...CHAPTER 11 - LEADERSHIP and TRUST LEARNING OUTCOMES After reading this chapter students should be able to: 1. Define leader and leadership. 2. Compare and contrast early leadership theories. 3. Describe the four major contingency leadership theories. 4. Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today’s leaders. 5. Discuss trust as the essence of leadership. |Opening Vignette—Employees First | |SUMMARY | |HCL Technologies, the “employee first” philosophy has helped catapult the company from peripheral player to center stage in the intensely | |competitive IT industry. HCL Technologies is headquartered in Noida, India. CEO Vineet Nayar is committed to creating a company where the job | |of company leaders is to enable people to find their own destiny by gravitating to their strengths. His goals for the “Employee First” program| |include creating a unique employee experience, inverting the organizational structure, and increasing transparency. The workplace reforms the | |company implemented involved better communication with the CEO and a pay scheme that gives workers more job security. A major part of the | |workplace company referred to as “trust pay.” Unlike the standard IT industry...
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...Chapter 18 Managers as Leaders Leaders in organizations make things happen. But what makes leaders different from nonleaders? What’s the most appropriate style of leadership? What can you do to be seen as a leader? Those are just a few of the questions we’ll try to answer in this chapter. Focus on the following learning outcomes as you read and study this chapter. LEARNING OUTCOMES 18.1 Define leader and leadership. 18.2 Compare and contrast early theories of leadership. 18.3 Describe the three major contingency theories of leadership. 18.4 Describe contemporary views of leadership. 18.5 Discuss contemporary issues affecting leadership. SPOTLIGHT: Manager at Work What is the difference between being a manager and being a leader? Are these terms synonymous? Management guru Peter F. Drucker once said, “Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things.” You might begin the study of Chapter 18 by asking your students for their perspectives on these questions and the quotation from Dr. Drucker. This chapter’s Spotlight: Manager at Work, looks at the legacy of Steve Jobs. In many ways, Jobs epitomizes the leader of a high tech company. How he was extremely charismatic and extremely compelling in getting people to join with him and believe in his vision. But also how he was despotic, tyrannical, abrasive, uncompromising, and a perfectionist. Jobs broke the rules of management and remade them to fit his vision. Students...
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...culture and leadership closely, we see that they are two sides of the same coin; neither can really be understood by itself. On the one hand, cultural norms define how a given nation or organizations will define leadership – who will be promoted, who will get the attention of followers. On the other hand, it can be argued that the only thing of real importance that leaders do is to create and manage culture; that the unique talent of leadership is their ability to understand and work with culture; and that it is an ultimate act of leadership to destroy culture when it is viewed as dysfunctional”. Executive Summary Many researchers have tried to explore the relationship between leadership style and organizational culture but they have not been able examine these two factors together. Hence they could not establish any relationship between the two factors. This case study tries to explore these two factors together to identify the cause and effect relation between the two variables. This case study would be trying to develop theoretical patterns from a critical literature review. Firms are focusing more on improving the organizational culture and motivational level of employees but improving the leadership that influences greatly affect both these elements. It is believed that internally satisfaction among the employees leads to better utilization of resources by the firm. This internal satisfaction in employees can only be achieved under motivating leadership of the company...
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...What is Leadership? Leadership is a process by which an executive can direct, guide and influence the behaviour and work of others towards accomplishment of specific goals in a given situation. Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce the subordinates to work with confidence and zeal. Leadership is the potential to influence behaviour of others. It is also defined as the capacity to influence a group towards the realization of a goal. Leaders are required to develop future visions, and to motivate the organizational members to want to achieve the visions. According to Keith Davis, “Leadership is the ability to persuade others to seek defined objectives enthusiastically. It is the human factor which binds a group together and motivates it towards goals.” Characteristics of Leadership 1. It is a inter-personal process in which a manager is into influencing and guiding workers towards attainment of goals. 2. It denotes a few qualities to be present in a person which includes intelligence, maturity and personality. 3. It is a group process. It involves two or more people interacting with each other. 4. A leader is involved in shaping and moulding the behaviour of the group towards accomplishment of organizational goals. 5. Leadership is situation bound. There is no best style of leadership. It all depends upon tackling with the situations Importance of Leadership Leadership is an important function of management which helps to maximize efficiency...
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...TRANSFORMATIONAL AND CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP THEORIES Gary Yukl* State University of New York at Albany Theories of transformational and charismatic leadership provide important insights about the nature of effective leadership. However, most of the theories have conceptual weaknesses that reduce their capacity to explain effective leadership. The conceptual weaknesses are identified here and refinements are suggested. The issue of compatibility between transformational and charismatic leadership is also discussed. Finally, some methodological problems involving construct validation and theory testing are identified, and suggestions for future research are provided. INTRODUCTION In the 1970s, behavioral theories of leadership effectiveness were dominant. Examples include path-goal theory (House & Mitchell, 1974), LMX theory (Graen & Cashman, 1975), and normative decision theory (Vroom & Yetton, 1973). Since the late 1980s, theories of transformational and charismatic leadership have been ascendant. Versions of transformational leadership have been proposed by several theorists, including Bass (1985, 1996); Bennis and Nanus (1985), Burns (1978), Sashkin (1988), and Tichy and Devanna (1986, 1990). Building on the ideas of Weber (1947), refined versions of charismatic leadership have been proposed by several theorists, including Conger (1989), Conger and Kanungo (1987, 1998), House (1977), and Shamir, House, and Arthur (1993). Unlike the “traditional” leadership theories, which emphasized...
