...Considering the current trend of forest management practice, develop an appropriate strategy to manage the forest resource of Bangladesh in a sustainable way. Acknowledgement In performing my assignment, it's a successful one I had to take the help and guideline of some respected persons. First of all I am grateful to Allah who gives me sound mind & sound health to accomplish my assignment. The completion of the report gives me much Pleasure. I would like to thank my gratitude Mr. Md. Jakariya (Jky), Course Instructor of Introduction to Environmental Science, Sec 4, North South University, Bangladesh for giving me a good guideline for assignment. I would like to thank School of Business Studies, North South University for updated education system in Bangladesh. Lastly I would like to deliver my whole hearted thanks to the persons of Forest Department of Bangladesh for their cordial cooperation. Actually it was not possible for me to complete a severe task without such help. So I pray the long life and good health for all the persons who have helped and co-operated me in my assignment research. Sabrina Alvi 20 December, 2013 Table of content Title | Page | Introduction | | Forest of Bangladesh Table 1:Forest area in Bangladesh ...
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...Current Trends in Forest and Environmental Policies in Sri Lanka The article attempts to discuss the trends of forest policy in terms of the historical perspective, implementation strategies, and institutional development. In the introduction, the authors begin by stating about the current state rapid degradation of the environment in Sri Lanka. Since importance was given to high economic growth rates and employment creation for poverty alleviation, there wasn’t enough attention given to manage the forests. Then the authors follows by the consequences of these natures degradation and the importance of environmental management. They then discuss about conditions required to achieve sustainable development in environment management, Governments...
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...and Forests: Tongass National Forest Name: Course: Instructor: Date: American Rangelands and Forests: Tongass National Forest Part 1: Description of the forest |Forest Location |Brief History of Forest |Current land management problems |Current federal land management strategies addressing the challenges |One sustainable effort that should be implemented | |American Rangeland or Forest: Tongass National Forest |Southeastern part of the state of Alaska, United States |The first part of the forest reserve named the Alexander Archipelago was established in 1902. In 1908, a presidential proclamation created another section of forest reserve named the Tongass. The two sections were joined in 1909 to from what is currently known as the Tongass National Forest. |-Extensive logging subjects the forest to the risk of destruction. -Lack of roads reduces efficiency of the forest officers in managing the forest and controlling overexploitation of resources. |-Formulation of laws that prohibit clear-cutting. -Construction of a road network in the forest. |-Fencing the forest and creating specified entry and exit paths can help in controlling the exploitation of natural resources in Tongass National Forest. | | Part 2: Sustainability plan 1. Action items My plan for a sustainable forest cover is to develop programs and services that will enlighten the community on the negative impacts of human activities on forest and how...
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...TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….3 Land Act……………………………………………………………………………………..3 Water Act…………………………………………………………………………………….4 Forest Act…………………………………………………………………………………….5 International Convention of Environment……………………………………………………6 References…………………………………………………………………………………….9 INTRODUCTION Environmental Laws are the standards that governments establish to manage natural resources and environmental quality. The broad categories of ‘natural resources” and “environment quality” include such areas as air and water pollution, forest and wildlife, hazardous waste, agricultural practices, wetlands, and land use planning. The promulgation of the Kenya Constitution, 2010 marked an important chapter in Kenya environmental policy development. Hailed as a green Constitution, it embodies elaborate provisions with considerable implications for sustainable development. These range from environmental principles and implications of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) to the right to clean and healthy environment enshrined in the Bill of Rights. This paper will highlight on the Water Act, Land Act, Forest Act and International Convention of environment (Mohammed,2012). LAND ACT Land resources are finite, fragile and non-renewable. Land is considered a capital and asset that...
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...quantity and providing bio-energy raises the premium on forest resources (Temu et al 2008). It is expected that for any sustainable development to be achieved by any nation, the educational sector (most especially the Higher Education) must play a significant and critical role. This sector is expected to build up people’s knowledge. In Nigeria, on how to maintain and utilize the forest and its resources at the university level, more than twenty offers...
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...ASEAN’s achievements and contribution to its members Since its inception in 1967, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has made a number of achievements towards regional peace, stability, and prosperity. Thailand has played an active role in ASEAN from the very beginning. Thailand is one of the founding members of ASEAN, together with Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore. The ASEAN Declaration or Bangkok Declaration was signed on 8 August 1967 at Saranrom Palace, Bangkok. As stipulated in the Bangkok Declaration, ASEAN was established with an aim to promote peace and stability, and accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavors in a spirit of equality and partnership. Over the years, ASEAN has gradually evolved and expanded to include Brunei Darussalam (1984), Viet Nam (1995), Lao PDR and Myanmar (1997), and Cambodia (1999). The peace and stability that the Southeast Asian countries have been enjoying today to a large extent, largely due to ASEAN's role as a forum that promotes and fosters trust and confidence amongst its Member States. ASEAN has successfully maintained peace, stability and security in the region through the various frameworks and mechanisms, such as Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality (ZOPFAN) (1971), Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (TAC) (1976), and Southeast Asian Nuclear‐Weapon‐Free Zone Treaty (SEANWFZ) (1995). To further enhan...
