...to represent properties of material systems other than numbers. A similar definition was given by Stevens who states measurement as the assignment of numerals to objects or events according to rules. Whatever the definitions given by all the researchers, they all bring about to the same meaning and understanding. Based on my understanding, measurement is the process of observing, recording and calculating the observations that are collected as part of a research effort which is usually represented by units. These units possess values and are often numerical. Importance Everyone uses measurement without even noticing it sometimes. In studying measurement theory, I realised that measurement involve in many of our daily activities without us even noticing it sometimes. Some examples include measuring our heights and weights, measuring the nearest and shortest distance to get to class, measuring the time taken to complete an assignment and many more. Therefore, it can be said that measurement theory is definitely important and useful for everyone. Understanding the importance of measurement theory is crucial to address issues in business, accounting, social and economics. Importance of measurement in Accounting Why is measurement theory important? Well, it is important for three simple reasons. It is important to make decisions, assess performance and positions and make comparisons. Let’s look at accounting perspective first. In accounting, almost everything is being measured...
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...Scheme and Syllabus of Masters in Business Administration (MBA) Batch 2012 onwards By Board of Studies Business Administration Punjab Technical University Scheme of (MBA) Batch 2012 Onwards First Semester Course Code Course Title Load Allocation L T P 4 1 4 4 4 4 3 3 28 1 1 1 1 2 2 7 - Contact Hours: 36Hrs. Marks Distribution Internal 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 280 External 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 50 470 Total Marks 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 750 Total Marks 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 750 Total Marks 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 750 Credits MBA 101 MBA 102 MBA 103 MBA 104 MBA 105 MBA 106 * MBA 107 * MBA 108 Principles and Practices of Management Organizational Behaviour Accounting for Management Quantitative Techniques Managerial Economics Business Communication Information Technology for Management Viva Voce Total Course Title 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 37 Credits Second Semester Course Code Contact Hours: 34 Hrs Load Marks Distribution Allocation L T P Internal External 4 1 40 60 4 1 40 60 4 4 4 4 3 27 1 1 1 1 6 40 40 40 40 40 280 60 60 60 60 60 50 470 MBA 201 MBA 202 MBA 203 MBA 204 MBA 205 MBA 206 BTHU 101* MBA 207 Business Environment Production and Operation Management Human Resource Management Marketing Management Financial Management Research Methodology Human Values and Professional Ethics Viva Voce Total Course Title 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 2 35 Credits Third Semester Course Code Load Allocation L T P 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 3 27 1 1 1 1 1 6 Marks Distribution Internal 40 40 40 40 40 40...
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...The Social Sciences Anthropology, economics, geography, history, political science, psychology, and sociology are all sub-disciplines within liberal arts. Each of these disciplines contributes to our understanding of the physical and intellectual world. Anthropology contributes to our understanding of human behavior and biology. Economics helps us to make rational decisions about resources while geography explains the earth and its natural phenomenon. History is important because aids in our understanding of the world, and how it has transformed. Studying political science helps us to understand who gets what, when, and how. Psychology is important because it explains the mind and brain and their relationship to our lives. And, the study of sociology increases our understanding of how to develop good societies. Although each of these disciplines are important, based on opinion, they can be ranked in importance. I would rank them in order by political science, history, psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, and geography. In my opinion, political science, or the study of politics, is the most important social science because all other sciences involve a political process. The political process or politics is simply who gets what, when, and how. Political science is particularly interested in the study of governments’ power and authority, citizens, justice, wealth and resources, and relationships with other governments. It is easy to see how each of the other social...
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...Definition of 'Macroeconomics' The term Macro has been taken from the Latin word Macros which means big. The field of economics that studies the behavior of the aggregate economy. Macroeconomics examines economy-wide phenomena such as changes in unemployment, national income, rate of growth, gross domestic product, inflation and price levels. Macroeconomics Concerns | Production | Prices | Income | Employment | NationalProduction/OutputTotal Industrial OutputGross Domestic ProductGrowth of Output | Aggregate Price LevelConsumer pricesProducer PricesRate of Inflation | National IncomeTotal wages and salariesTotal corporate profits | Employment andUnemployment in theEconomyTotal number of jobsUnemployment rate | Therefore, as is clear from the above, the following issues/subjects define the scope of Macro Economics: 1. Aggregates of national income and its determination 2. Theories of Income and Employment. 3. Theory of Money and Banking. 4. Fiscal Theory. 5. Balance of Payment. Scope and Importance of Macro Economics Macro Economics is of much theoretical and practical importance. Let us see what are the importance and the scope where macro economics are being used. 1. To Understand the working of the Economy The study of macro economics variables is requisite for considerate the operation of the financial system. Our main economic complexities are associated with the performance of total income, irredundant and the normal price scale in the fiscal...
