...two-country trade model that explains the traditional approach to Balance of Payment (BOP) was applied using quarterly data covering the period of 1978:1 to 2000:4. Results reveal that the Real Effective Exchange Rate(REER) does not have significant impact on improving the Trade Balance (TB) particularly in the short run implying a blurred J-Curve phenomenon. Even though the cointegration tests reveal that there is a long run relationship between TB and the REER it shows very marginal impact in improving TB in long run. (JEL F40, O24) I. Introduction The exchange rate is the price of national currency in terms of foreign currency. The close linkage of the exchange rate to the general price levels of the economies produce an economy wide importance of policy making since it affects the real income and wealth of those economies. One of the major objectives of the exchange rate based stabilizations is to improve the Balance of Payment (BOP) performance through international competitiveness. Countries have been using this strategy for a considerable period of time producing varying results. The empirical observations reveal that some countries were successful in following the particular strategy while some countries producing disastrous results. Under these circumstances the obvious question that has to be answered is “ What are the reasons for producing such varying results?” The objective of this study is to analyze Sri Lanka’s exchange rate behavior, competitiveness and BOP performance...
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...the independent audit. a Q AuditQuality a Q The Audit Quality Forum brings together representatives of auditors, investors, business and regulatory bodies. Its purpose is to encourage stakeholders to work together by promoting open and constructive dialogue in order to contribute to the work of government and regulators and by generating practical ideas for further enhancing confidence in the independent audit. The initial focus of the Forum was to improve audit transparency and support shareholder involvement in the audit process. At its meeting in May 2005 the Forum agreed to explore a broader agenda which will examine the relationships between shareholders, boards, auditors, regulators and other stakeholders in the audit. Anyone interested in providing feedback on this paper should send their comments to louise.maslen@icaew.co.uk. Further information on the Audit Quality Forum, the current work programme and how to get involved is available at www.icaew.co.uk/auditquality or contact 020 7920 8493. © December 2005 Institute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales Dissemination of the contents of this paper is encouraged. Please give full acknowledgement of source when reproducing extracts in other published works. No responsibility for any person acting or refraining to act as a result of any material in this document can be accepted by the ICAEW, the Audit and Assurance Faculty or authors. ISBN 1 84152 404 2 AuditQuality a Q Agency theory and the...
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...Social Roles in Society June 18, 2011 Social Roles in Society Social roles are patterns of behavior expected from people in various social positions. The concept of social role provides a way to name individuals interdependencies. The expectations that society puts on an individual, socialization is combined with changes in social behavior and organization. Psychology can help identify the components of the development of attitudes and how they change. Many psychologists subscribe to the belief that we take on, and act out certain roles because of cultures and societies (Social Roles and Expectations, n.d.). In 1971 Psychologist Philip Zimbardo along with his colleagues conducted a study that was focused on becoming a prisoner or prison guard. More than 70 applicants answered a newspaper ad and were given application and screening to eliminate people with psychological problem, medical disabilities, and a history of crime or drug abuse (Stanford Prison Experiment, n.d.). A prison environment was assembled in the basement of the Stanford University Psychology Department building. The planned two week investigation ended after only six days, due to the guards and questioning of its morality by Christina Maslach, who was a recent Stanford Ph.D. Social influence is a change in a person’s behavior conducted by the presence or actions of others (Coon & Mitterer, 2010). Stereotyping patterns can easily be identified, when referring to Zimbardo’s Prison, social roles...