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...Executive Summary Sustainable forest management is first and foremost a local and national responsibility. Nevertheless, there is much to be gained from international cooperation, and many developing countries continue to rely on foreign assistance, including in supporting the sustainable management of forests and other natural resources. However, forests (and other development objectives) often suffer from competing and overlapping priorities both among donors and between donors and national governments. Ensuring effective collaboration among donors and government agencies in developing countries is a prerequisite for improving the governance, monitoring, assessment and management of forests. Developed countries also face challenges associated with competing domestic policy goals that undermine efforts to achieve sustainable forest management. Therefore, more effective communication and coordination across sectors and countries is needed for a sustainable future. In this project we concludes with four broad strategies for a sustainable future: • Plant trees and invest in ecosystem services. • Promote small and medium forest-based enterprises, and gender equity. • Use wood for energy; reuse and recycle wood products. • Enhance communication, and coordinate development. About half the forest managed by Forestry Tasmania are available for sustainable timber production. A network of formal and informal reserves on State forest protects values such as flora, fauna, soil...
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...Livelihood Development of Forest-dependent Communities in and around Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary (LDFC-CWS) Background and Rationale The Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary (CWS) is a 7764 ha Protected Area (PA), covering Chunati and Jaldi Ranges of Chittagong South Forest Division. Till recent past, the problem of forest degradation and deforestation was particularly high in the area. According to Forest Department (FD) estimates, approximately 50,000 people live in and around the wildlife sanctuary. Large tracts of forest land have been denuded and numerous species of flora and fauna are lost over the last few decades. The sanctuary is threatened by the destruction of its natural resources and by conversion into other forms of land use. The local people cultivate different agricultural crops in this area and use forest products such as wood as fuel or sell it to earn an income. On the other hand, CWS is a part of natural habitat of the globally threatened Asian Elephant. Therefore, restoration and conservation of the CWS is of particular importance for the conservation of Asian Elephant and also for other fauna and flora of the sanctuary. Moreover, CWS has considerable potential for carbon sequestration and trading. Forest Department (FD) in collaboration with GIZ is implementing a project entitled ‘Management of Natural Resources and Community Forestry, Chunati’ (hereinafter the ‘Chunati Project’), which aims at strengthening protection and enrichment of forest plantations and developing...
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...a) Preservation, promoted by John Muir, values the protection of natural wilderness from economic use. Conservation, advocated by Gifford Pinchot, emphasizes the importance of the sustainable use of natural resources (Bulkan, 2016a). Preservation is the concept of forests being a “never failing fountain of wealth and beauty” for everyone to relax and enjoy, not for economic prosperity (Muir, 1901, p.51). This can be achieved by creating protected areas, allowing nature to be uninterrupted and uninfluenced by man (Bulkan, 2016a). Conservation, on the other hand, is the practice of sustainably using forests for development, for the present and future generations (Pinchot, 1910, p. 33). Natural resources are to be efficiently utilized while reducing...
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...Systems and Sustainable Development in Africa: Case Study on Kenya Davis Wekesa Barasa INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) is currently drawing special attention of many researchers, institutions of higher learning, pharmaceutical organisations, governments, Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) etc. than it did just a decade ago. Recently, the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) has recognised the applications of traditional knowledge (TK) and acknowledged local systems of innovation and intellectual property (Eyzaguirre, 2001). This is a good gesture as it provides a basis on which to protect local systems of innovation through granting them intellectual property rights, whenever such innovations are discovered. But what is the link between Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) and eco-tourism? As discussed in this paper, ecotourism - a fairly new concept emerged in the late 1980s to provide a firm basis for sustainable tourism principles. Indeed the emergence of ecotourism - which is arguably supposed to be sustainable was necessary given that conventional tourism popularly referred to as ‘mass tourism’ was becoming unsustainable and hence leading to high negative impacts/costs than earlier thought. As a result of this the world was begging for sustainable tourism development tourism that can last and benefit future generations the way it has benefited the currents ones. It should be noted here that sustainable tourism just like sustainable development...
