...The Qualitative Report Volume 14 Number 1 March 2009 42-60 http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR14-1/diaz-andrade.pdf Interpretive Research Aiming at Theory Building: Adopting and Adapting the Case Study Design Antonio Díaz Andrade The University of Auckland Business School, Auckland, New Zealand Although the advantages of case study design are widely recognised, its original positivist underlying assumptions may mislead interpretive researchers aiming at theory building. The paper discusses the limitations of the case study design for theory building and explains how grounded theory systemic process adds to the case study design. The author reflects upon his experience in conducting research on the articulation of both traditional social networks and new virtual networks in six rural communities in Peru, using both case study design and grounded theory in a combined fashion in order to discover an emergent theory. Key Words: Case Study, Interpretive Approach, Theory Building, and Grounded Theory Introduction Researchers adopting a case study design face a number of challenges in making their argument. Yin (2003) himself warns researchers who adopt a case study design to be conscious that their findings will be challenged and prefaces his book enumerating the alleged weaknesses in the case study; a methodology that downgrades the academic disciplines and lacks sufficient precision, objectivity, and rigour. We should note that those warnings come from an author who operates from...
Words: 8296 - Pages: 34
...Page 1 Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 1. Multiple Perspective; Modern, Symbolic-Interpretive and Postmodern 3-4 Perspective on Organization Structure and Cultural 2. Modern Perspective 4-5 3. Symbolic-Interpretive Perspective 5-6 4. Postmodern Perspective 6 5. Multi-perspective Advantage & Disadvantage 6-7 6. Conclusion 8 Reference list 9-10 Word count: 1963 words Introduction Nowadays, organizations are becoming more and more complex. This may due to the globalization, advancement in technology and derelegulation of the market. From the past till now, we can learn about an organisation through theories and different perspectives that developed by different theorists. We need to understand the organisation in different ways and different perspective in order to face any problems that deal with different organization phenomena. Here comes in the Multiple Perspectives, where includes the – modern, symbolic-interpretive and postmodern perspectives, where they provide different theories and perspectives for us to be the tools to build the idea of what an organization is and how to organize. Multiple Perspective; Modern, Symbolic-Interpretive and Postmodern According to Hatch and Cunliffe (2006), different ways of looking at the world produce different...
Words: 2709 - Pages: 11
...Law, K.Y. School of Arts and Social Sciences The Open University of Hong Kong Abstract The paper reviews the main difference between scientific investigation and non-scientific investigation and the change of the scientific principles from different approach. In the first section of the text, the author describes the definitions of scientific investigation and non-scientific investigation and the different of both researches. Furthermore, Using the example to explain the difference between the two, so that a better understanding. The second section of this study is to present three styles of scientific principles; it’s divided to positivist search, interpretive search and critical search. It’s analyze the different of the above search and described their characteristic and feature Introduction Scientific investigation is the way in which scientists and researchers use a systematic approach to answer questions about the world around the people. A scientific investigation is an empirical (measurable) study of a question using the scientific method. The main parts are listed below: (1) problem: the question people intend to answer, (2) hypothesis: the best anticipated guess to the outcome of the question, (3) experiment: study is carried out and the results are measured, (4) Results: the data/information measured during the experiment is organized in a meaningful way. Charts/graphs/tables are made, (5)discussion/analysis: the results are interpreted...
Words: 1386 - Pages: 6
...impacts of tourism in protected areas. For the purpose of this research more visitor-focused definition will be used. Definition of Interpretation There are two ways to describe interpretation. The first would be listing the forms of interpretation. For example: information centre, guide walk and tour, guidebook, brochures and signs or pamphlets that provide information of the protected areas The example given above could be suggested that interpretation incorporates all the various ways in which organizer seek to communicate with their visitors. It is also sometimes refer to as visitors’ education. Recently interpretation has been use as a recognized element of other types of attraction such as theme parks. The increase usage of interpretive activities reflects growing competition between attractions and increasing expectations from visitors. (Harris, 2005) Given the wide range of places where interpretation is used, it is not surprising to identify that there are others formal definitions available. The table 14.1 provides a selection of these definitions which take the second approach of describing the goals and key characteristics of interpretation. These definitions are organized into two categories reflecting the different important thinking about interpretation. The first columns are center on visitors which define...