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...Impact Analysis of Overflow Spillway on U/S Flows & Hydraulic Structure using CFD Technique – A Case Study of Marala HPP Ali Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Kaleem Sarwar2, Dr. Sajid Mehmood3, Azhar Bashir Magsi4 1. 2. 3. 4. Research fellow and corresponding author, Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: alinawaz.ce@gmail.com, Assistant Professor, Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: eng_Kaleem@yahoo.com Assistant Professor, Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: smahmoodpk@yahoo.com Project Manager, Sinotec Co., Ltd., Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: azhar_magsi@yahoo.com Abstract Barrages and canal falls are considered as a readily available option for hydropower generation as the pre-requisites of water and head are conveniently available on such sites. Most important aspect of such scheme is to set the levels of hydraulic structures so that there is absolutely no disturbance to the irrigation flows which is the basic purpose of the barrage and canal network. At the same time finding the optimum level for the proposed structures so that the maximum hydropower benefits are yielded through the scheme without compromising the safety. Present study intends to investigate the same for Marala Hydropower Project (MHP) proposed on Upper...
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...given in the assignment. As these solutions and answers are prepared by the private teacher/tutor so the chances of error or mistake cannot be denied. Any Omission or Error is highly regretted though every care has been taken while preparing these Sample Answers/ Solutions. Please consult your own Teacher/Tutor before you prepare a Particular Answer and for up-to-date and exact information, data and solution. Student should must read and refer the official study material provided by the university. Answer all the questions. Q. 1. Trace the development of modern English fiction with specific reference to the major shifts in literary perspective during the nineteenth century. Ans. While Ian Watt in The Rise of the Novel (1957) suggests that the novel came into being in the early 18th century which witnessed the rise of increasingly realistic fiction, and with a distinction made between fiction and history. This development reduced the importance of works of disreputable fiction. Fiction became valued as a defender of a higher truth, a truth beyond the flat, factual and historical truth of everyday experience. In the second half of the 18th century theories of aesthetics praised the “imitation of nature” and the artist’s almost divine...
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...Self-Assessment Written for the consortium team by Phil Bannister and Ian Baker (Sheffield Hallam University) © University of Northumbria at Newcastle 2000 Published by: Assessment and the Expanded Text School of Humanities University of Northumbria Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST Self-Assessment ISBN: 1-86135-080-5 Text editor: Rebecca Johnson Copy editor: Publications Office, University of Northumbria Designed and produced by the Department of External Relations DER: 2308HCB/6/00J Contents Project mission statement Introduction The nature and scope of the project i) The self-assessment sheet ii) Student guide to self-assessment iii) ‘Writing essays: A guide for literary studies students’ (sample) 5 7 8 10 13 23 Ways of using the materials i) How the self-assessment sheet can be used ii) Workshop using the self-assessment sheet 34 34 34 iii) How ‘Writing essays: A guide for literary studies students’ can be used 35 iv) Workshop using the essay guide 35 Impact on staff and students i) Student response to the self-assessment sheet ii) Student response to workshops using the materials iii) Staff response to the materials 37 37 37 37 Further references About the authors Acknowledgements Appendices i) Example of completed self-assessment sheet with essay 39 39 39 41 3 4 Project mission statement T he Assessment and the Expanded Text Consortium is a project directed by the English division at the University of Northumbria...
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...Chapter 1 Analyzing Economic Problems Solutions to Review Questions 1. What is the difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics? Microeconomics studies the economic behavior of individual economic decision makers, such as a consumer, a worker, a firm, or a manager. Macroeconomics studies how an entire national economy performs, examining such topics as the aggregate levels of income and employment, the levels of interest rates and prices, the rate of inflation, and the nature of business cycles. 2. Why is economics often described as the science of constrained choice? While our wants for goods and services are unlimited, the resources necessary to produce those goods and services, such as labor, managerial talent, capital, and raw materials, are “scarce” because their supply is limited. This scarcity implies that we are constrained in the choices we can make about which goods and services to produce. Thus, economics is often described as the science of constrained choice. 3. How does the tool of constrained optimization help decision makers make choices? What roles do the objective function and constraints play in a model of constrained optimization? Constrained optimization allows the decision maker to select the best (optimal) alternative while accounting for any possible limitations or restrictions on the choices. The objective function represents the relationship to be maximized or minimized. For example, a firm’s profit might be the objective...