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... o To become globalized. It aims towards value creation to all shareholders at the same time even being centered towards society. (Amason, A. 2010) Executive Summary: Strategic Management involves formulation and implementation of strategies to improve the performance and to gain competitive advantage. It involves decisions and acts that managers undertake in order to attain the desired goals. Strategies are planned means to attain end results. Strategic management is long term in nature and gives a direction to the organization. Before going into the usage of Strategic Tools, the paper details strategic management, need for it, approaches for strategy and the strategies involved at various levels. Then a brief of importance of stakeholder analysis in planning is given. My paper would comprise environmental analysis that is required by Wall-Mart in strategic planning to improve its market in escalating competition....
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...Microeconomics has a role in society as well as in the economy of a region. This field of study allows economists to determine not only the patterns of consumers, businesses, and other organizations that are spending money but also the factors that are affecting spending habits and production decisions. Microeconomics involves studying the concepts and ideas that establish supply and demand in a particular market and the way that consumers and businesses alike prioritize their spending. Essentially, the role of microeconomics is to determine how, when combined, small economic components are affecting the broader economy. Instead of looking at market indicators that represent a wide field of data, however, this type of study considers how individuals, households, or specific markets are responding to markets. Although this economic approach does not necessarily reveal or determine economic conditions, the process offers insight into the way that consumers and businesses alike decide the value of a particular product or service. This is expressed in the amount of resources that either the consumer or business dedicates to an item. Rather than tallying the way that consumers as a whole are responding to a particular product, for instance, microeconomics begins with the study of the extent of demand stemming from one single consumer. Once this demand has been determined, this study continues and expands to include a greater number of individuals in the assessment. Economists also...
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...International Marketing 1 The Scope and Challenge of International Marketing Objectives What you should learn from Module 1 What is meant by international marketing. To understand the scope of the international marketing task To comprehend the importance of the self-reference criterion (SRC) in international marketing. To be able to identify and manage the factors influencing internationalisation of companies. To evaluate the progression of becoming an international marketer. To see how international marketing concepts influence international marketers. To appreciate the increasing importance of global awareness. 1.1 The Internationalisation of Business 1.2 International Marketing Defined 1.3 The International Marketing Task 1.4 Environmental Adjustment Needed 1.5 Self-reference Criterion: An Obstacle 1.6 Becoming International 1.7 International Marketing Orientations 1.8 Globalisation of Markets 1.9 Developing a Global Awareness 1.10 Orientation of International Marketing Summary The first section of International Marketing offers an overview of international marketing and a discussion of the global business, political and legal environments confronting the marketer. International Marketing is defined as Performance of Business activities beyond national borders. The task of international marketer is explained. Key obstacles to international marketing are not just foreign environments but also our won self reverence criteria (SRC) and ethnocentrism. This...
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...countries. The conversion applications used will be online exchange rate, and local business newspapers. In addition to learning about the exchange rates students will learn the value of the U.S. dollars value compared to other countries. Students will have the opportunity to select 3 countries and compare the dollar value for specific tangible items selected by the students to get a full understanding of the country’s dollar value as compared to the U.S. Money: Bucks, Banks and Business The learners from grades nine through twelve will learn the value of money for goods and services. The lesson will vary for each grade level based on the products that will be chosen when comparing the dollar values. Learners will get a first hand look and understanding of the differences of money when compared to other countries. Allowing students to choose 3 items of their choice will bring about a more in depth interest on the topic. How Does Money Affect Purchase Power The learner from grade 9 through 12 will respond to the information differently based on knowledge around the topic and understanding of money and how the value changes based on the country. The students will use their cognitive skills based on prior knowledge, a full comprehension and critical thinking based on the subject. Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy one of the six levels is that of knowledge. Prior knowledge on the topic will allow the learner to understand the outcome of the topic. (http://tep.uoregon.edu/resources/assessment/multiplechoicequestions/blooms...
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...vicious debt” (Schwenninger, 2007, p.63). Based upon Schwenninger’s (2007) statement it is needed now more than ever for governments to find new and improved economic strategies to take us out of this world economic recession. One of these economic strategies is capital budgeting and more specifically the differentiation between public spending for consumption and public spending for investment. Subsequently, this literature review will serve to provide clarity and a deeper understanding of the definition and importance of capital budgeting as well the stages involved and financing of a capital budget. The literature available in the area will be analyzed and compared with particular focus on public spending for consumption and public spending for investment. According to Schwenninger (2007), “a strong and productive economy is the key to meeting our future fiscal challenges, from providing unmet entitlements to reversing our current account deficit. We need, therefore, to establish budgetary priorities that will make our economy more productive in the future” (p.61). By making capital budgeting – which involves putting large amounts of funds to use for very long projects which will allow governments to receive larger earnings over time – governments’ number one priority, , nations may begin to see some level of economic growth (Peterson, Fabozzi, 2002, p.5). Clark, Hindelang and Pritchard (1984) defined capital budgeting as “the decision area in financial management that establishes...
