to the people pride in work that brings order, security and assured progress. A person with proper values will not be afraid to face problems. He or she will expect and accept them as part of life. He or she will not give un necessary importance to anything that happens in life. He or she will have complete faith in God. Such a person...
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...Youth and Fashion Thanks to a combination of technological innovation and developing global economies, “fast fashion” is now ubiquitous on the high street. A one-two punch of low prices and targeted advertising, in particular, has stimulated the boom of a teenage market, one that can stay up to date with the latest runway trends at “pocket money” prices. Today’s youth views shopping as a necessary and exciting task. And unlike previous generations, this emerging demographic has learned that “fast” is the only way to consume clothing. Negative Aspects of Fashion Though importance of fashion can not be neglected in todays society it has certain drawbacks too. Moral Values: Fashion does not preach ethics. Every new fashion or trend is promoted and advertised in such a manner that people (especially teens) cannot avoid it. They don’t bother whether it is moral or immoral. Economical: Fashion is often associated with promoting capitalism. Fashion is least rational; people buy new clothes when old are still wearable. They discard old clothes just because they are no longer fashionable. Fads of Fashion: Most of the fashion trends are very short-living. They come and go within few months. These are called fads of fashion. The true fashion consists of style, but people who have little awareness of fashion follow fads rather than making their own style. Harmful to Health: Certain fashion trends are harmful to health. Fashion has made teenagers extremists. What could be more shocking...
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...The Numerical Impact & History Of A Materialistic Society University Author Note Abstract This paper utilizes four published research articles and six online renowned articles that contain relevant information and reports on how various materialistic spending and reasoning has impacted numerous societies over different times in history. The piece will compare and contrast the benefits of unnecessary spending on an economy as well as one’s state of mind. It’ll also delve in to the common practice of obtaining material for impression purposes and the benefits or lack thereof of doing so. The paper will also draw common correlation between jewelry and society all over history to modern daytime to find the more significant aspect to a society between living and impression. Centuries of historical documents suggest that a materialistic society causes a population to be more unhappy, divided and non-beneficial because of its emphasis on overvaluing items in the process of finding happiness. The emphasis on earning our peers acceptance through materials would lead us to achieve further happiness but statistics prove other wise. In ancient Rome, Asia and Africa along with medieval Europe there has been recorded history of how excess goods and jewelry were used to accentuate their self-importance and status to others. In modern time we find ourselves shopping, adding unnecessary expenses to our lives during the holiday seasons to reach a level of acceptance...
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...Aktobe Regional State University by K.Zhubanov A project work Theme: Anglicisms in modern language Student: Ayzharykova L. Group: ED – 208 Tutor: Suleimenova Z. E. Aktobe 2014 The relevance of this study is that the consideration of issues related to the theory and practice of borrowing, especially important in today's conditions, because today expressed serious concerns about the strong influx of borrowing, which may lead to a depreciation of the Russian word. But the language - it is a self-developing mechanism that is able to self-clean, get rid of excessive, unnecessary. This happens with foreign words, borrowing which was presented during the trial. The novelty of this study lies in the interpretation of the theme, hence its relevance, which is determined by the importance of the English language in the life of Russian society. The subject of the work is to study the borrowing of Anglicisms in modern Russian decades. Abstract. Damage to the culture of the language - clogging his jargon, the trend towards illiterate use of language structures and units in spoken language - is an obvious problem of youth culture of speech. Our everyday speech - is not only an indicator of the level of literacy, aesthetic...
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...If you ever get a chance to visit Lancaster, Pennsylvania you may be surprised at the cultural change you will witness. The Amish community came to America and settled in Lancaster. This particular community of Amish, live a life of humility, equality, obedience, modesty and simplicity. This interesting group of people may shock the common American when they compare their lives to the Amish. When comparing the cultures of the Amish versus typical American, a person will find that the family life, language, and other aspects of this population can be so different from the latter. Throughout the Amish culture, family is a main part of their lifestyle. According to Towns and Heritage, “The family is the most important social unit among the Pennsylvania Amish” (Towns & Heritage, 2013). This stems from the family’s abundance in size. It is not unusual for a typical Amish family to have seven to ten children. This growth in family is what makes the Amish community as large as it is (Towns & Heritage, 2013). In addition to having many children, the Amish also has many generations living together under the same roof. This allows a “sense of continuity and participation in family life” (Towns & Heritage, 2013). When comparing this to a typical American family, it is easy to see the difference. According to Teachman, Tedrow, and Crowder, “America is made up of a multiplicity of family types including two-parent families, one-parent families, cohabitating couples, and gay and lesbian...
