...Precipitating the American Revolution The colonies’ quickly growing economy made declaring independence an inevitability, especially after the Seven Years’ War, when Britain started to impose taxes on the colonies to regain the losses incurred during the war. The timing and severity of new policies enacted by the Crown and Parliament, starting with the Sugar Act of 1764 and ending with the Intolerable Acts of 1774, gave almost every colonist a common grievance, expediting the process of colonial unity against British rule (Walton/Rockoff 2010, pp. 93-107). Joseph D. Reid, Jr., a professor in economics, concludes in his paper that “conflict over economic issues best explains the length, intensity of, and participation in protest by the colonists” (Reid 1978, pp. 81-100). English mercantilism explains why Parliament passed certain taxes for the colonies. The goal of mercantilism was to achieve power and wealth for the state by acquiring large amounts of specie, and the mercantilists wanted to use legislation to regulate the economy in a way that helped Britain more than the colonies (Walton/Rockoff 2010, pp. 93-107). The Navigation Acts of 1651 set the stage for the revolution to come almost century later, although the Navigation Acts themselves were not all bad. In fact, the colonists were some of the lightly taxes people in the world (Reid 1978, pp. 81-100). However, the acts that followed infuriated the colonists. After the repeal of the Stamp Act of 1765, Charles Townshend...
Words: 458 - Pages: 2
...(53). The inevitability of death gives no patient reassurance in their terminal illness. “My deepest desire is always to choose death with dignity over a life that has become either hopelessly painful and dysfunctional or empty and devoid of all meaning” (Ondrey 54). Life is intended to be lived fully and balanced, it is seen as irrational to end life due to illnesses. When a patient becomes terminally ill, incurable, and distressed, there is no value to linger in pain and suffering. The right- to-die movement does not promote assisted suicide and euthanasia to treatable matters. James H. Ondrey suggests the movements guidelines: The abandonment of hope leads to despair, which may then lead to the contemplation of suicide. But while terminal illness with the prospect of suffering may seem a reasonable justification, being jilted in a relationship at the age of 17 may not. The basic question then is whether the despair that leads to considering life not worth living is justified in the context of a normal perception of the world, or whether it arises because of some temporary distortion of perception,such as happens with mood swings or in mental illness. And who makes the judgment as to justification? (61) Mood swings and improvable mental disorders are excluded from the activist agenda. In one’s opinion, a mental and physical evaluation should be thoroughly discussed (Ondrey 60-61). Individuals have no advantage in suffering when their illness becomes intolerable and terminal...
Words: 1217 - Pages: 5
...worth of tea. In response to the Tea Party, Parliament passed what colonists called the “Intolerable Acts.” These acts closed the Boston Port until the ruined tea was paid for, increased government regulation in the Boston area, and sent British officials accused of crimes relating to their position to England for trial. The acts were passed as a last measure to reassert Britain’s rule over the unruly colonies, but, in the eyes of the colonists, was just another reaffirmation of Britain’s tyranny. The colonies’ issues with the British government began at the local level with corrupt officials, but in the course of a century, their anger became directed at the Parliament that dictated them across the ocean. Colonists felt economically oppressed by the uneven disbursal of land grants in the 17th century, and by taxation in the 18th; they believed that their taxes were ethically out of line; and they had little respect for the authority that was on the same continent as them. Though the colonists considered themselves English subjects, by 1776, the previous hundred years of events had caused a cultural disconnect from England – what was perceived as a reasonable act of legislation in Britain (like taxing their subjects) was seen as greedy and an outrage by the colonists. By the 1760s, Britain had won its large empire, but its inability to keep the colonists under control cemented the inevitability of the colonies separating from the crown....
