...most amazing urban creation of the Inca Empire at its height; its giant walls, terraces and ramps seem as if they have been cut naturally in the continuous rock escarpments. The natural setting, on the eastern slopes of the Andes, encompasses the upper Amazon basin with its rich diversity of flora and fauna. Machu Picchu bears, with Cuzco and the other archaeological sites of the valley of the Urubamba (Ollantautaybo, Runcuracay, Sayacmarca, Phuyupamarca, Huiñay Huayna, Intipucu, etc.) a unique testimony to the Inca civilization. Cuzco and the old villages still retain traces of land occupation from the Inca Empire to preserve, in a more global manner, an archaeological heritage which has become susceptible to the effects of urbanization. Furthermore, Macchu Picchu is an outstanding example of man's interaction with his natural environment. Standing 2,430 m above sea level, in the midst of a tropical mountain forest in an extraordinarily beautiful setting, Machu Picchu was probably the most amazing urban creation of the Inca Empire at its height. Its giant walls, terraces and ramps seem as if they have been cut naturally in the continuous rock escarpments. The natural setting, on the eastern slopes of the Andes, encompasses the upper Amazon basin with its rich diversity of flora and fauna. Machu Picchu covers 32,500 ha in some of the scenically most attractive mountainous territory of the Peruvian Andes. As the last stronghold of the Incas and of superb architectural and archaeological...
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...PART A The most significant physical geographical factor that contributed to the development of the ancient South American society of the Incas was the Andes Mountains. The Inca Empire had villages and cities throughout the Andes Mountains. Some of these settlements were as low as sea level and their capital, Cusco, was at an altitude of 11,200 feet. The Andes are considered some of the longest and highest mountain ranges. In fact it’s tallest peak, Mount Aconcaqua, in Argentina, tops out at 22,841 feet (Zimmermann, 2013). Despite the fact that people were traversing mountains the people flourished creating trails, aqueducts and agricultural practices that still exist today. Almost every aspect of the Incas life were affected by the Andes. Due to the changes in climate and altitude from one settlement to another, the Incas had to develop resilient breeds of crops including potatoes, quinoa and corn (Graber, 2011). Not only were the mountains home to the Incas believed them to be Gods. They created some of the most indelible cities right into the sides of the mountains in an extremely precise manor that is still studied to this day. For these reasons and many more, the Andes Mountains are certainly one of reasons the ancient people of South America grew as a civilization. PART B The process of diffusion between early human societies can easily be seen through the use and distribution of the potato throughout the globe. The potato was originally cultivated in...
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...describe only a tiny morsel of the Incan civilization. The Incas are a civilization that got wiped off the face of the earth and became an enigma. Because I am fascinated by the Incas, I wish they had never disappeared, but then they would be put next to the other ancient civilizations that grew in the 1800’s. How did the Incas come about, what is their history, and most importantly, how did they disappear? According to legend, Wiraqoca Pacayacaciq, the Incan creator, created a race of giants on the island Titicaca, located in Bolivia. After creating this race, he discovered that they were too large for his purpose, so he replaced them with humans, similar to the ones who inhabit the earth now. After turning some...
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...Task 1-A: The two most significant environmental or physical geographic factors that contributed to the development or expansion of the United States is the California Gold Rush and the Irish Potato Famine. The first most significant factor was the California Gold Rush. Before gold was officially discovered in Northern California on January 24, 1848, Kelly (n.d.) states that the entire population of the California territory was around 25,000. A few years after California was admitted as the 31st state in The Union in 1850, a special census was taken and the population had grown to 223,856. Kelly (n.d.) also states that in San Francisco alone, the population was approximately 800 in 1848 to well over 50,000 at the close of 1849. Before the rush, California was a vast wild wilderness that most Americans never dreamed of visiting. There were tales of savage people and even more savage wilderness and it was widely known that lawlessness and general uncivility reigned supreme throughout the new Western Territories. These tales enthralled the general public but deterred most from doing anything but follow the stories through newspaper articles and books. But with the discovery of a gold nugget at a sawmill owned by John Sutter, all of this changed. Newspapers reported the great discovery and when U.S. President James Polk confirmed the rumors in his annual congressional address in December of 1848, the California Gold Rush was on! This rush came a time in history when people...