Words: 2173 - Pages: 9
...Three Perspectives Of Organizational Theory Management Essay Organizational theory is based on its three perspectives, which are the modern, symbolic-interpretive and the post-modern. The perspectives each have different approaches when it comes to the management of an organization. Modernists are objectivists who focus on reality of knowledge which is build based upon the conceptualization and the theorization. An Example would be that a company earns profits based on the CEO’s ability to make right decisions while investing the money of an organization. The results of the actions can be measured in profit and loss and can be directly measured. The data which modernists recognize are from the five senses, through what they see, heard, touch, smell and tasted. Modern Perspective builds a set of rules that can be used in organization so that all employees will be able to follow, perform and function, ensuring the entire process in the organization runs smoothly. Modernists do not take into account the symbolic perspective of looking outside of the five senses and looking at emotion and intuition (Hatch & Cunliffe, 2006). This essay is an example of a student's work Disclaimer This essay has been submitted to us by a student in order to help you with your studies. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. Essay Writing Service Essay Marking Service Example Essays Who wrote this essay Become a Freelance Writer Place an Order Modernists...
Words: 2694 - Pages: 11
...Chapter 1 Summary Creswell (2013), in his book Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design begins the first chapter with an introduction to qualitative research and the purpose for writing the text. He states his primary purpose for writing the book is “to examine five different approaches to qualitative inquiry – narrative, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case studies – and put them side-by-side so that we can see their differences” (p. 2). As a result, the text differs from other books on qualitative research, which normally begin with a single approach to qualitative inquiry. Creswell’s (2013) rationale for this is so reader can have a greater understanding of each of the approaches, how they apply to the research process, and the differences and similarities between each approach. This particular edition is the third edition of the text. As a result, Creswell (2013) made a number of changes from previous editions. For instance, the information on philosophical assumptions has been reworked in chapter two, and ethical dilemmas are in various phases of research are addressed in chapter three. Additionally, chapter four has a section added addressing the area of “defining characteristics” while chapter five had some changes in illustrations used (p. 3). Portions of the book were simplified, and the matter of technological advances in research have also been addressed. Lastly, thought provoking exercises where added at the end of each chapter, and references...
Words: 1011 - Pages: 5
...Proceedings of the 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences - 2009 A Conceptual and Operational Definition of ‘Social Role’ in Online Community Eric Gleave University of Washington egleave@u.washington.edu Howard T. Welser Ohio University welser@ohio.edu Abstract Both online and off, people frequently perform particular social roles. These roles organize behavior and give structure to positions in local networks. As more of social life becomes embedded in online systems, the concept of social role becomes increasingly valuable as a tool for simplifying patterns of action, recognizing distinct user types, and cultivating and managing communities. This paper standardizes the usage of the term ‘social role’ in online community as a combination of social psychological, social structural, and behavioral attributes. Beyond the conceptual definition, we describe measurement and analysis strategies for identifying social roles in online community. We demonstrate this process in two domains, Usenet and Wikipedia, identifying key social roles in each domain. We conclude with directions for future research, with a particular focus on the analysis of communities as role ecologies. 1. INTRODUCTION Social life has moved online. From discussion boards, to wikis, to social networking sites, people do things together through digital communication. Those interactions leave behind complex records of who did what, when, under what context,...
Words: 8057 - Pages: 33
...Proceedings of the 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences - 2009 A Conceptual and Operational Definition of ‘Social Role’ in Online Community Eric Gleave University of Washington egleave@u.washington.edu Howard T. Welser Ohio University welser@ohio.edu Abstract Both online and off, people frequently perform particular social roles. These roles organize behavior and give structure to positions in local networks. As more of social life becomes embedded in online systems, the concept of social role becomes increasingly valuable as a tool for simplifying patterns of action, recognizing distinct user types, and cultivating and managing communities. This paper standardizes the usage of the term ‘social role’ in online community as a combination of social psychological, social structural, and behavioral attributes. Beyond the conceptual definition, we describe measurement and analysis strategies for identifying social roles in online community. We demonstrate this process in two domains, Usenet and Wikipedia, identifying key social roles in each domain. We conclude with directions for future research, with a particular focus on the analysis of communities as role ecologies. 1. INTRODUCTION Social life has moved online. From discussion boards, to wikis, to social networking sites, people do things together through digital communication. Those interactions leave behind complex records of who did what, when, under what context,...
