...level of drug use down. Several key components are involved in policing to evaluate the police policy/strategy being utilized: inputs, activities, outputs, objective outcomes, and subjective outcomes. Police resources/inputs were allocated and applied in City X through police activities to test policy evaluation of directed policing on street corner drug sales to reduce to amount of drug use. The policing activities consisted of directed police efforts collaborating undercover officers making drug purchases, while uniformed officers continued to sweep the same known hotspots of street corner drug sales. These actions account for a large portion of arrests for possession of drugs, in City X a portion of these offenders are then forced to show their innocence in court. The outputs resulting increased arrest rates and increased conviction of possession of drugs. With the influx of convicted offenders the rate of drug use in City X declined throughout the course of directed policing efforts, which concludes the objective outcome of this police policy. In turn the subjective outcomes elate to increased citizen satisfaction and less citizen fear of crime are meet by this policy. The evaluation of the policing policy in City X in broken down into three distinct categories: effectiveness, efficiency, and equitability. More concepts are explored in policy evaluation than the rate of drug use being on a downward trend....
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...• THE FIRST PREVENTIVE PATROL TOOK PLACE IN KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI IN 1972-1973. • THE KANSAS CITY PREVENTIVE PATROL EXPERIMENT PROVED TO MAKE NO GENERAL IMPACT ON CRIME, HOWEVER RESULTING FROM THE KANSAS CITY EXPERIMENT A FOCUSED PREVENTIVE PATROL HAS SHOWN A GREATER IMPACT OFTEN CALLED “HOT SPOT” POLICING. • PREVENTIVE PATROL IS THE INCREASED PRESENTS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT BY PATROLLING REGULARLY, WALKING THE STREETS, TO GIVE THE COMMUNITY A SENSE OF SECURITY AND CONSTANT INVOLVEMENT. • THIS IS A MEASURE USED BY LAW ENFORCEMENT TO REDUCE POTENTIAL FOR MISCONDUCT BY EXPANDED VISIBILITY. • PREVENTIVE PATROL GIVES SOCIETY ASSURANCE LAW ENFORCEMENT WILL BE THERE WHEN NEEDED AND HELPS TO REDUCE THE FEAR OF CRIME. • THIS IS MOST OFTEN PRACTICED...
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...are many types and styles of policing in police departments across the country. One such type of policing is called the preventative policing style, which attempts to stop crime before it starts by increasing the presence of police in areas of expected crime in order to dissuade individuals from committing a crime. However, there has been research that indicates that preventative policing is not effective from the Kansas City preventative patrol experiment, which tested that preventative policing has not decreased the amount of crime during the time for this experiment. During the Kansas city preventative patrol experiment, there were three experimental areas that were described as reactive, proactive, and control. In the reactive area of this experiment, officers were only present when citizens called for their assistance and police presence was reduced while the proactive area showed more presence from the police. Meanwhile, in the control area, there was a normal level of police presence with no alterations. After...
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...Midterm Exam Lisa Lippincott Excelsior College The Kansas City Gun Experiment in 1992 - 1993 used intensive police patrols directed to an 80-block hotspot area where the homicide rate was 20 times the national average. It represented a unique approach to crime prevention through preventive patrol. Question 1 Is this approach different from traditional patrol? If so how? If not, how is it similar? What did patrol officers in this experiment do that was different from what basic patrol officers do? What was the relationship between the officers in this experiment and other patrol officers? The Kansas City Gun Experiment was a police patrol project that aimed at reducing gun violence, drive-by shootings, and homicides. The purpose of the experiment was to focus on gun crime “hot spots” through problem-solving policing and directed patrol in high-crime areas. The overall goal was to prove that this style of policing would reduce crime by removing guns from the streets and deterrence through aggressive enforcement (Walker & Katz, 2006, p 295) Routine traditional patrol maintained in five beats, which included marked police cars, rapid response to calls, arrests and follow-up investigations. The final five beats involved in the experiment used a proactive patrol approach, increasing patrol to twice the norm. The extra officers worked from 7:00 pm to 1:00 am, seven days/week during the hours when the most gun-related crimes occur. Police officers assigned to the experimental...
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...In 1972 Kansas City PD began the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment. The experiment involved dividing patrol division into three, five beat areas. Five beats in a “reactive area, this would be areas they did not patrol but responded to calls for service in those areas only. Next, was the five beats known as the “control” areas, these five beats would be normal patrol activity. And lastly was the five beats known as “proactive” beats. This beats saw two to three times the typical number of patrol officers working in those areas(Kelling,Pate,Dieckman and Brown, 1974). The purpose for this experiment was to see if directed patrols would make a difference in the crime in these areas. In modern ages of technology, crime mapping and other...
