...levels in Latin America in 2010, when it is estimated they surpassed US$ 15 billion. Chinese companies have in fact burst on the scene in the region so recently that several of the biggest projects were still being finalized in early 2011, or had only just been put into operation. Most investments have been made in natural resource extraction, but over the medium term this is expected to diversify into other sectors such as manufacturing and infrastructure construction. Paradoxically, there is a lack of data on this extremely important phenomenon, which poses a constant problem for policymakers and analysts studying Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI). Appraisals of the possible opportunities and challenges presented by this increased investment flow therefore tend to lack supporting empirical evidence. The aim of this chapter is to make some progress on this issue, at least as far as investment in the region is concerned. A variety of sources have been consulted, including investment announcements in the media and interviews with Chinese company managers and Latin American and Caribbean government authorities. Despite the evident limitations of this kind of material in terms of data quality and reliability, this course of action does provide some data to work with. From a substantive viewpoint, the main contention is that China’s FDI is governed by the level of development of the Chinese economy, its production structure, internal market conditions (which explain the development...
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...General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). To meet this goal, this student will quickly review world history concerning trade, the introduction of GATT, its successes and weaknesses, and the emergence of the World Trade Organization (WTO) as a successor to GATT. From this literary review, I will cite three current examples – within the last decade – on how recent tariffs and trade barriers still affect the United States of America: * 2002 - US Steel tariff * 2007 - Paper tariff on Chinese Paper * 2009 - Violation of North American Free Trade Agreement with Mexico and its effect on US trade Finally, I will give me opinion on whether or not I believe the WTO/GATT is still relevant for 2012 and beyond. Why Was There A Need For A General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs? The history of trade – and protectionism of the trade of goods – is record all the way back to the Roman Empire. Trade at that time was characterized by Roman control over roads and on ships throughout the Mediterranean region. If you wanted to move your goods, you would at one point pay the Roman Government. Other countries, such as the Netherlands, Hong Kong, and Great Britain, followed in the same paths of controlling geographic regions and the types of vessels trade could be moved on. (Barlett, 1998) In addition to geographic movement, trade was restricted by internal factors. When individuals wanted to enter a certain market,...
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.................................................................... 3 Why Brazil become the BRIC ................................................... 3 What was behind Brazil’s Depreciation? ................................. 8 Russia ...................................................................................... 13 Why Russia become the BRIC?.............................................. 13 What was behind the Ruble depreciation? ........................... 19 Comparison and Similarities between Russia and Brazil ....... 24 In the Future ........................................................................... 25 The Future of Brazil ............................................................... 25 The future of Russia .............................................................. 25 Conclusion ............................................................................... 26 Contributor ............................................................................. 27 Reference ................................................................................ 27 1 Abstract The BRIC is the acronym of four nations, including Brazil, Russia, India and China. The conception of the BRIC was first created in 2001 by Jim O’Neil, a world famous economist. It was a book published called “Dreaming with BRICs: The Path to 2050” in 2003 by him to make the BRIC become a well-known word because it explains why the BRIC would be important in the future. He thought during the time...
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...3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple Choice a. You will have 55 minutes to answer 70 Questions. b. Each question has options A, B, C, and D. c. Questions are divided evenly between the five course themes (20% each) and six periods. ...
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...3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple Choice a. You will have 55 minutes to answer 70 Questions. b. Each question has options A, B, C, and D. c. Questions are divided evenly between the five course themes (20% each) and six periods. ...