Words: 8060 - Pages: 33
...HIV Disclosure to Sexual Partners an Ethics Study Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a prominent disease in the United States today. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately fifty thousand Americans will be newly diagnosed with HIV this year alone (Basic Statistics, 2014). Although HIV can be transmitted in several ways the most common ways are via sexual transmission or intravenous drug use. Therefore there has always been a stigma attached to HIV – even for those who are in the health profession. A nurse who has been in this vocation for twenty years will probably be able to tell you of a nurse who refused to take care of an HIV patient. Nursing has come a long way since the 1980s, when HIV became known. However, there are still issues that a nurse may face today. One of these issues is when a newly diagnosed HIV patient has a significant other. Should a nurse, knowing the potential devastating consequences of HIV, tell a patient’s sexual partner about their HIV status? This paper will discuss, the legal, moral and ethical ramifications of HIV disclosure. It will weigh the pros and cons of a nurse revealing this information, and it will provide recommendations for nurses who encounter this issue during their practice. It is understandable that a nurse may feel perplexed about this ethical dilemma. Once someone is diagnosed with HIV, they will have the disease for the rest of their lives. Currently there is not a cure. Although...
Words: 2297 - Pages: 10
...phenomenon of interest for theorization and explanation. The modernist perspective views organizations as objectively real entities operating in a real world and takes a positivist approach to generating knowledge. When well-designed and managed, organisations are systems of decision and action driven by norms of rationality, efficiency and effectiveness for stated purposes. Organisations in a modernist perspective are free of human constructions and drives towards achieving common goals. The symbolic interpretivists view organizations as continually constructed and reconstructed by their members through symbolically mediated interaction. The symbolic interpretive perspective focuses on the organization as a community sustained by human relationships and uses a predominantly subjectivist ontology and an interpretive epistemology. Organizations are socially constructed realities where meanings promote and are promoted by understanding of the self and others that occurs within the organizational context. Symbolic interpretivism focus of organizations evolves around interpretation through language and people in organisations tend to objectify themselves. The postmodernists view organizations as sites for enacting power relations,...
Words: 311 - Pages: 2
...Community Development Vol. 41, No. 3, July–September 2010, 298–322 Incorporating social justice in tourism planning: racial reconciliation and sustainable community development in the Deep South Alan W. Bartona* and Sarah J. Leonardb a b Downloaded By: [University at Buffalo, the State University of New York (SUNY)] At: 06:29 3 November 2010 Social Sciences, Delta State University, DSU Box 3264, Cleveland MS 38733, USA; The College Board, Chicago, USA Tourism can serve as a vehicle for sustainable community development by contributing to equity and social justice. This happens as tourists learn about marginal groups through educational tourism, engage in development projects with host-area residents, undertake pilgrimages that bring greater meaning and cohesiveness to an ethnic identity, or encounter stories that transform their view of social injustice and spur further action to reduce inequities. Tourism planning can produce a sense of reconciliation when it brings historically divided groups together. An example is found in Tallahatchie County, Mississippi, where a group of white and African American residents are collaborating to develop tourism projects designed around a narrative of reconciliation, while they use the process of tourism planning to work towards racial reconciliation within their community. This case illustrates strategies tourism planners employ and challenges they face when they envision tourism as more than merely a means of economic growth...
Words: 13627 - Pages: 55
...Jour 575-Media Ethics and Social Issues Theories for Mass Media Team Projects Teams and topics will be posted on 09/09 Each team will present and lead discussion for 30 minutes First team starts on 09/24 PowerPoint or pre-approved alternative for presentation and discussion Each Team Member must also submit A five-page paper on the topic A confidential peer review of each other team member Team Projects Topic will usually be a Chapter/Case Study in the book Team is expected to go beyond what is in the book to provide additional information and analysis regarding the case study topic. Analyze case study in terms of major foundational ethical theories and major journalism ethical theories. Authoritarian theory of the press: The function of the press is to support the policies and actions of the state, and its authorities. The press should foster social solidarity and national unity. The state has the right to control the press for the overall public good. In many cases, controlling the press means preventing the press from embarrassing the existing government, to repress criticism and protest, and to severely restrict press freedom. The authoritarian view was prevalent in 17th century Europe where publishing came under the prerogative and censorship powers of the monarch and church. The authoritarian theory is embraced today by many leaders of non-democratic states. Libertarian (or liberal) theory of the press: The...
