...Course Schedule Course Modules Review and Practice Exam Preparation Resources Introduction to Personal & Corporate Taxation [TX1] Course description and purpose Personal & Corporate Taxation [TX1] is the first of two courses in taxation in the CGA program of professional studies. It is a level four course that focuses on topics that aim to ensure you achieve a good understanding of the general principles and concepts of the Canadian Income Tax Act (ITA), as encountered by most individuals and corporations help you develop professional skills in the application of ITA principles and concepts to solve tax problems of individuals and corporations introduce you to the basic principles of income tax planning and international taxation, and introduce you to tax preparation software to aid in tax planning and in the preparation of individual T1 income tax and benefit returns. TX1 is designed to assist you in developing professional competence and skills to determine a taxpayer’s taxation requirements, exposure, and liability evaluate tax implications of proposed and completed transactions ensure compliance with all taxation reporting and filing requirements, and analyze and advise on tax planning issues. The CGA Program of Professional Studies is designed to help you develop the competencies that are essential to a professional accountant. For information on the competencies developed and strengthened specifically in TX1 and how they relate to the course topics, see the TX1 examination...
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...Sustainable Tourism in Canada Content 1. Canadian Tourism Industry……………………………………………………..1 1.1 Canadian tourism industry introduction…………………………………...1 1.2 Canadian tourism industry structure……………………………………….1 2. Sustainable Tourism Strategy…………………………………………………...2 2.1 What is sustainable tourism policy? ..............................................................2 2.2 Reasons of the establishment of sustainable tourism policy……………….2 3. Stakeholders……………………………………………………………………...3 3.1 Federal, provincial and territorial tourism organizations………………...3 3.1.1 Non-market behaviors deployed by tourism organizations…………4 3.1.2 Market behaviors deployed by tourism organizations………………6 3.2 National Parks and Provincial Parks……………………………………….7 3.2.1 Non-market behaviors deployed by National and Provincial Parks..7 3.2.2 Market behaviors deployed by National and Provincial Parks……..8 3.3 Transportation sector (Air, Rail way, Automobile, Cruise, etc.)…………..9 3.3.1 Non-market behaviors deployed by the transportation sector…….10 3.3.2 Market behaviors deployed by the transportation sector………….11 3.4 Accommodation, food and beverage sectors………………………………12 3.4.1 Non-market behaviors deployed by accommodation, food and beverage sectors……………………………………………………..12 3.4.2 Market behaviors deployed by accommodation, food and beverage sectors………………………………………………………………...14 3.5 Travel agencies……………………………………………………………...
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...Services Tax (GST) in India: prospect for states by Mohd. Azam Khan1 and Nagma Shadab2 Department of Economics, Aligarh Muslim University, India Abstract: Goods and services tax (GST) is a broad based and a single comprehensive tax levied at every stage of the production and distribution chain with applicable set-off in respect of the tax remitted at previous stages. It is basically a tax on final consumption integrates the union excise duties, custom duties, services tax and state VAT. Presently around 140 countries have adopted the GST pattern, including India. The GST would be beneficial for the consumers as it reduces the final burden of taxation. For Government it leads the reduction of tax compliance efforts and administrative costs and for business units it leads transparency, complete set-off and removal of cascading effect of taxation. It is in this background that the present paper tries to explain the significance of GST in India and its prospects for states to generate revenue and ensure transparency in tax structure. This paper is organized into seven sections. Section two presents justification for dual structure of GST in India. The third part presents the rate structure under GST work in India. The fourth segment is concerned with the working of GST in India. The fifth part shows the international experiences of GST at state level in India. The seventh and final part is related to conclusion and policy recommendations. Keywords: Goods and service tax, budgetary revenues...
