...1993 ). I use social capital theory of Putnam (2000) in the terms of explaining the forms of social capital. According to Putnam (2000:19), physical capital refers physical objects and human capital refers to the properties of the individuals, social capital refers to connections among individuals, social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness arise from them” The strong interaction between people leads to build communities and it knit the social fabric. when social connection and the social wellbeing happens in their primary group it can mention as social bonding (Isham et...
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...Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environment, all areas affecting a business. * POLITICAL: The capital market of India is very vulnerable. This is because of its democracy way and also the extremely unbalanced growth and rampant corruption. India has been politically instable in the past but it is a little politically stable nowadays. The political instability of the country has a very strong impact on the capital market. The share market of India changes as the political changes took place. This is clearly seen in the Hindus and Muslims crisis between 2003 and 2004. The capital market of India is too weak and is based on speculations. The political stability of the country is very important for the stability and growth of capital market in India. The political imbalance or balance of the country is the major factor in deciding the capital market of India. The political factors include: 1. employment laws 2. tax policy 3. trade restrictions and tariffs 4. political stability * ECONOMICAL: The economical measures taken by the government of India has a very strong relationship with the capital market. Whenever the annual budget is announced the capital market goes up and down with the economical policies of the government .If the policies are supportive to the companies then the capital market takes it positively and if there is any other policy that is not supportive and it is not welcomed then the capital market goes down.The...
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...Resources SUMMARY/OBJECTIVES One of the key trends today is the emergence of the importance of the knowledge worker in today’s economy. It is critical for managers to not only recognize the importance of top talent but also the need to leverage human capital in order to innovate and, in the end, to develop products and services that create value. This chapter is divided into four sections. 1. The first section focuses on the increasing role of knowledge as the primary means of wealth generation in today’s economy. After all, in the New Economy a firm’s value is based much more on knowledge, know-how, and intellectual assets — not the traditional factors of production (i.e., labor and capital). 2. The second section addresses the key resource itself — human capital — the foundation for the creation of intellectual capital. We explore ways in which the organization can attract, develop, and retain human capital as well as the importance of recognizing the interdependence of these three activities. We also address the value of a diverse work force. 3. Third, we discuss the critical role of social capital, that is, the network of relationships among individuals. We address both social capital within organizations as well as across organizations. 4. The final section focuses on the role of technology in leveraging human capital. This can range from such basic technologies as email to more complex forms such as sophisticated...
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...REALYN PAGILAGAN COOPERATIVES AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT BSENT 4-2 In my perception to social capital an economic idea that refers to the connections between individuals and entities that can be economically valuable. Social networks that include people who trust and assist each other can be a powerful asset. These relationships between individuals and firms can lead to a state in which each will think of the other when something needs to be done. Along with economic capital, social capital is a valuable mechanism in economic growth. For example, if you know someone at a company where you are applying for a job and this connection helps you get the job at the company, you have used social capital. Social capital can also have negative effects. For example, if a social network is used for manipulative or destructive purposes that will affect the economy negatively, such as when a group colludes to fix market prices. In my collective conclusion and perception for the defining social capital are defined networks together with Shared norms, values and understandings that facilitate co-operation within or among groups”. In this definition, we can think of networks as Real-world links between groups or individuals. Think of networks of Friends, family networks, networks of former colleagues, and so on. Our Shared norms, values and understandings are less concrete than our Social networks. Sociologists sometimes speak of norms as society’s...
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...WHY IS THE HUMAN CAPITAL SO IMPORTANT FOR THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF MAURITIUS? Introduction This assignment aims to look at the special importance of human capital to the economy of Mauritius. First, we go about defining the concept of human capital. Afterwards, there will be a section which talks a bit about the history of the economy of Mauritius. Then we will move on to another section which tries to explore the different factors as to why and how human capital is important to Mauritius. We will then have a concluding remark. We will end by some possible recommendations. What is human capital? Adam Smith defined human capital as follows: “Fourthly, of Justin Slay’s types of capital which is of the acquired and useful abilities of all the inhabitants or members of the education, study, or apprenticeship, always costs a real expense, which is a capital fixed and realized, as it were, in his person. Those talents, as they make a part of his fortune, so do they likewise that of the society to which he belongs. The improved dexterity of a workman may be considered in the same light as a machine or instrument of trade which facilitates and abridges labour, and which, though it costs a certain expense which certainly repays afterwards. The use of the term in the modern neoclassical economic literature dates back to Jacob Mincer's article "Investment in Human Capital and Personal Income Distribution" in the Journal of Political Economy in 1958. Theorists also...