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...The aim of this research is to understand women’s sports today, the relationship between sports the body and personal identity. There has been much attention given to the role of sports in the lives of men than to the importance of sports to women. The twentieth century saw a massive change in women’s involvement in sport and exercise. When women first began to take part in activities, they had nothing to wear. Clothing had been divided into menswear and womenswear. Men and women dressed appropriately for their sex. In ancient times and the late nineteenth and early twentieth century sport took place in the public sphere and in public women were expected to wear the fashion of the time. Women’s clothing for sport was by definition clothing for interaction with men....
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...soap, result in the products becoming more appealing to female consumers? This essay examines the problematic ideology of Cleopatra as the beautiful queen with the “flawless” complexion used in beauty advertisements of the 1920s addressed towards the post-World War I “modern woman” as a source of sociopolitical embodied power to entice men. This essay also explores concepts of femininity, modernity, and ideals of female beauty that have been constructed through a historically patriarchal framework which involves emphasizing the ‘seductive power’ of women, and revolves around the obsession for preserving a youthful girlish beauty and perpetuating women’s place in the home as the ‘pretty little wife’, in juxtaposition with George Bernard Shaw’s ‘pretty little queen’ caricature of Cleopatra. By invalidating or distorting her power, these expectations and gender based stereotypes impact society today in the same ways by advertising flawless skin with no visible pores or wrinkles as one of the many unrealistic sociocultural standards for females. For thousands of years, Cleopatra has been used as a tool of sexual desire and as a result, women have looked to her as a beauty role model for gaining respect in society, success in romantic relationships, and acceptance in life overall. Purchasing cosmetics with Cleopatra iconography also promised envy from their female counterparts, which further embedded a competitive and catty expectation of women fighting over the ideal husband, the...
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...In the world of today, media has become as necessary as food and clothing. It has played significant role in strengthening the society. Media is considered as "mirror" of the modern society, infect,it is the media which shapes our lives. The purpose of the media is to inform people about current ,new affairs and to tell about the latest gossip and fashion. It tells about the people who are geographically divided. The role of media has become one way of trading and marketing of products and prejudices. The media claimed to be governed by righteousness and equity, but greed and self-aggrandizement has poisoned its virtues. Media is in charge of : 1 information 2 education 3 entertainment 4 advertising 5 correlation of parts of society Society is influenced by media in so many ways. It is the media for the masses that helps them to get information about a lot of things and also to form opinions and make judgments regarding various issues! It is the media which keeps the people updated and informed about what is happening around them and the world. Everyone can draw something from it. Media has had a bad effect on a generation, mainly because ,youth is strongly influenced by media. Teenagers and children wish to follow the people ,who get recognized and do what they do to get noticed. Sometimes, they focus on bad part of the media and strive to be a part of it. However, many are not succumbed to a life of crime! These are the things which get into Young civilian...
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...In the world of today, media has become as necessary as food and clothing. It has played significant role in strengthening the society. Media is considered as "mirror" of the modern society, infect, it is the media which shapes our lives. The purpose of the media is to inform people about current, new affairs and to tell about the latest gossip and fashion. It tells about the people who are geographically divided. The role of media has become one way of trading and marketing of products and prejudices. The media claimed to be governed by righteousness and equity, but greed and self-aggrandizement has poisoned its virtues. Media is in charge of information, education, entertainment, and advertising. Society is influenced by media in so many ways. It is the media for the masses that helps them to get information about a lot of things and also to form opinions and make judgments regarding various issues! It is the media which keeps the people updated and informed about what is happening around them and the world. Everyone can draw something from it. Media has had a bad effect on a generation, mainly because; youth is strongly influenced by media. Teenagers and children wish to follow the people, who get recognized and do what they do to get noticed. Sometimes, they focus on bad part of the media and strive to be a part of it. However, many are not succumbed to a life of crime! These are the things which get into Young civilian minds! The media affects people's perspective...
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...we make visible these pictures so that we can come to understand, if you will, that the door might open inwards. (Heyes, 2007: 20) The physical body we live in-‘we’ being our innate selves, our souls- denies society the view beneath the skin. The only indication of our identity, as Heyes implies, is through the visual self. This is supported by Thesander’s (1997) assertion that “the most characteristic aspect of fashion is its ability to transform objects into symbols. Clothes are transformed into fashion garments and the body becomes the fashion body.” (67) In this essay, I will discuss, using various readings, about how women’s bodies are moulded by society and how it shifts with the current ideals of beauty. I will also elaborate on how the body is used as a shell to depict what the inside holds, in other words, the identity of the being residing in it. I will use Michel Foucault’s theories to explain how the body is affected by the subjection of discipline and examination. Then, I will use the concept of cosmetic surgery to show how the body is an ongoing project to be worked on, and how its participants employ it as a tool to improve their image, thus their perception of self-identity. The first part of this essay discusses how bodies existing within societies are obliged to conform to social expectations. While being a surface upon which the text of one’s identity is read, it is also obliged to live up to the archetype of beauty, therefore, it is a...
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