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...software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface Energy harvesting is the conversion of ambient energy present in the environment into electrical energy. It is identical in principle to large-scale renewable energy generation, for example, solar or wind power, but very different in scale. While large-scale power generation is concerned with megawatts of power, energy harvesting typically refers to micro- to milli-watts, i.e. much smaller power generation...
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...venture and its application in the industrial practices across the globe. The research will present the information and proceedings in systematic chapters that will explain the design, methods and analysis apart from its conclusion report. 1.1 Background of the Joint Venture: Summarizing the background of the research topic is very critical in understanding the research background. To start with we need to learn the meaning of joint venture. Beamish (1998) has defined the international joint venture as the venture between a foreign company and a domestic company from the place of operations to promote business. Geringer & Hebert, (1989) believed the venture to be international if their business arrangement owns a higher degree of importance at multiple countries or at a global stage. Charles W. Hills (2007) has elaborated that international joint venture is an association, alliance between more than one enterprise of firm with legal entity come coming together to...
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...Study Material For M.B.A. Based on Latest Syllabus of MBA prescribed By Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak (DDE) 1st Semester (Part-1) By : Expert Faculties Publications SCF-181, HUDA Complex, Near New Telephone Exchange, Rohtak (Haryana) footer Publications SCF-181, HUDA Complex, Near New Telephone Exchange, Rohtak (Haryana) © Reserved No Part of this book can be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, or by any means (Electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the publisher of this book. All possible efforts have been made in the prepration of this book yet for any kind of errors and omissions, the publisher is responsible. In case of any dispute it will be subjected to Rohtak Jurisdiction Only. Price : Rs. 400.00 Published By : ZAD Publications, Rohtak footer “The Zad stars & their family are shining stars on the earth, being blessed by the stars in the sky to celebrate the spirit of success” as I am writing this success story, there is no substitute of hard-work, punctuality and disciplined efforts. It is relatively easy to achieve success, but difficult to maintain it. The best way to achieve the success is to do the ordinary things with extra ordinary enthusiasm. Because of our quality work and the sense of commitment to do something different, the institute is enhancing its number of branches...
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...A PROJECT PAPER ON ANALYZING THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF BRAND LOYALTY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF BANGLADESHI SUPERMARKET. 7th January, 2014 NORTHERN UNIVERSITY BANGLADESH ANALYZING THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF BRAND LOYALTY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF BANGLADESHI SUPERMARKET. Prepared by Shafa Alam Surovi ID: BBA080202800 Email: surovishaf@yahoo.com Department of Business Administration Northern University Bangladesh Submitted to Department of Business Administration Northern University Bangladesh 7th January, 2014 DECLARATION I do hereby declare that this project paper entitled “Analyzing the Influencing Factors of Brand Loyalty: An Empirical Study of Bangladeshi Supermarket”. Submitted by me to Northern University, Bangladesh, for the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration is an original work. I also declare that the project paper has not been submitted earlier either partly or wholly to any other University or Institution for any Degree, Diploma, Associate-ship, Studentship, Fellowship and other similar title or prizes. …………………… Shafa Alam Surovi ID-080202800 Email: surovishafa@yahoo.com Department of Business Administration Northern University Bangladesh BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this project paper entitled “Analyzing the Influencing Factors of Brand Loyalty: An Empirical Study of Bangladeshi Supermarket”. Submitted to Northern University Bangladesh, in connection with the project work is a bonafide record of...