Words: 1434 - Pages: 6
...Away Study guide Background to Michael Gow Michael Gow was born in Sydney in 1955, He went to ‘a pretty rough school and at the age of 14 participated in workshops at Australian Theatre for Young people as both an actor and a writer. Gow’s plays have been popular with both critics and audiences alike. Away was produced several times throughout Australia after its initial presentation in 1986. Away is typical of Gow’s work in that it is rich in literary allusion. The quotes from Shakespeare mingle with numerous references to more modern culture. His style juxtaposes contemporary realistic situations with non-naturalistic theatrical elements. The plays explore lower-middle-class family life in Australia since the Second World War. Humorous sequences are mingled with painful situations often involving illness and death. These themes are always dramatized in the social context. Conflict between generations is a reoccurring them, typically involving the clash between attitudes formed through the Depression and Second World War and the changing values engendered by post-war prosperity. This conflict is more harmoniously resolved in Away than anywhere else. Gow says that the Sydney suburbs and the beaches of northern New South Wales are important settings for his play because that’s where he spent his childhood, and idealized versions of these places are in the background of his imagination. In the plays these settings are transformed into places representing more universal ideas...
Words: 6174 - Pages: 25
...Isaac Allen Williams Jr. Dr. Anja Matwijkiw Biomedical Ethics P393 26 June 2013 Put Out to Pasture: The Problem with Euthanasia I have decided to write my paper on Euthanasia as the topic elicits all types of opinions and conversion on the matter. It is definitely a hot button topic when it comes to Ethical dilemmas, theories, principles, and how society should precede with this in application of law and legislation. I believe that allowing for Euthanasia globally and nationally will begin to further erode the very moral and ethical fiber that separates man from animal. I further support my stand with the example of abortion, and even though opinion hasn’t changed much in the 40 years since Roe vs. Wade allowed for abortion to take place, still millions of babies have been killed despite to negative opinions about it. My hypothesis on this issue is that if nationally legalized it would lead to an untold amount of elderly, handicapped, ill, poor, and lonely people vulnerable to being put to death against their wishes and before their time. The aim of this paper it too show that indeed legalizing “Euthanasia” or “Patient Assisted Suicide” would indeed lead us down the “slippery slope. This first step for me in this paper would be to talk about the theories and principles behind not being pro-euthanasia. There are a number of ethical principles that are deontological in nature, are part of the natural moral law, and relevant to the kinds of dilemmas that occur...
Words: 3593 - Pages: 15
...EDUCATION AND TRAINING LEGAL AND EThICAL IssUEs Of EUThANAsIA: ARGUmENTATIvE EssAy Bilal S. H. Badr Naga Majd T. Mrayyan (1) Bilal S. H. Badr Naga., MSN, RN, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center in Qassim, Saudi Arabia (2) Majd T. Mrayyan., Prof, RN, The Hashemite University, Jordan Correspondence: Bilal S. H. Badr Naga., MSN, RN, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center in Qassim, Saudi Arabia Email: Bilal_badrnaga@yahoo.com Case scenario Abstract Euthanasia is one of the issues that has been the subject of intense debate over time. It has been a pertinent issue in human rights discourse as it also affects ethical and legal issues pertaining to patients and health care providers. This paper discusses the legal and ethical debates concerning both types of euthanasia. It focuses on both the supporter of euthanasia and the opponent of euthanasia. Several statements for the Euthanasia argument arediscussed: a merciful response that alleviates the suffering of patients which is sometimes wrongly perceived to be otherwise unrelievable; the autonomy in which the patient has the right to make his own choices; the regulation and legislation of existing practices of euthanasia to protect health care providers and patients. In this heated debate religious, political, ethical, legal and personal views are also included. Among all these, those who desperately want to end their lives because they simply cannot go on in any way, are the ones who suffer. Every individual or group has a different viewpoint...
