...THE BILL OF RIGHTS UNDER 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION: A FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE IMPORTANT TO FILIPINOS Thesis Statement: As democratic countries raised in the world, we people should know our rights in order us to protect or defend our credibility from any violations against our will. I. Introduction: Historical Context, definition of bill of rights and philippine constitution, and thesis statement II. History of the philippine constitution A. Articles 1. Bill of Rights a. Most important section b. Least important section B. Basis of the Constitution C. Implementation from 1987-1999 D. Implementation from 2000- present III. Impact of having bill of rights A. In the first day of implementation 1. To poor people 2. To middle class people 3. To rich people B. In the present IV. Importance of having bill of rights A. Present 1. Society a. As students 2. Government b. As leaders 3. Industry a. As professionals b. As skilled workers B. Future V. Effects of having bill of rights A. International 1. Economic talks 2. Sovereignty talks 3. Peace talks B. National or Local VI. Conclusion: In 1986, after the People Power Revolution which ousted the reigm of President Ferdinand Marcos, and following the inauguration of President Corazon Aquino as the first female president of the Philippine Republic, she issued Proclamation No. 3, which declare the national...
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...As it stand the United States Constitution and the Declaration of Independence are the oldest documents within the American government. Essentially these two documents hold such value because they had a helping hand in the establishment of America and delivered us our freedom from the British. Although both documents contain key information in regards to the independence of this country, they differ in a many ways. The United States Constitution and Declaration of Independence differ in their intended objectives and appeal. Since being established the United States Constitution has been the highest law of this country. The Declaration of Independence however, is a document that was adopted by congress on July 4, 1776 and announced the 13 colonies who were at war with Great Britain at the time were seeking and declaring sovereignty from the British, thus signifying to all other nations that America had indeed become a free nation. The reason this document came to be was because Throughout the 1760s to early 1770s, North American colonists realized that they were constantly at the losing end of British policies regarding taxation. Although the most commonly remembered phrase within the context of the Declaration of Independence may be that “that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”(Hole, 2001 ). In reality there are more to it than just that, although...
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...The Systematic Obliteration of the Constitutional Republic The power of the US federal government, relative to the power of the states, has increased since the ratification of the Constitution in 1791. Describe how the provisions within the Constitution pertaining to the ‘power to tax and spend’ (Art.1, sec.8, pt.1) and the ‘commerce clause’ (Art.1, sec.8, pt.3) have been used over time to expand federal power and thus the power of the President. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness” (Declaration of Independence, n.d.). Taken adapted from the scholar John Locke’s “Life Liberty and Estate” in his text the ‘Second Treatise of Government’, (Locke, J. 2005) and incorporated into the United States declaration of independence. Much has been said on the influence of Locke, on Thomas Jefferson during the drafting of the United States declaration of independence, such as was argued by McKay, (2005 pp. 44) . However, where Locke emphasized the importance of procuring and maintaining a limited government, it appears his influences on the political foundation of the United States drew to a halt here. As we are now bearing witness, to one of the most rapidly expanding government institutions in western liberal democracy. In this essay, I intend to discuss how the expansion of federal government power has increased...
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...why I've chosen to become an anti-federalist. The anti-federalist party was the first out of two political parties of the U.S. This party was led by Henry, George Mason and Samuel Adams alongside Richard Henry Lee who wanted the president and the senate to have the entire executive and 2/3 of the legislative power. As an anti-federalist, I believe that the constitution should not be ratified. I feel like the best way, that the U.S citizens should be protected is by being kept safe from the Government and the bill of rights will do that because of the freedom and liberty that it gives us. "The greatest importance for Freemen to retain themselves are the liberties given to us in the bill of rights", which is why it's so important that we'd add it to the constitution. In order to get the bill of rights to be in the constitution we'd need to sacrifice part of our natural rights, for the good of others around us. The anti-federalist believed that the constitution should have a bill of rights. The Anti-federalist opposed the constitution, while the federalist themselves favored it. The federalist's constitution was a bill of rights itself with reserved powers for the states. The anti-federalist had believed that the government shouldn't receive too much power, that's why it wanted to give most to the states. The federalist wanted a strong national government while the anti-federalist wanted a weaker national government, and a stronger state Government. The...
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...explain which freedom in the first amendment relates to me the most, discuss why the Bill of rights are important, and discuss the process for amending the Constitution. The freedom in the first amendment of the constitution relates to me the most would be Freedom of Religion. Freedom of Religion states that as an American I can practice ANY religion I want or I do not have to practice any religion at all. The reason freedom of religion relates to me most is because I am a strong believer in the idiom “to each his own”. I do not care if my friend is Jewish, Hindu, Christian, the list goes on. I think expressing one’s self is extremely important and religion is one of those ways. To me, what a person’s religion is does not determine if they are a good person or not. There are people that consider themselves “Jewish” or “Christian” but yet they are extremely mean and do not care about others. Freedom of religion allows for every single citizen of the United States to have a sense of freedom. We do not feel obligated to have a certain type of religion, which is better! The reason I say this is because if we are not forced to follow a certain type of religion this means that the religion we are following is because we CHOSE to follow it. We are apart of our own religion because we truly want that religion to be apart of us. For example, I am Christian, no one told me to follow the Christian faith. I choose it, on my own; I choose to be a Christian, just like mostly every other...