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...A HANDBOOK FOR VALUE CHAIN RESEARCH Prepared for the IDRC by Raphael Kaplinsky and Mike Morris* We are grateful to colleagues in both our individual institutions and in the Spreading the Gains from Globalisation Network (particularly those participating in the Bellagio Workshop in September 2000) for discussions around many of the issues covered in this Handbook and also to Stephanie Barrientos, Jayne Smith and Justin Barnes. An Important Health Warning or A Guide for Using this Handbook Lest anyone feel overwhelmed by the depth of detail in this Handbook, especially with respect to the sections on methodology, we would like to emphasise at the outset: this Handbook is not meant to be used or read as a comprehensive step by step process that has to be followed in order to undertake a value chain analysis. We know of no value chain analysis that has comprehensively covered all the aspects dealt with in the following pages, and certainly not in the methodologically sequential Handbook set out below. Indeed to try and do so in this form would be methodologically overwhelming, and would certainly bore any reader of such an analysis to tears. Our intention in producing a Handbook on researching value chains is to try and comprehensively cover as many aspects of value chain analysis as possible so as to allow researchers to dip in and utilise what is relevant and where it is appropriate. It is not an attempt to restrict researchers within a methodological strait-jacket...
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...contravention of the ASCI Code for Self-Regulation in Advertising. As the Indian market has grown, the role of advertising as an important and legitimate means for the seller to awaken interest in his products or services has gained currency. But the debate on where one draws the line is something the industry is grappling with. As a self-regulatory voluntary organization of the Indian advertising industry, ASCI have an important role to play, often with limited powers. In 2010, 777 complaints had been received against 190 ads, of which 104 were upheld. In this research paper, researcher will study how effectively ASCI and CCC are dealing with advertisements which are obscene and misleading in nature. What are the criteria for calling an advertisement obscene or misleading? What procedure they follow when they receive any complaint against any advertisement? How much time they generally take to work on any complaint received? How serious industry is when it comes to ASCI codes and regulation? Researcher will study the importance of ASCI to the industry people and how effectively and efficiently they are able to handle the complaints received. 1. INTRODUCTION – ABOUT ASCI The Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI), established in 1985, is committed to the cause of Self-Regulation in Advertising, ensuring the protection...
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...Executive Summery World is becoming very complex but fast. To achieve any objective now, people have to be fast and managed themselves very quickly within the limited resources. Specially, throughout the business one has to accomplish unique outcomes with limited resources under critical time constraints. Beside this, we have to remember that Bangladesh is an under developed country. People here face too many constraints. The business people here also face too many barriers to lead their organization with the consistent of country’s economical, political, and other situations. So, to carry on the business companies have to undertake competitive business strategy. Among them ‘pricing strategy’ is most influential strategy for any business. We can mention ‘pricing strategy’ is the heart of overall business strategy of DANO milk powder. On the other hand, at the very beginning of job, I was working actually with the marketing strategy (pricing policy, Distribution & Logistics policy) of DANO milk Powder. So, in this report I have prefaced all possible factors related with marketing, financing, economy, production (Packaging) etc. As Arla Foods Ingredients, Bangladesh can get actual picture of milk powder market and also can get real orientation about pricing policy as well as other policy. So far, I have tried to give a target from product market to reach it to final buyers. In the report, I have put up a proposal about DANO milk powder, product design, marketing of DANO milk...
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...QUESTIONS Page Introduction to Training & Development Performance Appraisal & Training Training Process Trainer & Training Institutions - 6 3 2. 3. 5 19 8 9 12 32 4. 5. Evaluation of Training 6. 15 12 37 49 Training Methods and Techniques Annexure References 60 For more detail :- http://www.gurukpo.com UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Q.1. What is training? Ans.Training can be defined as “The systematic acquisition of attitudes, concepts, knowledge, roles, or skills, that result in improved performance at work.” It refers to the process of teaching employees the basic skills they need to perform their jobs. Training refers to skill enhancement processes and activities designed to provide learners with the knowledge and skills needed for their present jobs. Q.2.What is training needs assessment? Ans. Training Needs Assessment consists of : Organizational Analysis :Examines systemwide factors that effect the transfer of newly acquired skills to the workplace Person Analysis: Who needs what kind of training Task Analysis: Provides statements of the activities and work operations performed on the job Q.3.What is training design? Ans. Training design refers to the content, methods, material etc. used for purpose of imparting training. It is based on the following information:...
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