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...Western Expansion: Topics • The Native Americans • Settlement of the West • The Bonanza West • Conclusion: The Meaning of the West The Native Americans: • Life of the Plains Indians • Indian Policy • Finial Battles on the Plains • The end of tribal life • “saving” The Indians • Hellan Hunt Jackson • NA Contributions 1877 is the beginning of “modern” American history. Hayes was president and some feel he is a fraud Most people live on Eastern Seaboard. Many overcrowding. Manufacturing and limited land space. People want to live west but the Indians were there…. In 1867 Horace Greeley urged people in NYC to move west “if you move west you will crowd nobody and not starve” because nobody was there but there were over QMil Natives living in the West. The gold rush started and disturbed the native western population. 1: Life on the plains for NA. 2/3 of them lived on the great plains. It’s one of the most hazardous at the time. They knew how to survive. The plains Indians depended buffalo. They can kill and take only what they need and use the entire kill. The Whites left the carcass. It was used by them for clothes, tools, food, shelter, ect. Before the horse the NA would hunt them by running them over a cliff or scaring them into a trap. The Spanish introduces the horse to them. They discovered that it was a great work and hunting animal. They were migratory and would travel with the food source. Some tribes would be sever thousand people...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Readymade Garments Industry is the leading foreign currency earning sectors of Bangladesh. Now-a-days Bangladesh financial sector is very much dependent upon this sector. The annual export income of garments sector is driven from two sources one is woven garments and others is knit wear. Redimet garments is a 100% export oriented garments. Redimet garments exports various garments product in foreign market. The company makes shirts, ladies dress, shorts, trousers, and others for U.S.A, U.K, Europian countries countries. They use high tech machineries to produce a quality garments product. They also add new machineries to increase their production line. They have a mission and the vision is profit maximization. The merchandising philosophy of Redimet garments is to keep good relation with their buyers. The garments Industry maintains a good relationship with every buyer. Hard working and commitment maintenance is their main strategy. They always try to satisfy their buyers. In this perspective the merchandiser always try to do their merchandising activities in due time. The merchandiser of this company is not very much skilled person. More over him has no assistant. For this reason Sometimes the company face problem. So, here Redimet garments can recruit high skilled people with giving high salary. The Redimet garments should improve their product quality, packing system, internal environment, and other merchandising activities to satisfy their foreign buyers...
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...with the end of the commodity supercycle and the slowdown in China. In the 10 months to the end of October, Brazil attracted $52bn of foreign direct investment inflows, putting it on track to reach about $60bn by the end of 2014, roughly in line with previous years. “This will be another positive year,” says Alexandre Petry, executive manager of investments at Apex-Brasil, the export promotion agency of Brazil. “The principal driver for investors is our market: 200m people with a lower middle class that is still growing.” For a Brazil that grew accustomed to almost automatic success by the end of the first decade of the century, with the rise out of poverty of much of its population and the emergence of sectors such as agriculture and iron ore mining as national champions, the past four years have represented a transition period. In a year in which Brazil hosted the 2014...
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...How China rises What lessons can be drawn from China's spectacular and sustained economic growth? As Hu Jintau remarked at the 17th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, the period since the previous Congress five years ago has been extraordinary. China's economic achievements have been arousing not only astonishment and admiration but also some anxiety. In the past twelve months alone, The People's Republic of China (PRC) has overtaken Canada as the biggest source of imports to the USA, and overtaken the USA as the biggest source of imports to the European Union. Concern about the low level of investment in Africa has been displaced by concern about the effects of the high level of Chinese investment in Africa; there is now even anxiety about the effects of investment by Chinese state-owned firms into the Western economies. The Chinese Communist Party is also expressing concerns. The themes of its 2007 Congress included protection of the environment and the achievement of social harmony. According to some estimates, China has displaced the USA as the world's biggest source of greenhouse gases. Inequality is rising as fast as pollution: China now has over 800 individuals with a personal wealth of more than a hundred million US dollars each, up from 500 in 2006; while the average income in rural areas of China is 480 dollars per year. Made in China. Hu Jintau's remark on the extraordinary nature of the most recent years can be faulted in only one sense: China has...
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...rapidly since the 1990s. In recent years, China has become the world’s largest automotive producer, with annual vehicle output of over 18 million units in 2011. China is now also the world’s biggest market for automobile sales. Meanwhile, China’s auto sector development and policies have caused concerns in the United States, from automotive trade, China’s failure to effectively enforce trade agreements and laws, to market barriers and government policies that increasingly favor Chinese manufacturers, which could affect business operations and prospects of international companies doing business in (or with) China. China’s auto industry has developed extensively through foreign direct investment, which has come in the form of alliances and joint ventures between international automobile manufacturers and Chinese partners. These international automobile manufacturers, who generally dominate the higher end of the Chinese market, have focused on making cars for China’s large and fastgrowing market. The domestic Chinese automakers, who occupy the lower end of the market, struggle to improve design and quality to expand sales overseas. China exports and imports relatively few vehicles. Most of the cars produced in China stay in China and its vehicle exports are mostly light trucks and passenger cars shipped to developing country markets. Automotive trade between the United States and China has increased in recent years,...