Words: 2039 - Pages: 9
...CHAPTER 5 – Writing to reflect * Writer is OBSERVER * Kinds of documents: Memoir, photo essays, short stories, literacy narratives, reflective essays * HOW TO WRITE: * Find a conversation and Listen in: Explore ur experience -> Ask questions abt promising subjects -> Conduct an observation * Reflect on Your Subject: Examine ur subject ( explore processes, consider implications, examine similarities and differences, trace causes and effects, consider value, identify challenges and difficulties, reflect on ur experience ) -> Collect detail ( compare ur subject with something else, discuss ur ideas) -> Find significance * Prepare a draft: Convey your main idea (P137)-> Tell a story ( Setting, character, plot, conflict, climax, resolution, point of view) -> Go into detail -> Choose your point of view (third-person pronouns or first-person pronouns) -> Consider genre and design (readable font, double –spacing, using illustrations) -> Frame your reflections (Organization, Introduction and Conclusion) * Review and Improve ur draft: Ensure that ur main idea is clear -> Examine the presentation of ur observations -> Review dialogue -> Show, don’t tell. CHAPTER 6 – Writing to inform * Writer is REPORTER. * Kinds of documents: Brochures, Websites, Articles, Profiles, Informative essays. * HOW TO WRITE: * Find a conversation and Listen in: Explore ur interests (Personal interests and hobbies, Academics...
Words: 982 - Pages: 4
...sample final spring10 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. The adage, "There is no such thing as a free lunch," is used to illustrate the principle that a.|goods are scarce.| b.|people face tradeoffs.| c.|income must be earned.| d.|households face many decisions.| ____ 2. Moira decides to spend two hours taking a nap rather than attending her classes. Her opportunity cost of napping is a.|the value of the knowledge she would have received had she attended class.| b.|the $30 she could have earned if she had worked at her job for those two hours.| c.|the value of her nap less the value of attending class.| d.|nothing, since she would valued sleep more than attendance at class.| ____ 3. An increase in the overall level of prices in an economy is referred to as a.|the income effect.| b.|inflation.| c.|deflation.| d.|the substitution effect.| ____ 4. An economic outcome is said to be efficient if the economy is a.|using all of the scarce resources it has available.| b.|conserving on resources, rather than using all available resources.| c.|getting all it can get from the scarce resources it has available.| d.|able to produce more than what is currently being produced without additional resources.| ____ 5. When an economy is operating at a point on its production possibilities frontier, then a.|consumers are content with the mix of goods and services that is being produced.| b.|there is no way to produce more...
Words: 2746 - Pages: 11
...There is such a concept residing in the world that is equally ambiguous as it is abstract; this concept would be the notion of truth. To define truth, would be defining something that is invented. Nothing can be absolute truth; rather, there are levels of truth. These variant levels range from more to less true, based on how interpretive one concept is over the other. In “Homo religiousus,” Karen Armstrong delves into two classifications of truth, the symbolic and the logical truth, and provides examples that corroborate her beliefs. In “When I Woke Up Tuesday Morning It Was Friday,” Martha Stout insinuates that the truths, Armstrong terms rational, conceptual and logical, are being influenced by the symbolic nature that is built into any “meaning-seeking creature[’s]” biology (Armstrong 5). An example of a meaning-seeking creature is Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens are the symbolic species. The ability that a meaning-seeking creature possesses, to understand, stems from a foundation of symbols. When defining truth, the idea that everything is made out of symbols has to be accounted for, and when regarding symbols, nothing can actually be concretely true. Therefore, there is no absolute truth, but rather there are conditions that can qualify different concepts as true, based on their levels of trueness, such as maintaining a unified consciousness, the mechanics of beliefs, language, and the...
Words: 1738 - Pages: 7