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...Police Functions Paper Keith Rucker CJS/210 2/26/12 William Judd Police Functions Paper According to The American System of justice, Policing has three main functions maintaining order in society, Law Enforcement, and provide service. Police has a mandate to keep the peace or to prevent bad behaviors that which disturb others. This can range from a person playing loud music to an all out fight, the police is usually on call to handle these types of situations and have the authority to deal with these matters committed under the law. Law Enforcement uses his powers in cases where there has been a violation of the law and the criminal must be apprehended. Such as a robbery, murder, house break-ins, drug violators, and burglary. Services can include giving first aid providing needed information to citizens and tourist. Getting the disoriented a lost person, back home out of harm’s way. The police can be an educator, assisting schools or teaching topics on how to prevent drug use. Some studies showed that 80% of call did not involve crimes. Because police agencies usually on call year round 24 hours a day people call the police when they are upset about something, police may include roadside service for some one’s car. Finding a lost dog or cat or checking locks on vacation homes. Federal police has full authority given to them under United States Code. They operate at the highest level in policing the FBI Police. The can go anywhere in the nation to enforce law. ...
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...The Purpose and Effectiveness of Police Patrols To begin studying this topic I’d like to provide a brief definition of a patrol officer. In law enforcement, patrol officers are uniformed police officers assigned to patrol specified geographic areas. They are the officers most commonly encountered by the public. Their duties include responding to calls for service, making arrests, resolving disputes, taking crime reports, and conducting traffic enforcement, and other crime prevention measures. The patrol officer is the first on the scene to arrive. What they do or fail to do at the scene can greatly influence the outcome of an investigation. The patrol officer, as the person daily in the field, is closest to potential crime and oftentimes has probably developed contacts that can provide information that may assist in solving the crime. The general purpose of police patrols whether on foot, bicycle, horseback or motor vehicle is to have a visible presence in the community, maintain public order and a sense of security in the community, build relationships with citizens and business owners, and deter crime especially in trouble spots. The basic activities of these patrols are divided into four different categories. Preventive Patrol – By maintaining a presence in a community patrol officers prevent crime from occurring. This usually accounts for about 40% of the officer’s time. Calls For Service – This is when officers are responding to 911 calls for emergency service, or...
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...Patrol accounts for the biggest portion of police work in most police agencies. The terms “patrolling” and ”on patrol” generally refer to what officers do while not handling calls for service—officers do this mostly in patrol cars, but sometimes on foot, on bicycles, on horseback, or the like. While on patrol, officers may look for traffic violations, suspicious behavior, disorder, and unsafe conditions. They may also look for opportunities to interact with the public in casual or more formal situations. This is all considered patrolling. The time that police officers spend handling calls for service is also considered part of patrol work. Officers on patrol respond to calls, take reports, quell disturbances, and so forth. The combination of these two sets of activities—patrolling and handling calls—occupy most of the time of patrol officers, who in turn represent most of the personnel in the typical police department. Thus, patrol is the main business of policing. We closely associate the term ”patrol” with the police today. New police officers are usually assigned to patrol duties and are often called patrol officers. The largest unit in most police departments is the patrol division; in small police departments, everyone patrols. When we call for police assistance, whether for an emergency, to report a crime, to quiet a disturbance, or to request some type of routine service, a patrol officer is typically dispatched. When we encounter the police in that most ubiquitous...
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...Roxanne H. David,Cheryl Rose S. Topic: POLICE PATROL I. Definition of Police Patrol II. Goals and objectives of Police Patrol III. Purpose and Importance of Police Patrol IV. Different methods of Patrol V. Effectiveness of Police Patrol in the Community VI. Conclusion I. Definition of Police Patrol -According to the microsoft.com/2002/06/27/microsoft-encarta-reference-library-2003 the following are definition of Patrol/Police Patrol. Patrol may refer to the regular tour made by a guard in a place in order to protect it or to maintain order. Patrol could mean a person or a group (such as a police or military unit) sent to carry out a tour of duty in a certain place with a particular mission either for reconnaissance purposes or simply to provide protection (PATROL is the backbone of the police department.the proof of this statement is that patrol force is the only division in the police organization that cannot be eliminated) II. Goals and Objectives of Police Patrol The following Goals and Objectives of Police Patrol are from the reference of Mrs.Elaine U. Bayag-O.The primary goals and objective of police patrol are, maintaining order protecting life and property. These are among the basic roles of government and government hires the police to perform these activities. 1. Preventing Crimes- Police attempt to prevent crime by trying to create a sense of omnipresence through routine patrol. 2. Arresting and prosecuting offenders-...