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...ANTH265 Final Exam 12/12/11 PART I: Inca and Maya Cultural Systems To one who is not familiar with the ancient peoples of the Americas, the Maya and the Inca could be misjudged as two similar civilizations. Although links do exist between all the civilizations, the Maya and the Inca are not as parallel as say the Maya and Aztec. The Maya civilization occupied what are now Guatemala, Belize, and the Mexican states of Tabasco, Chiapas and the entire Yucatan Peninsula. The earliest records of the Maya civilization show that they were already growing crops around 1,800 BC with the "golden era" of the Maya civilization occurring between 250 and 900 AD. More than 40 cities, some of which had populations of more than 50,000 existed in this time. The Incas reigned along the west coast of South America with the empire’s center in present day Peru from approximately 1476 to 1534 AD. According to M. Moseley’s book, The Incas and their Ancestors, The Inca’s population is estimated to be over 10 million at the height of the empire; however, these people were not technically Incas, but Inca subjects. Interestingly, the term ‘Inca’ only encompasses a small group of kindred, less than 40,000 individuals who built their great Andean empire by force. The ‘subjects’ were not Incas because the Incas were a closed ethnic body. Nonetheless, the differences between the Inca and Maya go much further than just regional and time differences. Each society’s religion, ideological, and cosmological...
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...History Of Chocolate The first recorded evidence of chocolate as a food product goes back to Pre-Columbian Mexico. The Mayans and Aztecs were known to make a drink called "Xocoatll from the beans of the cocoa tree. In 1528, the conquering Spaniards returned to Spain with chocolate still consumed as a beverage. A similar chocolate drink was brought to a royal wedding in France in 1615, and England welcomed chocolate in 1662. To this point "chocolate" as we spell it today, had been spelled variously as "chocalatall, "jocolatte", "jacolatte", and "chockelet.11 In 1847, Fry & Sons in England introduced the first "eating chocolate," but did not attract much attention due to its bitter taste. In 1874, Daniel Peter, a famed Swiss chocolateer, experimented with various mixtures in an effort to balance chocolates rough flavor, and eventually stumbled upon that abundant product -- milk. This changed everything and chocolate's acceptance after that was quick and enthusiastic. Growing Cocoa Beans Cocoa beans are usually grown on small plantations in suitable land areas 20 degrees north or south of the Equator. One mature cocoa tree can be expected to yield about five pounds of chocolate per year. These are planted in the shade of larger trees such as bananas or mangos, about 1000 trees per hectare (2,471 acres). Cocoa trees take five to eight years to mature. After harvesting from the trees, the pods (which contain the cocoa beans) are split open, beans removed...
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...The determination of European elites to progress beyond their marginal position in Eurasian commerce was a main incentive for European exploration after 1450. (See section “The European Advantage” in your textbook.) 3. What was the single most important factor that aided the European conquest of the Americas? a. Gunpowder b. Disease c. Horses d. Superior organization FEEDBACK: The peoples of the Americas had no immunity to European disease and up to 90 percent of the population died after contact with the Europeans, greatly easing the process of conquest. (See section “The Great Dying” in your textbook.) 4. Which of the following is an old-world crop that was soon established in Europe’s American colonies? a. Tobacco b. Potatoes c. Corn d. Rice FEEDBACK: Rice is a Eurasian product that soon became an agricultural staple in many locations in the Americas. (See section “The Columbian Exchange” in your textbook.) 5. Which of the following was a consequence of the introduction of horses to the North American West? a. A male-dominated hunting and warrior culture displaced farming cultures in many areas. b. New hunting capability led to the near extinction of the North American bison. c. Horses made it possible for Native Americans...
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...Peru became independent from Spanish rule on July 28, 1821. It has over 496,224 square miles of land, making it the third largest country in South America. The three geographical regions of the country are the Pacific Coastal Strip, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazonian Lowlands. Therefore, climates in Peru vary drastically. Peru's government is constitutional republic. Their constitution was signed on December 31, 1993. Peru's flag has three equal, vertical bands of red, white, and red with the coat of arms (a shield with a vicuna, a cinchona tree, and a yellow cornucopia filled with gold coins, all inside a green wreath) centered in the white band. Population of the country is estimated to be between 30 and 31 million. Spoken by over seventy...