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...Reference journal for getting an Idea on how to write the term paper. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management is a semestral, open access scientific journal that publishes theoretical and empirical peer-reviewed articles, which contribute to advance the understanding of phenomena related with all aspects of industrial engineering and industrial management. JIEM includes contributions, but not limited to, in the following fields: (1) Production, Logistics, Quality, and Operational Research; (2) Information Systems, Technology and Communication; (3) Industrial Economics and Regional Development; (4) Management, Organizational Behaviour and Human Resources; (5) Finance, Accounting and Marketing; and (6) Education, Training and Professional Skills. Term Paper can focus on Mapping new frontiers in emerging and developing technology areas in research, industry and governance.. Some Abstracts which emphasis on the Technology and Marketing. These are abstracts of articles which are already published. These are for your reference and you can start working in the same way concentrating on Technology and Marketing. * Trial-and-Error Marketing: The Role of the Customer in Tech Start-ups by Fabian Eggers, Deborah Brown McCabe Abstract: This paper explores the role of a customer- or product-centric focus in young technology firms decision-making and whether the behaviors of these firms differ from textbook marketing. rnData from depth interviews with founders of growth-stage...
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...The structural-functional strain of sociological theory will serve as a springboard for analyzing stratification in education and employment. Stratification is a system of positions that operates as a distribute system of rewards and punishments to populations based on only on their social position rather than the people occupying them (Davis & Moore, 1945). The rewards are considered rights essential to having a given social position and punishments are considered just deserts (Davis & Moore, 1945, p. 243). As a result, inequality in institution depends on control by an elite power structure over access to institutions such as education and employment, as these power structures ensure that the most desired social positions have individuals...
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...are some that express concerns like over population and fewer jobs for native born workers, the reality is that the aging population and falling birth rates drive a necessity for foreign-born workers. This may especially be true in growth areas that involve technological advancements. There has been an influx of foreign born, highly educated workers that help drive the economy and push it towards a growth cycle (Matloff, 2013). The importance of these workers cannot be overstated, any economy must be tied to innovation to help it sustain and improve. 2. How do the changes discussed in these articles affect a firm’s ability to develop Human and Social capital? Understanding the demographic of the work force is vital to developing human and social capital. Change is the best way to describe the approach. An organization must be ready to change its approach to workers and deal with them in a manner that has the most meaning to the workers. Only by understanding the changes in the workforce can an organization utilize the human and social capital of the members. An organization that has a changing workforce needs to...
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...Lecture 1: Introducing Culture and Globalization Globalization: the increasing interconnectedness of the world (interconnectivity) Culture: shared ways of understanding and doing things (conceptual lense) and is socially constructed, hence changeable Culture Core question of course: does increasing globalization lead to the spread of new global cultures (more cultural sameness) or to more cultural differences? Globalization increases cultural similarities and differences the four main characteristics of globalization ~ Cochrane and Pain 1. stretched social relations, 2. intensification of flows, 3. increasing interpenetration of cultures, 4. an development of global infrastructure Globalization is driven by modern science, capitalism, and industrialism The four power players in globalization (‘nation states’, ‘military’, ‘division of labour’, and ‘capitalism’) ~Giddens Two main forms of culture contact: hybridization and differentiation Globalization involves reflexivity, i.e. ‘old certainties’ disappear Reflexivity is the idea that both individuals and society are defined not just by themselves, but also in relation to each other. Therefore they must both continually redefine themselves in reaction to others and to new information Lecture 2: Is There a Global Culture? • • • Power relations: having the ‘right’ to define what things are (Giddes, lecture 1) ‘Us – them’ distinctions The power relations of four groups in society: Majorities and elites are dominant...
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...Importance of Human Resource Investment for Organizations and Economy: A Critical Analysis Jan Mohammed∗, Mitho Khan Bhatti∗∗, Ghulam Ali Jariko∗∗∗ & Abdul Wahid Zehri∗∗∗∗ Abstract Human resource is the most crucial asset of an organization. The successful performance of an organization, by and large depend upon the quality of its human resources. The quality of organization’s human resources depends upon the extent of knowledge through training and education they have received and their motivational level. Organizations want to utilize their manpower through human resources management. Human resource development (HRD) is one of the most important functions of human resource management. The aim of human resource development in an organization is to maximize the productivity and increase the return on investment of all the organizational stakeholders. HRD is a combination of organizational endeavors including education, training, development, career planning and development that ensure continual improvement and growth of both the individuals and organizations. The foray of workers entering into public and private sector organizations in Baluchistan from various disciplines has necessitated the need for appraising the Human Resource Development situations in Baluchistan. Therefore this article is an attempt to investigate the human resource situations in the province. Keywords: Human Resource Development, Human Resource Management, Training and Development...