Words: 7058 - Pages: 29
...behavioural approaches to stress management Psychological approaches to stress management Organisational stress References Introduction According to Time magazine we live in a 'time famine' where life is getting more and more complicated as the time available to us gets shorter and shorter. We seem to have to run twice as fast just to stay in one place. We feel pressurised. We feel stressed. What is it about the way that we live today that makes us feel this way, and is there anything we can do about it? More importantly just what exactly are we talking about here? Is this some new disease of the 21st century? Something that is part and parcel of taking on new responsibilities, whether at home or at work? Is there a certain inevitability about it all? Concepts of pressure and stress vary, and therein lies part of the problem. We can all relate to stress, we can all describe what it feels like to be pressurised, but what causes stress itself is perhaps less well defined. There are a variety of stress management techniques to choose from, which focus on different aspects of the stress response. Apart from endeavouring to manage personal stress, employers are also going to have to address questions of stress management in relation to employees, by defining their responsibility in relation to health and safety. The good news on stress is that it is not all bad. Feeling stressed on occasions is a healthy natural response. Prolonged stress though is something else. The aim...
Words: 6625 - Pages: 27
...http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/history/franks/classes/131b/perm/radicalsdocuments.html#nechaev Documents on the Revolutionary Movement, c. 1861-1881 1. Revolutionary Proclamations of 1861 and 1862 2. Nechaev's Program, 1869 3. Nechaev's "Catechism of a Revolutionary," 1869 4. Petr Lavrov, 1870-1873 5. Palen's Description of the Movement "To the People," 1875 6. Program of the "Land and Freedom" Group, 1878 7. Program of the "People's Will" Group, January 1, 1880 Document 1. REVOLUTIONARY PROCLAMATIONS OF 1861 AND 1862 Although Russia's Emancipation of 1861 went further than that of the same period in the United States, some of the radicals were disappointed. They voiced their anger in revolutionary proclamations like the two excerpted here. The novelist M. I. Mikhailov, who helped write the first, was arrested in September 1861 for distributing subversive literature and was sentenced to hard labor in Siberia. The second proclamation, widely distributed in Saint Petersburg in May 1862, caused a great stir and is considered to be historically significant in the development of the Russian revolutionary movement. P. G. Zaichnevskii, who wrote it with a group of fellow prisoners and sent it to the underground printer via a sentry, said later that as of 1862 neither he nor his coauthors had yet read the Communist Manifesto. Reference: Mikhail K. Lemke, Politicheskie protsessy v Rossii 1860-kh gg., 2d ed. (Moscow: Gosizdat, 1923), pp. 63-64, 69, 70, 74-75 [1861 item]...
Words: 7720 - Pages: 31
...Barbara Jeanne Fields Slavery, Race and Ideology in the United States of America Two years ago, a sports announcer in the United States lost his job because he enlarged indiscreetly—that is, before a television audience—upon his views about ‘racial’ differences. Asked why there are so few black coaches in basketball, Jimmy ‘the Greek’ Snyder remarked that black athletes already hold an advantage as basketball players because they have longer thighs than white athletes, their ancestors having been deliberately bred that way during slavery. ‘This goes all the way to the Civil War,’ Jimmy the Greek explained, ‘when during the slave trading . . . the owner, the slave owner would breed his big black to his big woman so he could have a big black kid, you see.’ Astonishing though it may seem, Snyder intended his remark as a compliment to black athletes. If black men became coaches, he said, there would be nothing left for white men to do in basketball at all. Embarrassed by such rank and open expression of racism in the most ignorant form, the network fired Jimmy the Greek from his job. Any fool, the network must have decided, should know that such things may be spoken in the privacy of the 95 locker-room in an all-white club, but not into a microphone and before a camera. Of course, Jimmy the Greek lays no claim to being educated or well informed. Before he was hired to keep audiences entertained during the slack moments of televised sports events, he was...