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...they lived in it. He then stresses the importance of primary sources such as journals and newspapers. These are a way to capture the languages used and provides us with a better understanding of their time. However the type of languages varied time to time. Such as different views, such as Locke libertarianism and and Protestant work ethic. These two separate views led to a division amongst society. Accepting one of these ways would make it impossible to accept the other because they all slightly vary. Civic humanism believes in the liberty for all people and believed in everyone have equal rights. Liberalism mean the people would all have equal rights without jeopardizing the people’s possession. It is said in the text that if you take away a person merchandise then your are taking away their rights (Kramnick). Finally the languages used created a segregation between people. Therefore none could exist in the other. They all have different views on liberty. Under Libertarianism, more specifically around Locke’s views, everyone had equal liberty. Being a good citizen within the good community ment accepting everyone individuality. He believes that these individuals need to find integrity in their own work, they need pride. A busy man who keeps to himself will lead to his own accomplishments (Kramnick 18). To be a good citizen everyone must have their own individual responsibility. The Federalist were looking forward in the ratification debates. The Federalist were the ones...
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...opinion. Our current system of government stands true to the original ideas of the framers of the Constitution yet has also stood the test of time, moving forward as we grow as a nation, and still keeping the original ideals while amending those that become outdated with more relevant laws. The key to our democratic principles remaining in place is our commitment to our civic responsibilities in the country as a whole. The Constitution includes a system of checks and balances set there to make certain that all three branches of our government, the legislative, the judicial, and the executive, all must work together to make policy. This separation of powers and the requirement that all be included in policy making is what sets our country apart in its pursuit of democratic values. It was a disturbing omission in the initial Constitution of the specific meaning of "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness". The later ratification of the first ten amendments did go a long way towards clarification of the rights of the citizenry. If I had been a part of the original framers, I might have been more specific in the defining of the terms used within the original document. As previously stated I feel that there is a strong argument for the first Amendment, Religion, Speech, Assembly, and Petition, being considered to be the most important. While I understand and respect the importance of...
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...“Our new constitution is now established and has an appearance that promises permanency, but in this world nothing can be said to be certain except taxes and death” B. Franklin When the founding fathers created the American government or the constitution they formed a living document that was split into three different branches. Each branch was meant to keep the other in check and make sure that they did not abuse their powers. The branches of government were as follow the lawmaking, executive and the jurisdictive. The constitution started out has simple two page document because the founding fathers couldn’t agree on much of anything. When the framers first thought of the Supreme Court they were thinking of a branch of government that would have supreme power. This is evident by the way each branch is laid out in the establishment. Each branch of government has its power expounded to them in detail. When it came to the court the description of power became vague. Some scholars believe that the founding fathers didn’t give the Supreme Court as many restrictions because they wanted a court of judge that would rule and intrepid the constitution as they would. The constitution was never meant to govern the people of America it was meant to rule and control them. The founding fathers picked people for the court that had the same backgrounds as them. According to the how the constitution is worded the framers gave the court the right to make law based on thing un for seen by them...
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...William and Mary Law Review Volume 49 | Issue 4 Article 16 Constitution Writing in Post-conflict Settings: An Overview Jennifer Widner Repository Citation Jennifer Widner, Constitution Writing in Post-conflict Settings: An Overview, 49 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 1513 (2008), http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr/vol49/iss4/16 Copyright c 2008 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr CONSTITUTION WRITING IN POST-CONFLICT SETTINGS: AN OVERVIEWt JENNIFER WIDNER* During the past forty years, over 200 new constitutions have emerged in countries at risk of internal violence. Internationally brokered peace accords have entailed the development of constitutions not only in the Balkans but also in Cambodia, Lebanon, East Timor, Rwanda, Chad, Mozambique, Bougainville-Papua New Guinea, Nepal, the Comoros, and other places.' New constitutions have heralded the adoption of multiparty systems from Albania to Zambia. 2 Policymakers have started to ask what we have learned and specifically whether some constitutional reform processes are more likely than others to deliver a reduction in violence or more rights-respecting fundamental documents. For example, over the past decade, the Commonwealth, the U.S. Institute of Peace, and t This Article draws in part on WIDER Research Paper 2005/51 and is published with the kind permission of the UNU-WIDER. * Professor of Politics and International Affairs, Princeton...