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...Running Head: ASYNCHRONOUS ASSIGNMENT Review Questions and Answers Deborah Brice Intro to Law Enforcement Professor Nichols April 18, 2012 Certification of Authorship: I or certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas, words, either quotes directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me especially for this course. 1) How is the patrol function affected by the officer’s shift assignment and the nature of the beat to which he or she is assigned? The patrol function is affected because of the hours of being bore. Police become bored around two and three o’clock. They use this time to stay alert by chatting with other officers and drinking coffee. 2) What are some of the occupational hazards that are inherent in beat patrol? What does H.R. 218 permit? Police officers losing their lives in the line of duty because, of not knowing what to expect from emergency calls and even a non-emergency calls. They don’t know if the person whom they are about to confront is armed, on drugs, or plan to get revenge on a police officer because of personal issues in the past. H.R. 218 permits qualified police officers from carrying a concealed weapon with the exceptional of officers who’ve retired and have at least fifteen years of service experience (Law Enforcement...
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...August Vollmer 8. The community era of policing began in the year: (pg. 101) * 1968 9. The third era in American policing, the ____, may have started with several government initiatives, including the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act. (pg. 101) * Community era 10. Attempting to stop crimes before they are committed is a form of ____ policing. (pg. 101) * Proactive strategies / community policing 11. What was the major drawback of the reform era? (pg. 100) * Relations with the community suffered/ the civil rights movement intensified feelings of helplessness and impoverishment in African American communities. These frustrations resulted in civil unrest and many American cities experienced race riots in the...
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...arrangements, processes and resources for the performance of the policeman’s main functions. Police Operations encompass a wide range of activities, particularly patrol and traffic operations, implementation of special laws, command and control, civil disturbance, disaster management, terrorism, deployment of troops, internal security operations and community-oriented policing, with due regard to human rights. Police Patrol has always been the backbone of protecting the public, and as far back as society had begun to get organized into groups and communities, mankind has always had people to patrol, to show a strong presence, as well as be on the look-out for danger at all levels, and then be able to respond. And if it wasn't for the Police patrolling your neighborhood, your local community and even your entire city, then the little world that you live in, would become Survival Of The Fittest. We must tell you that in all the world of defense, police patrol is the best way for the police to defend us. High police visibility discourages criminals. Normally, criminals think twice before executing their plans if there is obvious presence of police officers. Thus, patrol activity should be carried in a manner that attracts maximum attention to the police officer or police vehicles. The general goals of the police patrol force are protection of life and property, preservation of peace and order, prevention of crime, suppression of criminal activities, apprehension of criminals, enforcement...
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...U.S. Department of Justice DE PA ME RT NT OF J US CE TI Bureau of Justice Assistance IJ J O F OJJ D P B RO J US T I C E P Bureau of Justice Assistance Understanding Community Policing A Framework for Action MONOGRAPH S G OVC RA MS Office of Justice Programs N BJ A C E I OF F Bureau of Justice Assistance Understanding Community Policing A Framework for Action MONOGRAPH August 1994 NCJ 148457 Bureau of Justice Assistance This document was prepared by the Community Policing Consortium, supported by grant number 93–DD–CX–K005, awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Bureau of Justice Assistance Response Center 633 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20531 800–421–6770 The Bureau of Justice Assistance is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Office for Victims of Crime. ii Monograph Acknowledgments The Bureau of Justice Assistance wishes to thank Stephen J. Gaffigan, Director of Operations, Community Policing Consortium for supervising and coordinating the preparation of this document with the Consortium Management...
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...U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services Reducing Fear of Crime Strategies for Police Gary Cordner Reducing Fear of Crime Strategies for Police Gary Cordner Kutztown University January 2010 This project was supported by Grant Number 2003-CK-WX-K049 awarded by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions contained herein are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific agencies, companies, products, or services should not be considered an endorsement by the authors or the U.S. Department of Justice. Rather, the references are illustrations to supplement discussion of the issues. The Internet references cited in this publication were valid as of July 2009. Given that URLs and web sites are in constant flux, neither the authors nor the COPS Office can vouch for their current validity. Letter from the Director Dear Colleagues, Fear of crime has an incredibly corrosive effect on individuals and entire communities. This issue is of great concern to all of us in law enforcement. Fear negatively shapes all aspects of the quality of life of America’s communities. The COPS Office recognizes that people not only need to be safe, but they also need to feel safe. Treating both of these issues as two parts of a greater whole is a critical aspect of community policing. That...
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...Appendix A: References Appendix B: The PERF Technology Needs Assessment Survey Appendix C: Survey Technology Term Definitions Appendix D: Responding Agencies (PERF Survey) Appendix E: Supplementary Survey Tables Appendix F: List of Workshop Attendees 74-79 80-91 92-98 99-102 103-124 125-127 2 Technology and Law Enforcement: Future Technologies to Address the Operational Needs of Law Enforcement EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background The effects of technology can be seen in almost all aspects of modern life, and law enforcement is no exception. The field of law enforcement has been altered by technology in many important ways. One need only consider that the primary police strategy of the latter part of the 20th Century—motorized preventive patrol and rapid response to calls for service—was developed in response to the invention of the automobile and two-way...
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