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...Taxation is said to be one of the key governance tools of any state including the upholding of Zambians sovereignty. INTRODUCTION The most fundamental function of taxation is raising revenue to pay for governmental expenses and programs. "Taxes are necessary to raise revenue for public goods and infrastructure, as well as to provide other sorts of public services conducive to general welfare and economic growth." Tax revenues pay for the necessary goods – like national defense or a legal system – that an unregulated market cannot provide by itself. More often overlooked is the role of taxation as a catalyst for the development of responsive and accountable government, and for the expansion of state capacity. Taxes, however, do more than simply raise revenue: "Any tax that produces revenue will in some way alter the social and economic order." Taxes that only raise revenue without effecting other changes do not exist in the real world. The concept of fiscal policy captures that link between revenue collection and government spending. More specifically, taxes can be used to increase or decrease inflation and purchasing power, stimulate investment, and prevent harmful concentrations of wealth. Taxation is an underrated tool in the effort to build more capable and responsive states. The role of taxation as a central force in the development of democracy resonates strongly in Anglo-American history. The duty of paying for government legitimizes demands for services...
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...PA1 EXAMINATION BLUEPRINT 2014/2015 Effective Date: December 2014 This document is the property of: CGA-Canada 100-4200 North Fraser Way Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5J 5K7 Phone: 604 669-3555 Fax: 604 689-5845 www.cga.org/canada Updated: January 21, 2014 CGA-Canada PA1 Examination Blueprint 2014/2015 Table of Contents About the Examination Blueprint ......................................................................................................................... 2 PA1 Examination ................................................................................................................................................... 2 PA1 Course ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Prerequisite Courses for the PA1 Examination .................................................................................................. 3 Competency Weightings ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Structure of the Examination ................................................................................................................................ 5 Examination Competency Coverage ..................................................................................................................... 6 Scoring Model and Evaluation of Candidate...
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...conflict). High expectations of accountability in the formal legalities. The government must retain the confidence of the house (budget proposals) -legislative process: see above -party discipline: is linked to the idea of confidence, it operates through out the system. The general expectation is that members will vote along party lines. Pros: Accountability meaning that you know who is power and responsible for certain parts of the government, higher level of efficiency, fiscal and budgetary concerns, Cons: Can not always vote according to beliefs and values, inefficiency Federalism: Important driver of politics within Canada. To what extent are the types of different conflicts between the different levels of conflicts. Another reason why federalism exists is due in large part to the question of Quebec and the allocation of powers between french canada and the rest of the country. The Canadian State: Sovereignty 1867: Constitution Act, 1867 (BNA) 1926: The King-Byng Thing 1926: Nadan v. The King: criminal cases could be heard by the JCPC still The Balfour Declaration 1931: The statue of Westminster (formalize the separation of British and Canadian Government) 1949 Abolition of appeals to JCPC 1982: Constitution Act, 1982: Passed by the British Government (formally ammeter any requirement for the Canadian government to have to go to the British government for any...
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...of raising revenue for Government spending. Taxpayers may be expected to minimize their tax liabilities by arranging their affairs in a manner that is termed tax efficient i.e. through tax mitigation. GAAR: Tax avoidance is the legal usage of the tax regime to one's own advantage, to reduce the amount of tax that is payable by means that are within the law. Its original use was by tax advisers as an alternative to the pejorative term tax avoidance. Most countries impose taxes on income earned or gains realized within that country regardless of the country of residence of the person or firm. Most countries have entered into bilateral double taxation treaties with many other countries to avoid taxing nonresidents twice—once where the income is earned and again in the country of residence, however there are relatively few double-taxation treaties with countries regarded as tax havens. INCOME TAX: The government of India imposes an income tax on taxable income of all persons including individuals, Hindu Undivided Families (HUFs), companies, firms, association of persons, body of individuals, local authority and any other artificial judicial person. Levy of tax is separate on each of the persons. The levy is governed by the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961. The Indian Income Tax Department is governed by CBDT and is part of the Department of Revenue under the Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India. Income tax is a key source of funds that the government uses to fund its activities and...
