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The Joint Commission

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The Joint Commission
Noelle Cunningham
HCS 430
April 15, 2013
Norman Greene

The Joint Commission
The Joint Commission continually seeks to improve health care for the public (The Joint Commission, 2013). The Joint Commission began in 1910 as an evaluation process called “the end result system of hospital standardization” to determine successful treatments of patients. Over the next 40 years, The Joint Commission evolved into a collaboration system. In 1951, several stakeholders, such as the ACP, the AMA, the AHA, and the CMA, join to create the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH). This organization serves to provide voluntary accreditation for health care agencies. This accreditation system inspires health care organizations to “provide safe and effective health care of the highest quality and value” (The Joint Commission, 2013, para. 3). Therefore, by evaluation and accreditation of more than 20,000 health care organizations, JCAHO is the nation’s oldest and largest accrediting agency in health care. Thus, to earn and maintain JCAHO’s “Golden Seal” of approval, an organization must submit to an on-site survey every three years.
Structure and Role
The source of JCAHO’s authority comes from a government of 32 members on the Board of Commissioners. Among the members are administrators, physicians, nurses, quality experts, educators, and labor representatives. These members bring a diversity of experience in public policy, business, and health care. The Joint Commission’s scope of service includes the active monitoring of regulatory activities to identify opportunities for improvement, accreditation, and certification. This service provides a standard of quality, thus improving health care for the public (Fremgen, 2012). Additionally, recognition and certification through The Joint Commission may include the use of accreditation for licensing or for contracting purposes by state agencies.
The role of The Joint Commission is to strengthen community confidence in the quality of health care and services (The Joint Commission, 2013). This provides a competitive edge in the health care marketplace. In addition, JCAHO’s role is to reduce risks, provide education, and improve business. Through measuring performance, The Joint Commission provides credibility for a health care organization. Moreover, JCAHO provides a specific basis for monitoring performance. This monitoring will guide and stimulate improvement within the evaluated organization.
Effect on Health Care
The Joint Commission seems to have a more positive effect on health care services. Suggestions of beneficial effects include the increased staff motivation, the streamline of management functions, improved communications, and improved quality systems (Hassan, 2006). These improvements create a higher quality health care organization. For example, The Joint Commission conducts a survey on a local hospital. In the survey, JCAHO discovers that patient records are not kept to national standards. Upon this discovery, the hospital works to improve the filing and storage system. According to a study in Hussan’s thesis (2006), auditors conducted an analysis on the patients’ medical records. The analysis showed poor performance in the initial study. However, the study demonstrated a significant improvement by 135% only 15 months after the implementation of the JCAHO standards survey. Therefore, because The Joint Commission conducted this survey, the local hospital discovered areas for improvement. These improvements lead to a reduced risk for malpractice, an improved quality of patient care, and a more efficient way to run a business. “With the worldwide increase in interest to implement quality improvement initiatives and quality standards, it becomes increasingly important to develop measures of the actual effectiveness of these initiatives” (Hussan, 2006, p. 170).
JCAHO's Duties The Joint Commission has several duties. The first duty is legal compliance. JCAHO ensures that the activities by or on behalf of the surveyed organization are in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. For example, The Joint Commission will ensure that surveyed organization recruits, hires, trains, assigns, and terminates employees based on the employee’s abilities without regard to religion, race, age, or other classifications prohibited by law. Another duty of JCAHO is to ensure the ethical actions of the organization. JCAHO surveys the organization to ensure that employees of the organization are not engaging in unethical behavior. For example, employees “shall not engage in any activity or scheme intended to defraud anyone of money, property, or honest services” (The Joint Commission, 2013, p. 7). Confidentiality is another duty. The Joint Commission ensures that the organization is compliant with privacy laws. For example, JCAHO surveyors will audit the organization’s firewall policy and ensure that protected data remains confidential. In addition to the duties listed, The Joint Commission also surveys the organization for conflicts of interest, core activities, and protection of assets. Personnel from The Joint Commission must report observations, findings, and violations accordingly. The surveyed agency must improve those violations to earn or maintain accreditation and certification.
Regulatory Authority
According to The Joint Commission (2013) website, “The Joint Commission actively monitors state legislative and regulatory activities” (para. 1). The purpose is to identify opportunities for state reliance on accreditation and certification. Many states recognize and rely upon the various accreditation programs through The Joint Commission. Furthermore, many agencies trust JCAHO to deliver quality oversight. The oversight from The Joint Commission paired with compliance from the surveyed organization results in accreditation, licensing, certification, or contracts from other state agencies (The Joint Commission, 2013).
Process for Accreditation, Certification, and Authorization
The process for accreditation starts with seven steps. In the first step, The Joint Commission ensures that the agency is compliant with its state standards. This means the agency must fulfill the licensing requirements for the state it is in. The second step is to ensure the agency is servicing a minimum of 10 patients within 12 months. Additionally, the agency must be actively servicing at least two patients at the time of the on-site survey. In the third step, The Joint Commission administers access to the agency. This access lets the agency review state standards, review quality standards, and contact a representative from JCAHO when needed. The fourth step is to review the application. The Joint Commission will house the agency’s application online with a user name and password system. The fifth step sets up the survey. The Joint Commission ensures the agency pays the nonrefundable $1700 deposit. Furthermore, the agency must provide a realistic date within the following 12 months that a surveyor may come and “survey” the agency. In the sixth step, The Joint Commission assigns an account executive to review the agency’s documents. Moreover, this executive serves as the primary contact throughout the rest of the process. The final step is the on-site survey. The Joint Commission sends a representative out to the agency’s site to survey appropriate sections and materials. Those seven steps are the process for an agency to become accredited. The process is slightly longer for those agencies requesting accreditation for Medicare certification. After all steps are complete and satisfactory, The Joint Commission issues the agency a letter of accreditation, a certificate of accreditation, and the “Golden Seal” of approval.
Conclusion
Consumers want to receive the highest quality of care. To accomplish this, The Joint Commission offers a process to help health care agencies deliver quality care. The accreditation process ensures that the health care agency maintains the quality seal. In addition, through the accreditation process, the organization must go through regular assessments to keep up to standards or improve areas of concern. With such an established history and thorough procedures, The Joint Commission delivers a service that consumers can trust.

Reference
Fremgen, B. F. (2012). Medical law and ethics: An interactive look at the decision, dilemmas, and regulations in healthcare practice today (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hassan, D. K. (2006). Measuring performance in health care: The effect of joint commission international standards on quality performance. Walden University. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304937308?accountid=35812. (304937308).
The Joint Commission. (2013). History of the Joint Commission. Retrieved from http://www.jointcommission.org/about_us/history.aspx

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