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...Criteria for Performance Excellence The foundation for the SMART Self-Assessment [pic] The Criteria for Performance Excellence Table of Contents: A Critical Look at the Criteria 3 Core Values and Concepts 4 The Criteria Framework 10 The Criteria 11 A Critical Look at the Criteria Businesses are facing increasing marketplace challenges everyday. Businesses can assess their readiness to respond to those challenges by assessing themselves against these Criteria. Companies that embrace the Criteria for Performance Excellence and incorporate them into their business practices can expect to achieve more than their competitors. (See NIST study.) Why should businesses use these Criteria? The Criteria provide an assessment framework for performance excellence. It will help measure performance on a wide range of key business performance indicators: customer, product and service, operational, and financial. All key stakeholders processes and results are examined: customers, employees, owners and public. Assessment against the Criteria allows the company to identify company strengths and target key opportunities for improvement. Company communication and performance will improve, with resources aligned to achieve common goals. Why should companies conduct a Management Self-Assessment The Self-Assessment is just one application of the Criteria...
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...Emotionel Intelligence and leadership Project Presented to Dr. Fadi Hachem Course Instructor American University of Science and Technology In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the course MGT 535: “Organizational Behavior” Aya Hamade Table of contents Pages Overview 1 Literature review 1 Definition 2 Emotional Intelligence, IQ, and Personality Are Different 2 Emotionel Intelligence and Leadership 2 Developing leadership skills 3 Emotional intelligence and its impact on leadership skills 3 Creating emotionally intelligent teams 6 Emotional Intelligence Is Linked to Performance 6 References 8 Overview Emotional Intelligence Is the Other Kind of Smart. When emotional intelligence first appeared to the masses in 1995...
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...Submitted By: Workplace Spirituality Group Project Report submitted to Prof. R. Ravi Kumar in partial fulfillments of the requirements of the course “Managing People and Performance in Organizations” Group No. 8 (Section B) ASHISH PRAKASH PAWAR HILLAL W MOMIN KALPESH SHRIKRISHNA WANI MANGESH KUMAR SHARMA NEHA TIRKEY RAHUL RANJAN SENTHIL D VISHWAS SHARMA 1411084 1411092 1411099 1411102 1411107 1411120 1411126 1411137 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction …..…………………………………………………………………….... Origins and Growth of Workplace Spirituality.………………………….... 2. Components of Workplace Spirituality ……..……………………... The “Vertical” Component …..…………………………………….………….. The “Horizontal” Component …..…………………………………………….. 3. Misconceptions ……………………………………….……….………….………... 4. Spirituality and Modern Organizations ……….………….………... Reasons for emphasis on Spirituality …..…………………….…………..... Characteristics of Spiritual Organizations .…………………………....….. Correlation with Managerial Effectiveness and its Implications ……… 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 4 5 7 5. Inducing Workplace Spirituality in an Organization ……..... 7 6. Criticisms of Workplace Spirituality ……….…….………….………... 9 7. Current status in Corporate World ……………….………….………... 10 8. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………….. 11 1. Introduction Workplace spirituality by definition is the “recognition that employees have an inner ...
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...EFFECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ACROSS CULTURES: THE ROLE OF CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE Dr. Alexi Matveev College of Staten Island New York, NY, USA Dr. Elena Lvina Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada Abstract New theoretical frameworks are needed to better understand effective transformational leadership in different cultural contexts. In this article we illustrate the relationship between transformational leadership and the cross-cultural communication competence frame. We show how national culture orientations and cross-cultural communication competence affect the full range leadership framework and transformational leadership dimensions. Attributes of effective leadership and the choice of communication strategies vary for different cultural contexts; however, the charismatic or value-based leadership dimension contributes the most to universally perceived effective leadership styles. We draw attention to the importance of transformational leadership research utilizing the cross-cultural communication competence construct. Introduction Transformational leaders rely heavily on their rhetorical skills in order to articulate a vision and create meaning for their followers. While the leader's message is important, the process by which it is communicated appears to be just as significant. The communication style is a critical distinguishing factor in whether the leader’s message will be remembered and endorsed. Flauto...