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...[pic] FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Fall 2014 |COURSE CODE AND TITLE |: |MGMT 101 – Introduction to Business I | | | | | |COURSE LEVEL |: |First Semester/First Year | | | | | |COURSE TYPE |: |Area Core | |LECTURERS | | | |Group: 1 | |Turhan Kaymak Office: BE 322 (Business, 3rd floor) | | | |Tel: 630 2745 e-mail: turhan.kaymak@emu.edu.tr | | | | | |Groups: 4, 5 | |Semi Bora Office BE 315 ...
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...team worked diligently to provide Team B with many creative ideas to help with the marketing success of Augusta’s 19th Hole. Augusta’s 19th is currently in the phase 3 of the marketing plan. Phase three is deals with the environmental factors that affect Augusta’s 19th Hole. The environment as a whole has a great effect on the establishment. Whether it is having clean air or clean landscaping, the environment indeed has a great effect on Augusta’s 19th Hole. This paper will analyze the influence of global economic interdependence and the effect on trade practices and agreements, examine the importance of demographics and physical infrastructure, and analyze the importance of cultural differences. Analyze the influence of Global Economic Interdependence and the Effect of Trade Practices and Agreements According to C.P. Chandrasekhar "Economic Interdependence And Instability In The Global Economy" (2005), “There is little disagreement among economists that economic integration and enhanced Interdependence have been the inevitable consequences of trade and financial liberalization since the late 1970s” One would think that the Augusta’s 19th Hole would not have an interest in the global market. Augusta’s 19th Hole primary interest is to garner the attention of the larger overseas corporations so that they may want to hold seminars or conference in Augusta, GA. Team B has business contacts overseas that are willing to hold seminars and conventions at the Augusta’s 19th...
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...diabetes. Source Diabetes UK • What additional information would be needed? To ascertain what information would make the data statement more meaningful, it is initially important to consider what demographic details are needed. Demography is ‘the study of the statistics about a population, such as birth, death and age profile’ (Ewles and Simnett, 2003, p 334). The figure of ‘260,000 people’ omits details of the population; it would be prudent to discover the age range, ethnicity, occupation and sex, of this group. Analysing the demographic and socio-economic data whilst examining links between deprivation and rates of type 2 diabetes, would inform us of areas where health promoters could more appropriately target needs lead interventions. As The Black report highlighted in 1980 and confirmed by Ewles and Simnett, ‘major determinants of health were concerned with social class, occupation, economic conditions, geographical location and gender’ (Ewles and Simnett, 2003, p12). It could...
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...South Carolina Social Studies Academic Standards Mick Zais, Ph.D. State Superintendent of Education South Carolina Department of Education Columbia, South Carolina State Board Approved Document – August 18, 2011 Contents Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................... iii Introduction .....................................................................................................................................1 Social Studies Standards Page Format .............................................................................................5 Grade-Level Standards for Social Studies Grades K–3 Kindergarten. Foundations of Social Studies: Children as Citizens ...............................................7 Grade 1. Foundations of Social Studies: Families........................................................................12 Grade 2. Foundations of Social Studies: Communities ................................................................17 Grade 3. South Carolina Studies ..................................................................................................22 Grades 4–5 Grade 4. United States Studies to 1865 ........................................................................................29 Grade 5. United States Studies: 1865 to the Present ....................................................................36 Grades 6–8 Grade 6. Early Cultures to 1600...
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...Concepts of inequality and structural violence is advanced by Farmer in his work, Infections and Inequalities: The Modern Plagues. The novel shines light on the specific inequalities of women (Farmer 2011 [1996], 2001 [1999]), as well as those with various views and understanding of the disease on an individual and international aid sponsor country scale (Farmer 2006a [1992], 2006b [1994], 2011 [1996], 2001 [1999]). Farmer connects biomedicine and anthropology throughout the book addressing challenges involving the perceived causes of TB in Haiti. Identifying it as rationalized suffering (Farmer 2001 [1999]). Stating that “the anthropologist within me is perfectly satisfied to analyze such explanations, but to a physician it is nothing less...
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...Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2010 GCE GCE Government & Politics (6GP03) Paper 3B Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750 Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH Edexcel is one of the leading examining and awarding bodies in the UK and throughout the world. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. Through a network of UK and overseas offices, Edexcel’s centres receive the support they need to help them deliver their education and training programmes to learners. For further information, please call our GCE line on 0844 576 0025, our GCSE team on 0844 576 0027, or visit our website at www.edexcel.com. If you have any subject specific questions about the content of this Mark Scheme that require the help of a subject specialist, you may find our Ask The Expert email service helpful. Ask The Expert can be accessed online at the following link: http://www.edexcel.com/Aboutus/contact-us/ Summer 2010 Publications Code UA024034 All the material in this publication is copyright © Edexcel Ltd 2010 2 6GP03_3B 1006 General Marking Guidance • All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last. Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions. Examiners should mark according...
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