...Faced with the effects of globalization on geopolitical, economic, and cultural relations between societies, nurses are becoming front-line providers in countries where access to healthcare services are limited. In countries where infectious, communicable diseases are largely preventable through vaccination, and simple interventions to improve sanitation and safe drinking water, nurses have a unique opportunity fulfill their social responsibility as health promoters by collaborating with political and healthcare leaders to created sustainable solutions to identified needs. In addition to working as health promoters, nurses need competencies that are necessary to provide holistic nursing care and development of global attitude in providing health care to at risk population. Also they should be able to advocate for those in need of a voice. This paper is an annotated bibliography regarding international health in nursing. The reference cited address various information about the role of a nurse and what is global health in nursing. The references cited were obtained from numerous and widely scattered sources such as textbooks, electronic journals, magazines, and peer-reviewed journals. Chatwood, S., Bierregaard, P., & T. Kue, Y. (2012). Global Health-A Circumpolar Perspective. American Journal Of Public Health, 102(7):1246-1249. doi: 10.21.05/AJPH.2011.30058. The authors of this article discussed the fact that global health has largely replaced international health. In...
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...1.2. TRENDS AND PATTERNS OF MIGRATION TO AND FROM CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES Elizabeth Thomas-Hope[1] INTRODUCTION Migration has become deeply embedded in the psyche of Caribbean peoples over the past century and a half. It has evolved as the main avenue for upward mobility through the accumulation of capital – financial and social. Thus the propensity for migration is high and there is a general responsiveness to the opportunities for moving whenever they occur. At times these opportunities have come from within the region itself or the wider circum-Caribbean region, as in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; in more recent times from North America and Europe. The migration dynamic reflects the interplay of international, national and highly personal circumstances. Global changes affect the international economic order and the division of labour and, as a consequence, legislative controls and inducements to the movement of labour across selective national borders. At the national level, economic, social, demographic and political factors influence the variable access of people to economic rewards and social opportunities. But migration is not a passive reaction to internal ‘pushes’ and external ‘pulls’. Within this wider international and national context, migration is part of a dynamic set of negotiations at all levels. For whether ‘free’ movement or refugee, there is a selective process that operates at the interface of the needs of...
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...Multidimensional Lenses on Migration Dilara Sönmez Middle East Technical University Department of International Relations, #1541077 ABSTRACT National and international security has gained new meanings and elements in recent years, especially after Cold War. The changed concept of security has been more and more broadened with accelerated effects of globalization and shocking September 11 events. The new issues of security agenda may be listed as immigration, global terror, climate change, energy, internal violence, human security etc. This article recovers mainly how irregular migration effects national and human security in a multi dimensional framework, from theories to the cases under several sections of the paper. Firstly, the definition and types; secondly motivations of immigration are outlined with a historical and theoretical briefs. Then the general perception on migration and motivations of migration will be connected more specific sections that are, in sequence, international lenses on migration regarding state and public securities and more specifically, the lenses of the US and European Union on migration. The conclusion part put my arguments as done during article that are both agreed and disagreed with the mainstream theories and the opinions of expert that are stated in the article. Definitions and Types of Migration The term of migration has several definitions that give almost similar meanings. Generally, in social science literature, Migration is the movement...
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...Hummingbirds are the second most diverse family of birds with about 340 known species. These little birds can travel vast distances; around 30 percent of hummingbird species migrate between the USA, Canada and Mexico. We do not know how migration is triggered. They are known to only reside in the western hemisphere. Hummingbirds have received relatively little attention from a conservation aspect, especially considering their commonplace and popularity with people. Scientists dilemma: unlike many other avian families, there are fundamental gaps in recorded scientific information of Trochilidae's present and past that makes it difficult to predict risks to the viability of future hummingbird populations. This is partly a result of the fact that hummingbird populations require unique monitoring techniques due to their specialized ecology and physiology. Hummingbirds have unique attributes and are tiny, resulting in other landbird conservation efforts to fail to adequately address hummingbird needs. Their small size, rapid movement, high-pitched vocalizations, unique flight tendencies, and other features make them a uniquely difficult bird to study. Mosaics...
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...Migration and its impact on the labor market Case Study: Romania "Those who contemplate the beauty of the earth find reserves of strength that will endure as long as life lasts. There is symbolic as well as actual beauty in the migration of the birds...There is something infinitely healing in the repeated refrains of nature - the assurance that dawn comes after night, and spring after the winter..."(Rachel Carson) 1. General theoretical aspects of migration. Historical and social perspective Migration is defined as a "change from a social, economic, political and / or cultural environment to another, in order to develop a project and answer to any individual or group expectations." Migration phenomenon has always existed, resulted through transhumance, invasions, colonization and crusades, generally caused by the attraction of the richest regions on the poorest populations. Labor migration is the supportive factor of globalization,'' a process that allows reducing geographical constraints on social and cultural processes in which individuals are increasingly aware of this." There is currently no state or part of the world that does not import or export workforce. During the 20th Century the migration process developed significantly. In this period, Romania was predominantly a country of emigration and still is. Acording to some sources, by 1914, a large number of people decided to cross the Atlantic Ocean, most focusing on the U.S. and Canada, the rest of them going to...