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...History of the Treaty of Constitution for Europe – TCE: The establishment of a Treaty of Constitution for Europe (TCE) was a treaty attempting to create a solid constitution for the European Union that was unratified. The ideia was replace the current European Union treaties with a Constitution text, with legal force to the Charter of Fundamental Rights and expand Qualified Majority Voting into policy areas. The Treaty was actually signed on October 2004 by representatives of 25 member states and was later ratified by 18 member states. Spain and Luxembourg made referendums that approved the measure. As a consequence of the rejection of the project by France and Netherlands referendums the ratification process was ended. The Lisbon Treaty, that entered into force on 2009, replaced the Constitutional Treaty after some period. A lot of changes that were in the Constitutional text were add in the existing treaties as amendments. Inicial steps: The new debates on the future of Europe bagan at the Laeken European Council 2001, when former French President proposed to draft a Constitution. A European Convention was founded, chaired by the same former French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and composed of two Members of Parliament (generally one from the governing majority and one from the opposition) of each Member State, 16 MEPs, 2 members of the European Commission and a representative from each government. Then, the President of the European Commission backed...
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...Arizona Statehood & Constitution Kelli Miller Grand Canyon University: POS 301 January 22, 2013 Arizona Statehood & Constitution Arizona is recorded to have began in 1539 by the Europeans with the first documented exploration of the area by Marcos de Niza. Arizona was part of Mexico because the population was small. The United States took possession in 1848 after the Mexican-American War. Arizona split off from New Mexico in 1863, and became a state on February 14, 1912. Arizona still continues to grow today as a state in population, with retirees and tourism. I will be describing and analyzing events that have impacted Arizona becoming a state. Preterritorial Period The earliest cultures of Arizona can be speculated to have appeared around 25,000 BC. In 500 A.D., the more defined cultures emerged being known as the Hohokam whom was pit dwellers that specialized in irrigation systems. They brought water by way of canals to grow crops; and many of the remains of their canals still can be traced. The Casa Grande tells us a great deal about the achievements of the civilization. Beginning in the 11th Century, the Pueblo developed underground chambers to build their homes and cotton fiber. They lived in elaborate cliff dwellings, unlike the Hohokam. Around this time, Spanish colonist began to populate the territory in search of fortune. The Apache and Navajo whom exited Canada in the 13th century began to settle the land. This time was known for many battles and...
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...Women, Constitutions, and Buddhism Gender inequality exists in most of the world’s religions. In Buddhism, many Buddhists have come to assume that being born a woman represents a lower status and a lesser spiritual potential (French & Nathan, 334). The stereotype of a female rebirth as lower than a male has historically resulted in discriminatory attitudes toward women and has been correlated with obstacles to women’s education and ordination. Id. Buddhist women, including nuns, have faced harsh discrimination by Buddhist institutions in Asia for centuries. However, the Buddha and even the Dali Lama himself have accepted the role of women as Buddhists nuns and acknowledged the possibility “of attaining all four stages of the religious path to liberation.” Id. at 344. This reflection paper will focus on the role of women in Buddhism and its effect on the law and also speak on the influence of Buddhism in the Constitutions of Bhutan. The Buddha taught a path to enlightenment and liberation from suffering for all sentient beings and people in every walk of life, to women as well as men, without discriminating class, race, nationality, or social background. For those individuals who wished to dedicate themselves fully to the practice of his teachings, he established a monastic order that included both a Bhikshu Sangha (an order of monks) and a Bhikshuni Sangha (an order of nuns). The first step in becoming a Buddhists nun (or monk) is the going forth or leaving the household...
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...Revolution. He lacked the Washington’s character, and Adam’s intellect. He affected the country and the revolution in many ways not always on purpose, but he also had some great ideas and plans that were critical to successfully secede. He was not commemorated until almost a decade after Washington for his efforts (CRE,322). This can be such an encouragement to others and show that you don’t always have to look for recognition to do something. For Hancock he not only was commemorated but gained a huge amount of money as well. This prize did not come easy though. John Hancock was just so focus on the wellbeing of his people that others did not see the change in him until his final years. He was taught so much whether it was dining with men of importance in England or charging the British redcoats in Massachusetts or building a document of treason. God truly was with him. Just another example of God’s control over our complex...
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...Madison, born in 1751 in Orange County, Virginia, was America’s fourth president, he served from 1809 - 1817. He wrote The Federalist Paper, with John Jay and Alexander Hamilton. Many people referred to him as The Father of The Constitution because of his major contributions to the ratification of the Constitution. James Madison was the oldest of 12 children. In 1762 he was sent to a boarding school. When he returned home, his father got him a private tutor because he was concerned about his health. In 1769, He enrolled in the college of New Jersey (now known as princeton university). While attending he studied many such as latin, science and philosophy, along with other subjects. Although he officially graduated in 1771, he stayed to...
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...There were, however, two qualifications to this population basis for determining representation: “Indians not taxed” were excluded, and the amendment specifically defined the potential electorate as “male.” Here, for the first time, was an explicit reference to gender in the US Constitution. Since the women’s rights movement was now in its second decade and included a call for political equality in its platform, the amenders of the Constitution could no longer assume, as had the Founders, that “we the people” simply meant men, and did not include, in any politically significant way, women. Women had to be explicitly excluded or they would be implicitly included.” (History Now). The example above just shows us that women were really not that important to anyone back then. They probably believed women were only good for staying at home and doing something simple. Instead, women were proving them wrong and just wanted to feel equal on the political...
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