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...The Andes form the backbone of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile. It is the longest unbroken mountain chain in the world, soaring higher than any range except the Himalayas in South Asia. Some of the Andes’ snowcapped peaks tower more than 20,000 feet (6,000 m) above sea level. The Andes have shaped not only the physical geography of the Andean nations, but also the economies and lifestyles of the people who make their homes in this region. The Andes stretch some 5,500 miles (8,850 km) all the way from the Caribbean Sea to the southernmost tip of South America. At places in Peru and Bolivia the mountain range is nearly 500 miles (800 km) wide. Its rocky walls divide the Andean nations into three distinct environments: coastal plain, highlands, and forest. Coastal Plain Between the mountains and the sea, a narrow plain stretches along the entire Pacific coast from Colombia to the southern end of Chile. At some points it is no more than a sandy beach at the foot of the mountains; in other places it reaches inland for 100 miles (160 km). The Atacama Desert, the driest and one of the most lifeless places on earth, occupies the coastal plain in northern Chile. Because ocean winds lose their moisture blowing across the cold waters of the Peru Current, only dry air ever reaches the land, creating a desolate wasteland. The Atacama is so dry that archaeologists have found perfectly preserved relics from ancient times. These include colored textiles woven hundreds of years ago...
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...these groups of people a. Incas in Peru b. Mayans in Central America c. Aztecs in Mexico III. The Earliest Americans A. About 5000 B.C.E ago corn was developed 1. Slowly groups of hunters would become agricultural villagers B. Pueblo Indians 1. The first to grow corn 2. Developed an irrigation systems for their corn C. Eastern India 1. Used three sister farming made up of corn, beans, and squash A. The Creek, Choctaw, and Cherokee population went up D. Iroquois Confederacy 1. Their leader was Hiawatha 2. The group’s main agenda was to create military alliance with Native Americans and Europeans. IV. European Enter Africa A. Marco Polo’s book about what he saw at China made many Europeans want to go there themselves B. Slave Trade 1. Slave trader assaulted tribes to make the odds of an uprising to stop them less likely 2. Portuguese used these slaves to work the sugar plantations V. Columbus Comes upon a New World A. Persuaded Ferdinand and Isabella to fund his trip to the East Indies 1. Ended up failing and mistaking America for East Indies 2. Named the Native Americans Indians B. Global Economic System Emerges 1. Europe provided the Market, capital, and technology 2. Africa supplied the labor 3. The New World funded the raw material VI. When Worlds Collide A. Trading between the New and Old world consisted of plants, foods, animals, and germs B. Columbian Exchange 1. What the New World traded with the Old World a. Gold, silver, corn potatoes, pineapples, tomatoes,...
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...trip from La Paz to Lake Titicaca, the largest lake in South America, Island hop from Isla del Sol to Isla de Luna and see the birthplace of the sun and the moon Day three: Visit Sajama National Park to see the snowy volcano Sajama, a UNESCO World History Site Day four: Take the journey to Salar de Uyuni to visit the largest salt lake in the world Day five: Travel a little further south to Laguna Colorada a red tinged shallow salt lake to watch the sunset Day six: Travel to Potosi and take in the history, spend the night in the city of Sucre, the Capital of Bolivia Day seven: Head to Santa Cruz to end an amazing week in Bolivia Introduction Bolivia is a small South American country sharing borders with Peru, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Argentina. Bolivia along with many other South American countries can boast its diverse cultural aspects, in-depth history, amazing food and positive outlook on life! During my week trip to Bolivia I will immerse myself in as much culture, food and sightseeing as I can fit in. Through my chosen itinerary I will be able to get a true feeling for the magnificent sites, amazing sounds, and complete cultural background of the Bolivians. My week in Bolivia will start in La Paz and take me down to marvelous landscapes and extreme adventures lead me to Bolivia's largest city of Santa Cruz. What are we waiting for ¡vamanos! Food Who doesn’t love to eat, some people travel just to explore different tastes and dishes...