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...called American Dream. Legal and illegal immigration is a situation that not only exists in the U.S., but all over the world. Illegal immigration is defined as the relocation of individuals into a state in infringement of the immigration sovereignty and laws of a particular nation (Garni, 2010). Illegal immigration also involves entering a foreign country legally but refusing to depart after one’s visa expiry. It involves trespassing international political boundaries through land, air, and water unlawfully. Most illegal immigrants in the U.S. enter the country using two popular ways. First, through the U.S Mexico border and the other is by over staying their visas. A large percentage of illegal immigrants in the U.S are from Mexico, Canada, Africa and Europe. The impact of immigration is mostly felt in states where great numbers of immigrants have resided. Examples of these states include California and New Jersey. This has become a key concern to the U.S. government and its citizens. The genesis of illegal immigration dates back to the late 19th century. In 1875, a national law was approved which barred entry of prostitutes and convicts. In 1882 President Chester A. Arthur barred approximately all Chinese immigrants to the United States, and later thereafter disqualified criminals and paupers from entering. Though this affected quite a small percentage of the immigrants, there existed a clear distinction between illegal and legal. Prior to this, immigration was hardly regulated...
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...ACCESS TO JUSTICE AND LEGAL AID FOR REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS; WHAT CAN THE JUDICIARY DO? Introduction Asylum seekers, regardless of their immigration status, are human beings, with fundamental and basic rights, needs and aspirations. Refugees and asylum seekers are a diverse group with one thing in common; they are subject to forced migration, and are fleeing from persecution in their countries of origin. A refugee is defined as any person who, owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality or political opinion, is outside the country of his or her nationality and is unable or owing to such fear for reasons other than personal convenience is unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country. Refugee status is therefore adopted for those who, having applied for asylum, have been recognized and given refugee status. It also usually encompasses those who have received ‘exceptional leave to remain’ or ‘indefinite leave to remain’. Recognition of refugee status is also a pre-requisite for other basic rights guaranteed to refugees by international law, such as the right to seek employment, to move freely and to obtain education and healthcare on the same terms as citizens. The status of an Asylum Seeker is reserved for those who have applied for asylum and are awaiting a decision on their applications and those whose applications have been refused. Refugees therefore need legal assistance as soon as they arrive in...
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...for you – ask what you can do for your country?’ – John F. Kennedy, Former US President. The need to migrate to another place from where you are is a old habit of the human race. The migration of people from one country to another has both good and bad effects. Good effects on the country that they are migrating to and a bad effect of on the country that they are leaving when it comes to highly educated people and skilled man power. In economic terms, it is known as brain drain. It is now widely known that migration of highly skilled or educated people of one country to another to settle down and work is to improve their economic condition. At about the same time that the United states of America launched its space programme and reduced its immigration laws from other countries to the US, the newly liberated countries of Asia (which includes Sri Lanka) , Africa and Latin America started to develop their economy which required skilled professionals in engineering, educationists, technicians and others. But the migration of these type of professionals to developed countries bottlenecks the development of the poor countries. We can see that the majority of the young or educated people from around the globe are preferring to settle down in the developed countries like USA, UK, Canada, Australia or other European and East Asian countries. Why do people leave their motherland? 'Young, well-educated, healthy individuals are most likely to migrate, especially in pursuit...
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...are more abstract and are not associated with any social value or connections. 2. What is the defining component of globalization? Explain. The defining component of globalization centers on the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence between places around the world through social, cultural, economic, political, and technological change. Such changes inevitably alter the human experience of place and space and leads to shifts of thinking from one population to the next. Over time, cultures begin to overlap and influence each other and this influence plays immense roles in the development of independent nations’ political and economic systems as well as the well being of their people. Lecture 2 3. Define “chorology” and the importance of a “chorological view” to Geography. Chorology is defined as “the study of regions and spaces”. The modern discipline can be traced back to 18th century philosophers: Immanuel Kant believed all knowledge could be divided into either geography (classifying things according to space) or history (classifying things according to time). Geography was seen at first only in terms of exploration as an instrument of colonialism and imperialism. The goal of a “chorological view” is to have a comprehensive understanding of characteristics of spaces and regions. Therefore chorology can be considered as a specialization within geography that allows us to describe spaces and regions through the observation of their particular traits. 4. Explain...
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...grain prices are high around the world. The spectacular emergence of China as a major exporter of manufactured goods has affected wages in both rich and poor countries. As large corporations, such as Microsoft, Intel, Toyota, General Electric, and Siemens have expanded their investments in affiliates in many nations around the world, they have built global production networks that share technological knowledge across locations to produce increasingly complex goods that could be sold anywhere. Today, a major cultural product, such as a Hollywood movie or a jazz band’s latest compact disk, is likely to employ creative personnel from around the world, with various components of the product recorded, mixed or edited in different locations. The importance of international connections in trade, investment, and skilled services can be illustrated by considering the apparently simple act of making and bringing to market an item of apparel, say a fashionable woolen men’s suit. The initial task is to design the suit, a highly creative activity that generally takes place in the headquarters of a major fashion label, such as Armani or Hugo Boss. Beyond that, the firm must locate reliable suppliers of raw wool, which could be farmers in New Zealand, Argentina, Scotland, or elsewhere. The wool needs to be spun into yarn and then woven into finished fabrics, tasks that are likely to be...