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...EFFECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ACROSS CULTURES: THE ROLE OF CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE Dr. Alexi Matveev College of Staten Island New York, NY, USA Dr. Elena Lvina Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada Abstract New theoretical frameworks are needed to better understand effective transformational leadership in different cultural contexts. In this article we illustrate the relationship between transformational leadership and the cross-cultural communication competence frame. We show how national culture orientations and cross-cultural communication competence affect the full range leadership framework and transformational leadership dimensions. Attributes of effective leadership and the choice of communication strategies vary for different cultural contexts; however, the charismatic or value-based leadership dimension contributes the most to universally perceived effective leadership styles. We draw attention to the importance of transformational leadership research utilizing the cross-cultural communication competence construct. Introduction Transformational leaders rely heavily on their rhetorical skills in order to articulate a vision and create meaning for their followers. While the leader's message is important, the process by which it is communicated appears to be just as significant. The communication style is a critical distinguishing factor in whether the leader’s message will be remembered and endorsed. Flauto...
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...1d. Social Issues and Implications Very often when discussing the body, it is in reality a discussion on the symbolic systems- the structures and effects of class, race, or gender, practices of sport, or organizational principles of sociality (Latimer, 2009). According to (Latimer, 2009) bodies fit in with cultural and economic mores” as “body practices are socially constructed along the fault lines of gender, class, age and ethnicity. This is likely because one's appearance often is a reflection of their habits and mindset, and thus their social class culture and race. Through one's’ physical appearance, skin colour, hair color and build are all signs of their race and culture. The behaviours and dressing on the other hand would identify one's’...
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...Leaders and Followers Leadership has been defined as the process of influencing others in a manner that enhances their contribution to the realization of group goals (Haslam, 2004). Studies conducted on leadership styles and theories led to an abundance of information. The study of leadership has identified different styles exhibited by leaders. Leaders predominantly use a single style or may demonstrate the use of different styles depending on the situation. Scholars today have discussed the nature of leadership in terms of interaction among the people involved. The leader is not the work of a single person; but rather a "collaborative endeavor" among group members (Rost, 2008). With such a wide definition it can be assumed that effective leadership may depend on the combination of the leader, the follower, the situation, or any mixture of these aspects. This paper will discuss contingency, transformational, and transactional theories and the relationship between leaders and followers. The implications that these theoretical perspectives have on organizations as well as the organizational psychology development (OPD) professional concern with developing and implementing a talent management and development strategy through an organization's leaders. How these theories play out in my organization will also be discussed. Contingency, Transformational, and Transactional Theories During the 1960's and 1970's leadership theories were developed under the 'contingency' perspective...
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...Comprehensive Report on Global Staffing Strategies Comprehensive Report on Global Staffing Strategies Mergers and acquisitions are increasingly being used by firms to strengthen and maintain their position in the market place. They are seen by many as a relatively fast and efficient way to expand into new markets and incorporate new technologies. Yet their success is by no means assured. To the contrary, a majority fall short of their stated goals and objectives. While some failure can be explained by financial and market factors, a substantial number can be traced to neglected human resource issues and activities (Schuler & Jackson p.1). As the Director of Human Resources for Clearly Heard, a telecommunications company it has been deemed necessary for me to revise the current staffing strategy in order to acquire Scene and Sound, another telecommunications company in Germany. The CEO has required that I prepare a comprehensive staffing strategy for the new expansion in order to prepare for a strategic audit of the HR systems of Scene and Sound. In order to get a complete understanding of the HR system I will also answer the following questions: What HR challenges may arise as a result of this acquisition? What unique cultural and regulatory factors (e.g. EEOC) need to be considered? How will they impact organizational effectiveness? What recruitment and selection practices will be used in staffing Scene and Sound? What mix of expatriates and internationals are expected...
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...HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTER AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, LEADERSHIP STYLE AND PERCEIVED LEADERSHIP EFFECTIVENESS LISA A. WEINBERGER DECEMBER 2003 Swanson & Associates 168 E. SIXTH STREET, SUITE 4002 ST. PAUL, MN 55101 Lisa Ann Weinberger 2003 i TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1........................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 Background and Purpose of the Study...................................................................... 3 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................................... 6 Significance of the Study ........................................................................................... 7 Limitations ................................................................................................................ 8 Background of the Field Setting ............................................................................. 10 Definition of Terms ................................................................................................. 12 Summary ................................................................................................................. 13 Chapter 2.......................................................................
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...Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, Vol. 14 (1) 81–95 (2004) © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/hfm.10053 Improving Performance and Quality of Working Life: A Model for Organizational Health Assessment in Emerging Enterprises Christin Shoaf Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A. Ash Genaidy Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A. Waldemar Karwowski* Center for Industrial Ergonomics, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, U.S.A. Samuel H. Huang Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A. ABSTRACT The organization of work has been addressed through numerous perspectives by a diverse set of disciplines. While job stress research has focused on the promotion of worker well-being, contemporary business-improvement initiatives (e.g., lean manufacturing, six sigma) have sought to optimize effectiveness through work processes. However, these two aims, although traditionally viewed as contradictory, are actually interdependent variables in the determination of long-term profitability. The concept of organizational health blends the pursuit of individual wellness with organizational effectiveness to yield a strategy for economic resilience. This article...
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