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...Ch.2 * What is an economic system? Business organizations exist in an economic system or environment that provides employment for workers, pays taxes to as many as three levels of government (in Canada), and supports many charities. The system in which sellers and buyers can exchange goods and services is called a market. The local farmers market is a market. Farmers bring their fruits and vegetables to a single location to attract customers to that location. A stock exchange, like the Toronto Stock Exchange, is another example of a market. This is a market in which people can buy or sell shares. This chapter will review how the different countries of the world are divided between those that follow the concepts of command economies - socialism and communism - and those that have adopted a market economic system - capitalism and a mixed economy. The pursuit of social, economic, and political goals; the treatment, use, and motivations of the workforce; and market dynamics are different under each of the two approaches. Many countries have changed their economic systems. The strength of an economic system, or the economy overall, has a major impact on business. Canada enjoys a mixed economy. As such, economic concepts such Gross Domestic Product (GDP), productivity, unemployment rates, inflation, Consumer Price Index (CPI), and the overall business cycle, need to be carefully and continuously monitored, understood, and analyzed. Learning Goals Key Concept/Learning Goal...
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...of: CGA-Canada 100-4200 North Fraser Way Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5J 5K7 Phone: 604 669-3555 Fax: 604 689-5845 www.cga.org/canada Updated: April 18, 2011 CGA-Canada PA2 Examination Blueprint 2011/2012 Table of Contents About the Examination Blueprint ......................................................................................................................... 2 PA2 Examination ................................................................................................................................................... 2 PA2 Course ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Prerequisite Courses for the PA2 Examination .................................................................................................. 3 Competency Weightings ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Structure of the Examination ................................................................................................................................ 5 Examination Competency Coverage ..................................................................................................................... 6 Scoring Model and Evaluation of Candidate Performance ................................................................................... 6 ©CGA-Canada, 2011 ...
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...as to why free trade is free between states and why free trade is not necessarily free for countries. The following will explain. Free trade has given Americans a benefit in the United States. The NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) has given Americans the ability to trade freely with Canada and Mexico. It is only beneficial that there be free trade between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. All three feed off of each other and will only benefit from each other’s resources and abilities. For example, USDA.gov explains, “In 2007, Canada and Mexico were, respectively, the first and second largest export markets for U.S. agricultural products” (usda.gov). Exports to the two markets combined were greater than exports to the next six largest markets combined. This only allows for trade to increase between the two countries. Canada is benefitting the same exact way. With trading with the United State, Canada is benefitting from the agriculture that they are lacking in the North. With the three countries so closely tied together, this is how and why free trade is evident in the States. There is a reason why it is not like that with other countries. Canada, United States, and Mexico are separated in different regions which allow each country to be beneficial in their own ways. When trading with other countries from Europe or Asia, competition is evident. Each country will trade with other countries based on their own countries relationship...
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...Syllabus Certified General Accountants Association of Canada 100 – 4200 North Fraser Way Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5J 5K7 www.cga-canada.org © CGA-Canada, 2013 All rights reserved. These materials or parts thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner without the prior written permission of the Certified General Accountants Association of Canada. Printed in Canada ISBN for an individual volume: 978-1-55219-599-4 About CGA-CANADA _________________________________________ CGA-Canada today The CGA designation focuses on integrity, ethics, and the highest education requirements. Recognized as the country’s accounting business leaders, CGAs provide strategic counsel, financial leadership, and overall direction to all sectors of the Canadian economy. The Certified General Accountants Association of Canada — CGA-Canada — sets standards, develops education programs, publishes professional materials, advocates on public policy issues, and represents CGAs nationally and internationally. The Association represents 75,000 CGAs and students in Canada, Bermuda, the Caribbean, Hong Kong, and China. Mission CGA-Canada advances the interests of its members and the public through national and international representation and the establishment of professional standards, practices, and services. A proud history CGA-Canada was founded in Montréal in 1908 under the leadership of John Leslie, vicepresident of the Canadian Pacific Railway. From the beginning, its objective...
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...Assignment on ACT-201 Role of “ICAB” and “ICMAB” in Accounting Development of Bangladesh Submitted for: Netai Kumar Saha Lecturer Dept. of B.B.A East West University Submitted by: Md. Saim Ur Rahman Id: 2013-1-10-130 ACT-201 Sec-04 Submission Date: 29th March, 2015 Plot No-A/2, Main Road, JahuruIslam City Aftabnagar, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh. ICAB The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh (ICAB) is the national professional accountancy body in Bangladesh. It is the sole organization in Bangladesh with the right to award the Chartered Accountant designation. It has around 1,400 members. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh (ICAB) is the National Professional Accounting Body of Bangladesh established under the Bangladesh Chartered Accountants Order 1973 (Presidential Order No. 2 of 1973). Top of Form Bottom of Form Establishment: The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh (ICAB) is the National Professional Accounting Body of Bangladesh established under the Bangladesh Chartered Accountants Order 1973 (Presidential Order No. 2 of 1973). ICAB's Administrative Ministry: The Ministry of Commerce, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is the administrative Ministry of ICAB. ICAB's Vision: To meet the ever-changing global economic demands dominated by WTO regime, the ICAB is fast becoming a body of professionals whose expert services will be highly sought after- - To anticipate, meet and exceed the rising...