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...ORGANISATIONS THEORY AND PRACTICE PROJECT WORKSHEET 1 – 2012 THE COCA COLA COMPANY l Porter's Five Forces Model 1. Competitive Rivalry within an Industry Coke has nearly 50% share of the global carbonated soft-drink industry and over 80% in many markets. The market share of other competitors is too low to encourage any price wars. Cola-Cola gets one of its competitive advantages through the well-known global trade marks by achieving the premium prices. It means Cola-Cola have something that their competitors do not have. Coke appears to have sustainable scale advantages over its competition - its greatest competitive advantage is the scale of its global bottling system, even more than the predominance of the Coke brand. Beverage industry competition can be classified as a Duopoly with Coca Cola and Pepsi, the flagship product of PepsiCo. * Competing brands: Pepsi is second to Coke in sales, and outsells Coca-Cola in some markets. Pepsi internationally manufactures concentrates of brand Pepsi, Mountain Dew, and other brands for sale to franchised bottlers in the US and international markets. Pepsi also markets, sells, and distributes juices under several Tropicana trademarks in the US and internationally. In addition to the soft drink and juice business, PepsiCo is engaged in the snack food segment through its domestic and international Frito Lay business. Like Coca-Cola, Pepsi has been attempting to move into the faster growing non-carbonated beverage segment...
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...Barbados Barbados is a North American sovereign island country located in the Caribbean. The capital of this state is Bridgetown. This state raised its head as an independent state in 1966 after being a Colony of the British Empire for almost 350 years. Category | Fact | Category | Fact | 1.Size | 439 Square km | 4.Religion | Christianity | 2.Population | 277,821 | 5.Currency | Barbadian Dollar | 3.Language | Barbadian | 6.GDP Rate | $16,653 | The main resources of Barbados are Petroleum, Fish, Natural gas, Sugarcane etc. The national symbols of Barbados are Neptune's trident, pelican, and Red Bird of Paradise flower (also known as Pride of Barbados). In Barbados Queen Elizabeth II is the Head of the State and represented locally by Governor General which is at present Elliott Belgrave. These two heads are advised by the Prime Minister of Barbados who is also the Head of the Government on matters of Barbadian state. The current Prime Minister of Barbados is Freundel Stuart. ...
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...COLLAPSE HOW S O C I E T I E S CHOOSE TO FAIL OR S U C C E E D JARED DIAMOND VIK ING VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. Penguin Group (Canada), 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 3B2 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi—110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), Cnr Airborne and Rosedale Roads, Albany, Auckland 1310, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England First published in 2005 by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 13579 10 8642 Copyright © Jared Diamond, 2005 All rights reserved Maps by Jeffrey L. Ward LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Diamond, Jared M. Collapse: how societies choose to fail or succeed/Jared Diamond. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-670-03337-5 1. Social history—Case studies. 2. Social change—Case studies. 3. Environmental policy— Case studies. I. Title. HN13. D5 2005 304.2'8—dc22...
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...10000 quiz questions and answers www.cartiaz.ro 10000 general knowledge questions and answers 10000 general knowledge questions and answers www.cartiaz.ro No Questions Quiz 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Carl and the Passions changed band name to what How many rings on the Olympic flag What colour is vermilion a shade of King Zog ruled which country What colour is Spock's blood Where in your body is your patella Where can you find London bridge today What spirit is mixed with ginger beer in a Moscow mule Who was the first man in space What would you do with a Yashmak Who betrayed Jesus to the Romans Which animal lays eggs On television what was Flipper Who's band was The Quarrymen Which was the most successful Grand National horse Who starred as the Six Million Dollar Man In the song Waltzing Matilda - What is a Jumbuck Who was Dan Dare's greatest enemy in the Eagle What is Dick Grayson better known as What was given on the fourth day of Christmas What was Skippy ( on TV ) What does a funambulist do What is the name of Dennis the Menace's dog What are bactrians and dromedaries Who played The Fugitive Who was the King of Swing Who was the first man to fly across the channel Who starred as Rocky Balboa In which war was the charge of the Light Brigade Who invented the television Who would use a mashie niblick In the song who killed Cock Robin What do deciduous...
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