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...Kinicki and Kreitner (2012) describe Human Capital as individual intelligence, vision, skill, self-esteem, ethics, and emotional maturity. The two describe Social Capital as productive potential based on strong relationships, goodwill, trust, and cooperation. The Whole Foods enterprise is a prime example of valuing Human and Social capital. Whole Foods has many examples of valuing Human Capital. The first example is that they hire the right people for their culture. Whole Foods team members believe they are changing the world through integrity and having the highest values. Management employs individuals with these same values. The second example is the training model utilized at Whole Foods. The organization believes in producing well-trained...
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...The accumulation of capital is the gathering or amassing of objects of value as judged by one’s perceived reproductive interest group, the increase in wealth through, concentration, or the creation of wealth. Capital is money or a financial asset invested for the purpose of making more money (whealth in the form of profit, rent, interest, royalties, capital may also be seen as a form of capital, investment in one’s personal abilities, such as through education, to improve their function and therefore increase their income potential in a market economy. Poverty is the inability of getting choices and opportunities of human dignity. It means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. It means not having enough to feed and cloth a family, not having a school or clinic to go to not earn one’s living, not having acces to credit. It means insecurity powerlessness and exclusion of individuals house holds and communities. A developing country, also called a less developed country (LDC) is a nation with a lower living standard, underdeveloped industrial base and low human development index (HDI), relative to other countries. The development of a country is measured with statistical indexes such as income per capital (per person), (gross domestic product), life expectancy, the rate of literacy (ignoring reading addiction). Developing countries like Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia and others are, in general countries that have not achieved a significant degree of industrialization...
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...Robert H. Chenhall Monash University Matthew Hall London School of Economics and Political Science David Smith Monash University Social capital The role of management control systems in NGOs Research executive summary series Volume 6 | Issue 6 Key findings: • Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are being confronted with the competitive nature of acquiring funds and need to demonstrate that they have particular competencies to funders, while at the same time continuing to adhere to their traditional welfare or development values. • The evidence shows that developing formal management controls can help NGOs to develop networks with government departments, funding agencies, other service providers and clients. However, formal management controls also have the potential to damage the internal bonding between employees. • Developing belief systems to incorporate financial concerns, along with traditional welfare goals, would seem a useful starting point in the move towards managing in a more competitive NGO sector. Overview and objectives In recent years non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have become increasingly important in addressing humanitarian issues relating to welfare and developmental aid. NGOs face increasing pressure to demonstrate service delivery in cost efficient ways. This creates tension over delivering welfare services while operating within the constraints of cost management. The application of management control systems...
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...THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF IMMIGRANTS The Role of Human and Social Capital AGNIESZKA KANAS Kanas, A.M. The Economic Performance of Immigrants. The Role of Human and Social Capital Dissertation, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Cover illustration: Krzysztof Wodiczko, Goscie/Guests, 2009, instalacja wideo/video installation, 17,17 min./minutes. Dzieki uprzejmosci artysty i Fundacji Profile/courtesy of the artist and Profile Foundation, Warsaw. Cover design: Agnieszka Kanas & Sebastian Gryglewicz Printed by: Wöhrmann Print Service ISBN: 978-90-393-5550-3 © Agnieszka Kanas, 2011 All Rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrival system of any nature, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electrnically, mechanically, by photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission from the author. THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF IMMIGRANTS The Role of Human and Social Capital DE ECONOMISCHE POSITIE VAN IMMIGRANTEN De rol van menselijk en sociaal kapitaal (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. G.J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 28 juni 2011 des middags te 2.30 uur door Agnieszka Małgorzata Kanas geboren op 3 februari 1980 te Trzcianka, Polen Promotoren: Prof. dr. F.A...
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...KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT Any enterprise can potentially grow profitably through its management of knowledge for intellectual capital. For this purpose, it however, needs to craft an innovative and viable design of its business system. A business system design (BSD) comprises a dynamic architecture which is isomorphic across firms in space and time. A dense dynamic nexus of social capital, human capital and knowledge management - the knowledge management nexus (KMN) - forms the core of BSD. KMN continually rationalises and revitalises the BSD. An inclusive concept of knowledge spectrum as the quintessential resource for value creation is elaborated briefly in terms of its dynamic configuration. A firm's intellectual capital (IC) is seen as the resultant of its KMN. IC represents a firm's meta-capability toward overcoming challenges and exploiting opportunities in its continual pursuit of value creation. Various methods, frameworks of KM discussed in class were : THE SKANDIA NAVIGATOR 1. Financial focus of the Skandia Navigator captures the financial outcome of our activities. It is here where we establish the long term goals and also a large part of the overall conditions for the other perspectives. This could be profitability and growth that shareholders demand. 2. Customer focus gives an indication on how well the organization meets the needs of its customers via services and products. 3. Process focus of the Skandia Navigator captures the actual processes of creating the services...
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