Words: 13261 - Pages: 54
...Th e T yranny of Gui lt • Pa s c a l B ru c k n e r Translated from the French by s t ev e n r e n da l l The tyranny of Guilt An Essay on Western Masochism • P r i n c e t o n u n i v e r si t y P r e s s Princeton and Oxford english translation copyright © 2010 by Princeton university Press First published as La tyrannie de la pénitence: essai sur le masochisme occidental by Pascal Bruckner, copyright © 2006 by Grasset & Fasquelle Published by Princeton university Press, 41 William street, Princeton, new Jersey 08540 in the united kingdom: Princeton university Press, 6 oxford street, Woodstock, oxfordshire OX20 1TW press.princeton.edu all rights reserved library of congress cataloging-in-Publication data Bruckner, Pascal. [tyrannie de la pénitence. english] The tyranny of guilt: an essay on Western masochism / Pascal Bruckner; translated from the French by steven rendall. p. cm. includes index. isBn 978-0-691-14376-7 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. civilization, Western— 20th century. 2. civilization, Western—21st century. 3. international relations—Moral and ethical aspects. 4. Western countries—Foreign relations. 5. Western countries—intellectual life. 6. Guilt 7. self-hate (Psychology) 8. World politics. i. title. CB245.B7613 2010 909’.09821--dc22 2009032666 British library cataloging-in-Publication data is available cet ouvrage, publié dans le cadre d’un programme d’aide à la publication, bénéficie du soutien du Ministère des affaires étrangères et du service...
Words: 64873 - Pages: 260
...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study Structured election process is one of the indicators of stability in Nigeria’s democracy. Elections in Nigeria continue to elicit more than casual interest by Nigerian scholars due to the fact that despite the appreciation that only credible election can consolidate and sustain the country’s nascent democracy, over the years, Nigeria continues to witness with growing disappointments and apprehension inability to conduct peaceful, free and fair, open elections whose results are widely accepted and respected across the country (Ekweremadu, 2011). All the elections that have ever been conducted in Nigeria since independence have generated increasingly bitter controversies and grievances on a national scale because of the twin problems of mass violence and fraud that have become central elements of the history of elections and of the electoral process in the country (Gberie, 2011). Despite the marked improvement in the conduct of the 2011 elections, the process was not free from malpractices and violence (National Democratic Institute, 2012). Thus over the years, electoral processes in the history of Nigeria’s democratic governance have continued to be marred by extraordinary display of rigging, dodgy, “do or die” affair, ballot snatching at gun points, violence and acrimony, thuggery, boycotts, threats and criminal manipulations of voters' list, brazen falsification of election results, the use of security agencies against...
Words: 23070 - Pages: 93
...Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Key facts full title · Frankenstein: or, The Modern Prometheus author · Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley type of work · Novel genre · Gothic science fiction language · English time and place written · Switzerland, 1816, and London, 1816–1817 date of first publication · January 1, 1818 publisher · Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones narrator · The primary narrator is Robert Walton, who, in his letters, quotes Victor Frankenstein’s first-person narrative at length; Victor, in turn, quotes the monster’s first-person narrative; in addition, the lesser characters Elizabeth Lavenza and Alphonse Frankenstein narrate parts of the story through their letters to Victor. climax · The murder of Elizabeth Lavenza on the night of her wedding to Victor Frankenstein in Chapter 23 protagonist · Victor Frankenstein antagonist · Frankenstein’s monster setting (time) · Eighteenth century setting (place) · Geneva; the Swiss Alps; Ingolstadt; England and Scotland; the northern ice point of view · The point of view shifts with the narration, from Robert Walton to Victor Frankenstein to Frankenstein’s monster, then back to Walton, with a few digressions in the form of letters from Elizabeth Lavenza and Alphonse Frankenstein. falling action · After the murder of Elizabeth Lavenza, when Victor Frankenstein chases the monster to the northern ice, is rescued by Robert Walton, narrates his story, and dies tense · Past foreshadowing · Ubiquitous—throughout...