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...building in developing countries and better dialogue between North and South. Upgrading China’s Manufacturing Sector Pan Yue Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Simon J. Evenett University of St. Gallen and Centre for Economic Policy Research IISD’s vision is better living for all— sustainably; its mission is to champion innovation, enabling societies to live sustainably. IISD is registered as a charitable organization in Canada and has 501(c)(3) status in the United States. IISD receives core operating support from the Government of Canada, provided through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and Environment Canada; and from the Province of Manitoba. The institute receives project funding from numerous governments inside and outside Canada, United Nations agencies, foundations and the priate sector. International Institute for Sustainable Development 161 Portage Avenue East, 6th Floor Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada R3B 0Y4 Tel: +1 (204) 958–7700 Fax: +1 (204) 958–7710 E-mail: info@iisd.ca July 2010 Click here to enter text. 2 Moving up the Value Chain: Upgrading China’s Manufacturing Sector Pan Yue Party School of the Central...
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...WHAT IS GLOBAL/INTERNATIONAL TRADE? Global trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). While international trade has been present throughout much of history (see Silk Road, Amber Road), it’s economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries. Industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing are all having a major impact on the international trade system. Increasing international trade is crucial to the continuance of globalization. Without international trade, nations would be limited to the goods and services produced within their own borders. International trade is, in principle, not different from domestic trade as the motivation and the behavior of parties involved in a trade do not change fundamentally regardless of whether trade is across a border or not. The main difference is that international trade is typically more costly than domestic trade. The reason is that a border typically imposes additional costs such as tariffs, time costs due to border delays and costs associated with country differences such as language, the legal system or culture. Another difference between domestic and international trade is that factors of production such as capital and labor are typically more mobile within a country than across countries...
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...0 Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Trade in Goods ................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Bilateral Trade between Australia and China .............................................................................. 7 2.2 South Australian Trade with China .............................................................................................. 8 2.2.1 Disaggregated Analysis of South Australian Trade with China ........................................... 8 2.2.2 South Australia’s trade and comparative advantage ........................................................... 9 2.2.2.1 South Australia’s Revealed Comparative Advantage in comparison to other States and Territories .......................................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.3 Disaggregated Analysis of Key Agricultural Products ....................................................... 18 2.2.2.4 Possible Impacts of ChAFTA Commitments on Agriculture for South Australia ............... 20 2.2.2...
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...team will produce a presentation slideshow of its case study (7-10 slides per presentation, depending on the size of the case). Slideshows will be presented orally during sessions, according to the class outline (1520mn per presentation). Each team member will actively participate in his/her team presentation. Page 1 of 35 012-IBE-CaseStudies.docx CONTENTS Case Study 1. Text 1. Text 2. Text 3. Case Study 2. Text 4. Case Study 3. Text 5. Text 6. Text 7. Case Study 4. Text 8. Text 9. Text 10. Text 11. Text 12. Text 13. Case Study 5. Text 14. Text 15. Text 16. Text 17. Text 18. Text 19. Case Study 6. Text 20. Text 21. Case Study 7. Text 22. Text 23. Text 24. Text 25. Chinese Mercantilism .................................................................................................... 3 Chinese New Year .......................................................................................................... 3 China: the spend is nigh ................................................................................................. 4 Dealing With China’s Troubles ....................................................................................... 6 Bangladesh’s Textile Industry ........................................................................................ 8 Garments in Bangladesh:...
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...Analysis of Indian Iron and Steel Industry Table of Contents 1Introduction.......................................................................................................... 3 1.1Varieties of Steel................................................................................ ...............5 1.2Production Technology .....................................................................................6 1.3Components of the cost of production..............................................................7 2The Global Steel Industry.....................................................................................9 3The Structure of Indian Steel Industry...............................................................10 3.1Factors that attribute to the Revival of the Indian Steel Industry....................11 3.2Consumption of Steel in India.........................................................................16 3.2.1Top Five Companies.....................................................................................16 3.2.2Bottom Five Companies..............................................................................25 4Quantitative Analysis.........................................................................................32 4.1Ratio Analysis................................................................................................. .32 5Qualitative Analysis.........................................................................................
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