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...Chapter 1 - Geography Matters: Definitions: * Human geography the study of the spatial organization of human activity and of people’s relationships with their environments * Cartography: the body of practical and theoretical knowledge about making distinctive visual representations of Earth’s surface in the form of maps * Map projection: a systematic rendering on a flat surface of the geographic coordinates of the features found on Earth’s surface * Ethnocentrism: the attitude that a persona’s own race and culture are superior to those of others * Imperialism: the extension of the power of a nation through direct/indirect control of the economic and political life of other territories * Masculinism: the assumption that the world is and should be shaped mainly by men for men * environmental determinism: a doctrine holding that human activities are controlled by the environment * globalization: the increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental political and cultural change * ecumene: the total habitable area of a country. Sine it depends on the prevailing technology, the available ecumene varies over time. Canada’s ecumene is so much less than its total area. * Geodemographic research: investigation using census data and commercial data (i.e. sales data and property records) about populations of small districts to create profiles of those populations for market research ...
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...Web-based Comparison P McGrath1, A Wong2, H Holewa1 1 International Program of Psycho-Social Health Research, CQU, Milton, Queensland, Australia 2 Department of Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Published: April 2011 McGrath P, Wong A, Holewa H Canadian and Australian Licensing Policies for International Medical Graduates: A Web-based Comparison Education for Health, Volume 24, Issue 1, 2011 Available from: http://www.educationforhealth.net/ ABSTRACT Context: The increasing global mobility of physicians and severe physician shortages of many countries has led to an increasing reliance on International Medical Graduates (IMGs) by countries including Australia and Canada. Objectives: A web-based comparison of licensing policies for IMGs in Australia and Canada to inform and improve policies in each country. Methods: The research involved identification of relevant government and medical regulatory bodies’ official websites documenting information on the licensing process for IMGs from each respective country; in-depth examination and comparison of the licensing processes outlined on these sites; and compilation of a comprehensive list of similarities and differences. Findings: While difficult entry requirements are imposed in Canada, once full registration is achieved IMGs have the same membership rights as Canadian medical graduates and their separate status (nominally) ends. In Australia, IMGs are allowed relatively easy access to temporary or...
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...| Management Practice: Critical Analysis and Review MGMT.8001 SUBMITTED BY NILAM SANGROULA (NIEL) SUBMITTED TO Andriy Kovalenko Date of Submission: 13 April 2011 1. Introduction The article “Are vulnerable workers really protected in New Zealand?” is written by two authors namely, Danae Anderson, researcher at Work research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, NZ and Rupert Tipples, Associate Professor of Employment Relations in Faculty of Commerce at Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand and is published in New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations, 39 (1): 52-67. This article is concentrated on exploring the working condition of international migrant workers and pacific workers in primary sectors and are categorised as vulnerable migrants using Sargeant and Tucker’s 2009 framework. The writers have claimed that though protective measures have been adopted to defend the vulnerability of the workers, the result is still speech making only. The article has clearly identified the research topic and used secondary sources of the information to address the research questions. The article has been successful in raising the concerns of vulnerable workers in primary sectors such as exploitation at work, underpayment, employment dependency, visa conditions, lacking of formal written contracts for employment likewise, the article has been able to pull the attention of the concerned authorities to work and rethink to promulgate the protective...
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...the other person or not to cooperate with the police. In most cases, the individuals choose a self-serving option in order to save themselves. However, this theory does not only have to apply to prisoners but can also apply in economics in regards to firms and their competition and how cooperation between companies can often lead to a greater good (Dixit & Nalebuff, 1991). These two theories occur often in day-to-day life and seem to reveal how humans are predisposed to think of themselves first before thinking about the good of others. This paper will examine the extent of these theories related to the overfishing of Northern Cod on the eastern cost of Canada and how these phenomena have affected the physical, population and economic geographies of the area. According to Torsten Berhardt, the Atlantic/maritime region of Canada includes the provinces of New Brunswick, Newfoundland & Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island (2002). Berhardt goes on to explain that these provinces all include a mix of rocky uninhabitable highlands and much more...
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...Index Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Diversity Amid Globalization-------------------------------------------------------5 The Changing Global Environment----------------------------------------------11 North America---------------------------------------------------------------------------12 Latin America---------------------------------------------------------------------------23 The Caribbean--------------------------------------------------------------------------27 Sub-Saharan Africa-------------------------------------------------------------------31 Southwest Asia and North Africa------------------------------------------------32 Europe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34 The Russian Domain-----------------------------------------------------------------39 Central Asia-----------------------------------------------------------------------------42 East Asia---------------------------------------------------------------------------------45 South Asia-------------------------------------------------------------------------------47 Southeast Asia-------------------------------------------------------------------------50 Australia and Oceania---------------------------------------------------------------57 Conclusion------------------------------------------------------------------------------60 Bibliography----------------------------------------------------------------------------61 ...
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