Words: 51140 - Pages: 205
...animal Books by Elliot Aronson Theories of Cognitive Consistency (with R. Abelson et al.), 1968 Voices of Modern Psychology, 1969 The Social Animal, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1995, 1999, 2004; (with J. Aronson), 2008 Readings About the Social Animal, 1973, 1977, 1981, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1995, 1999, 2004; (with J. Aronson), 2008 Social Psychology (with R. Helmreich), 1973 Research Methods in Social Psychology (with J. M. Carlsmith & P. Ellsworth), 1976 The Jigsaw Classroom (with C. Stephan et al.), 1978 Burnout: From Tedium to Personal Growth (with A. Pines & D. Kafry), 1981 Energy Use: The Human Dimension (with P. C. Stern), 1984 The Handbook of Social Psychology (with G. Lindzey), 3rd ed., 1985 Career Burnout (with A. Pines), 1988 Methods of Research in Social Psychology (with P. Ellsworth, J. M. Carlsmith, & M. H. Gonzales), 1990 Age of Propaganda (with A. R. Pratkanis), 1992, 2000 Social Psychology, Vols. 1–3 (with A. R. Pratkanis), 1992 Social Psychology: The Heart and the Mind (with T. D. Wilson & R. M. Akert), 1994 Cooperation in the Classroom: The Jigsaw Method (with S. Patnoe), 1997 Nobody Left to Hate: Teaching Compassion After Columbine, 2000 Social Psychology: An Introduction (with T. D. Wilson & R. M. Akert), 2002, 2005, 2007 The Adventures of Ruthie and a Little Boy Named Grandpa (with R. Aronson), 2006 Mistakes Were Made (But Not By Me) (with C. Tavris), 2007 Books by Joshua Aronson Improving Academic Achievement, 2002 The Social Animal To...
Words: 208005 - Pages: 833
...Illumine by !Super Cat Book One: Rio Book Two: Paris Book Three: Miami A Vampire Chronicles trilogy. Illumine Book One: Rio by supacat Armand has gone into the sun, which means that I have a story to tell. You may blame Lestat. If you have not read the preceding Vampire Chronicles: experto credite. Armand's first words to me were, "I suppose you too are going to write a novel." My name is David Talbot. I was seventy four years old when I became a vampire, but circumstances, Lestat and a psychic accident deposited me into the body of a much younger man. As a result, I am six feet two inches tall and look approximately twenty six years of age. I am also the former Superior General of the Talamasca, though my current situation has reduced that fact to little more than trivia. I have never been able to discover the identity of the man whose body I inhabit. Oddly, however, it is not a mystery that bothers me. Occasionally I look into a mirror and wonder, but that is all. Once, at the beginning of this whole adventure, I told Lestat that I was grateful for the Dark Gift. "It took you two hundred years to learn that you wanted it," I said to him. "I knew the moment I woke out of the stupor. I knew with every breath I took and with every new colour and shape I saw." I was looking with vampire eyes, as he calls it. I was enamoured with the night, and excited by the prospect of eternal life. I am learning that these emotions are not easily sustained. Not after killing a mortal every...
Words: 28475 - Pages: 114
...Salman Rushdie Midnight's Children First published in 1981 Excerpts from the Koran come from the Penguin Classics edition, translated by N. J. Dawood, copyright (c) 1956, 1959,1966,1968,1974. for Zafar Rushdie who, contrary to all expectations, was born in the afternoon Contents Book One The perforated sheet Mercurochrome Hit-the-spittoon Under the carpet A public announcement Many-headed monsters Methwold Tick, tock Book Two The fisherman's pointing finger Snakes and ladders Accident in a washing-chest All-India radio Love in Bombay My tenth birthday At the Pioneer Cafe Alpha and Omega The Kolynos Kid Commander Sabarmati's baton Revelations Movements performed by pepperpots Drainage and the desert Jamila Singer How Saleem achieved purity Book Three The buddha In the Sundarbans Sam and the Tiger The shadow of the Mosque A wedding Midnight Abracadabra Book One The perforated sheet I was born in the city of Bombay ... once upon a time. No, that won't do, there's no getting away from the date: I was born in Doctor Narlikar's Nursing Home on August 15th, 1947. And the time? The time matters, too. Well then: at night. No, it's important to be more ... On the stroke of midnight, as a matter of fact. Clock-hands joined palms in respectful greeting as I came. Oh, spell it out, spell it out: at the precise instant of India's arrival at independence, I tumbled forth into the world. There were gasps. And, outside the...
Words: 217909 - Pages: 872