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...DELSA/ELSA/WD/HEA(2004)6 Private Health Insurance in OECD Countries: The Benefits and Costs for Individuals and Health Systems Francesca Colombo and Nicole Tapay 15 OECD HEALTH WORKING PAPERS Unclassified Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development DELSA/ELSA/WD/HEA(2004)6 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________ English text only DIRECTORATE FOR EMPLOYMENT, LABOUR AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS EMPLOYMENT, LABOUR AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS COMMITTEE DELSA/ELSA/WD/HEA(2004)6 Unclassified OECD HEALTH WORKING PAPERS NO. 15 PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE IN OECD COUNTRIES: THE BENEFITS AND COSTS FOR INDIVIDUALS AND HEALTH SYSTEMS Francesca Colombo and Nicole Tapay Francesca Colombo is with the OECD Health Policy Unit. At the time this work was conducted, Nicole Tapay was with the OECD Financial Markets Division. English text only Document complet disponible sur OLIS dans son format d’origine Complete document available on OLIS in its original format DELSA/ELSA/WD/HEA(2004)6 DIRECTORATE FOR EMPLOYMENT, LABOUR AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS OECD HEALTH WORKING PAPERS This series is designed to make available to a wider readership health studies prepared for use within the OECD. Authorship is usually collective, but principal writers are named. The papers are generally available only in their original language – English or French – with a summary...
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...such as the unemployment rate, gross domestic product, and inflation. ANS: F DIF: LL2 REF: Page 15 OBJ: 1 7. Macroeconomic conditions impact day-to-day life by influencing variables such as the availability of jobs, the amount of take-home pay households have available after paying taxes, and the buying power of those incomes. ANS: T DIF: LL2 REF: Page 15 OBJ: 1 8. Luke is taking an economics class that focuses on decisions made by individual business firms and consumers. Luke’s class is concerned with microeconomic issues. ANS: T DIF: LL2 REF: Page 15 OBJ: 1 9.. Capitalism is based on private ownership, economic freedom, and fair competition. ANS: T DIF: LL2 REF: Page 16 OBJ: 2 10. Capitalism places paramount importance on the need for the government to intervene in the economy to ensure a fair and equitable distribution of income. ANS: F DIF: LL2 REF: Page 16 OBJ: 2 11. Market equilibrium is the point at which the supply curve intersects the demand curve. ANS: T DIF: LL2 REF: Page 20 OBJ: 2 12. Federal law has made all types of...
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...such as the unemployment rate, gross domestic product, and inflation. ANS: F DIF: LL2 REF: Page 15 OBJ: 1 7. Macroeconomic conditions impact day-to-day life by influencing variables such as the availability of jobs, the amount of take-home pay households have available after paying taxes, and the buying power of those incomes. ANS: T DIF: LL2 REF: Page 15 OBJ: 1 8. Luke is taking an economics class that focuses on decisions made by individual business firms and consumers. Luke’s class is concerned with microeconomic issues. ANS: T DIF: LL2 REF: Page 15 OBJ: 1 9.. Capitalism is based on private ownership, economic freedom, and fair competition. ANS: T DIF: LL2 REF: Page 16 OBJ: 2 10. Capitalism places paramount importance on the need for the government to intervene in the economy to ensure a fair and equitable distribution of income. ANS: F DIF: LL2 REF: Page 16 OBJ: 2 11. Market equilibrium is the point at which the supply curve intersects the demand curve. ANS: T DIF: LL2 REF: Page 20 OBJ: 2 12. Federal law has made all types of...
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