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...UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI DEPARTMENT OF FOREST ECONOMICS Environmental Marketing Strategy and its Implementation in Forest Industries Jari Kärnä Academic Dissertation To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Helsinki for public defence in Auditorium XII of the University main building Aleksanterinkatu 5, on Friday 11th April 2003 at 12 o'clock. Environmental Marketing Strategy and its Implementation in Forest Industries Academic Dissertation Opponent: Professor Juha S. Niemelä Seinäjoki Institute for Rural Research and Training University of Helsinki juha.s.niemela@helsinki.fi Supervisor: Professor Heikki Juslin Department of Forest Economics University of Helsinki heikki.juslin@helsinki.fi Pre-examiners: Professor Hanna Pesonen School of Business and Economics University of Jyväskylä hpesonen@tase.jyu.fi Professor Harri Westermarck Department of Economics University of Helsinki harri.westermarck@helsinki.fi Author's address: Jari Kärnä Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Centre PO Box 18, FIN-01301 Vantaa jari.karna@metla.fi ISBN 952-10-0963-2 (paperback) ISBN 952-10-0964-0 (pdf) ISSN 1236-6226 http://ethesis.helsinki.fi Hakapaino, Helsinki 2003 2 Abstrakti Väitöskirja käsittelee ympäristöasioiden integrointia metsäteollisuusyritysten ja heidän teollisten asiakkaidensa markkinoinnin suunnitteluun. Tutkimus koostuu neljästä julkaistusta ja kahdesta julkaistavaksi...
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...In some cases, mangrove rehabilitated areas are subjects to land tenure problem (Amri 2008, Meilasari-Sugiana 2012). Therefore, mangrove conversion into aquaculture are still taking place, particularly in the privately owned rehabilitated areas (Walters 2004, Walton et al. 2006, Amri 2008). Additionally, the harvesting pressure and unsustainable fishing activities have become potential threat for the ecosystem. (Walters 2004). Even if the CBMM initiative came directly from the community, for some people reconverting the rehabilitated areas into aquaculture was the ultimate motive of their participation in the management (Walters 2004, Amri 2008, Meilasari-Sugiana 2012). The argument that CBMM is the most viable approach for mangrove management especially to achieve the desired economic objective of securing local livelihood thus needs to be...
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...ton1.1 Major Themes of Environmental Science The study of environmental problems and their solutions has never been more important. Modern society in 2009 is hooked on oil. Production has declined, while demand has grown, and the population of the world has been increasing by more than 70 million each year. The emerging energy crisis is producing an economic crisis, as the prices of everything produced from oil (fertilizer, food, and fuel) rise beyond what some people can afford to pay. Energy and economic problems come at a time of unprecedented environmental concerns, from the local to global level. At the beginning of the modern era—in A.D. 1—the number of people in the world was probably about 100 million, one-third of the present population of the United States. In 1960 the world contained 3 billion people. Our population has more than doubled in the last 40 years, to 6.8 billion people today. In the United States, population increase is often apparent when we travel. Urban traffic snarls, long lines to enter national parks, and difficulty getting tickets to popular attractions are all symptoms of a growing population. If recent human population growth rates continue, our numbers could reach 9.4 billion by 2050. The problem is that the Earth has not grown any larger, and the abundance of its resources has not increased—in many cases, quite the opposite. How, then, can Earth sustain all these people? And what is the maximum number of people that could live on Earth, not just...
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...which has been a serious threat to the survival of natural populations. Possible factors contributing to this decline include changes in food, loss of genetic variation, cover availability, evolution of predation, microclimatic effect, and lack of recolonization following extinctions. Habitat loss and fragmentation are processes that separate small populations, which have higher extinction rates that may lead to a reduction in biological diversity. Recent dramatic declines in forest management have brought some undesirable consequences for forest health and wildlife (Jack Ward, T. (n.d). Standing back and letting nature take its course has become increasingly prevalent. Unfortunately, while appealing as this sounds, this is not tenable in the long-term as it will not protect forests, retain biodiversity, and provide some wood products over time. We are increasingly depending on places beyond our borders to provide our wood places with far less resources and knowledge about how to manage forests responsibly. By importing wood products, we export not only environmental consequences but jobs and dollars ( Jack Ward, T. (n.d). Conservation biology needs to reach out to a much broader community of academics and practitioners in fields as diverse as anthropology, history, political geography, and environmental psychology (Bernstein, M., & Ladle, R. J. (2010). There has been little recognition in conservation biology of the benefits that could be derived from collaboration...
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...Planning and Development COURSE CODE DG 420 PROGRAMME Bachelor of Science Honours in Development Studies LECTURER Mrs. Chinyanganya ASSIGNMENT TITLE Rural development hinges on effective rural planning. Discuss. The development of rural areas requires a comprehensive and holistic approach which calls for a multi-sectoral effort and a wider pool of institutions. It incorporates socio economic, political and environmental processes which require effective rural planning. Rural planning is therefore an essential prerequisite for sustainable rural development. Rural planning is multidimensional as it includes comprehensive, spatial (physical planning), economic and financial (development planning), agricultural land use (land use planning) and natural resource management (water, environmental, national parks and forestry planning) (PlanAfric; 2000). However, effective rural planning faces a number of challenges which will be highlighted later in the text. Rural development is defined by AgriInfo (2011) as a process that aims at improving the standards of living of the people living in the rural areas. It is an integrated process which includes social economic, political and spiritual development of the poorest sections in society. Chambers (2005) defines rural development as a strategy to enable a specific group of people, poor rural women, men and children to have access to life’s basic...
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