...language without hesitation and later talks about use of grammatically and phonologically correct language. Alwright (1994) considers it ‘learn by doing approach’ in teaching whereteacher and students both are involved. Speaking takes place in the presence of listener because listener responds to the speaker’s communication. As Byrne (1986) defines, “Oral communication is a two way process between the speaker and the listener and involves the productive skills of speaking and the receptive skills of understanding”. It is considered to be helpful in improving learning as Staab (1992) states, “I believe that oral language is important not only as a vital communication tool that empowers us in our daily lives but also as a valuable way to learn” (7). He considers listening and speaking as oral communication skills. As hestates, “oral communication skills mean both speaking and listening to oral language, both talking and listening are lifelong activities and probably our most important communication tool” (p.6). Both are integrated skills and supports in developing each other. As (Brown, 1994), also asserts that the integration of listening and speaking skills is termed as oral communication skills because listening can be developed indirectly by integrating it to speaking. The literature states that communication is an exchange of ideas between people either orally or in writing. It is also an exchange of meaning and understanding. Meaning is central to communication. Rahman (2010) considers...
Words: 1566 - Pages: 7
... Briefly describe your like or dislike (one to two (1-2) sentences). My dislike is pubic speaking; it has been a very difficult thing to do throughout my entre life. Public speaking is some what terrifying to me and I would try to run the other way every time. Describe the subfield (e.g., cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, psychoanalytic psychology, etc.) you believe is best suited for providing psychological insight into your preference (the fact that you like or dislike the thing you do) and why you believe it is so. I would choose Experimental psychology for my subfield. I believe it would relate to my fear of public speaking. The Experimental psychology is pertaining to all basic psychological process including perception, learning and motivation. My main fear of public speaking is based of the perception of others. And all I can think at the time is what they think of me and what I am saying. The learning part would be based of the passed my childhood. I could of learned the to fear public speaking due to other around me fearing it as well. And the motivational peace of it could come from no one acutely motivating me and teaching me how not to fear public speaking. Discuss how biological bases of behavior (including sensation and perception) have contributed to your preference. The biological bases of the behavior of my public speaking issues are of so many different factors. I believe it starts first in my brain and how it takes in the...
Words: 865 - Pages: 4
...Public Speaking- is the process of speaking to a group of people in a structured, deliberate manner intended to inform, influence, or entertain the listeners. It is closely allied to "presenting", although the latter has more of a commercial connotation. In public speaking, as in any form of communication, there are five basic elements, often expressed as "who is saying what to whom using what medium with what effects?" The purpose of public speaking can range from simply transmitting information, to motivating people to act, to simply telling a story. Good orators should be able to change the emotions of their listeners, not just inform them. Public speaking can also be considered a discourse community .Interpersonal communication and public speaking have several components that embrace such things as motivational speaking, leadership/personal development, business, customer service, large group communication, and mass communication. Public speaking can be a powerful tool to use for purposes such as motivation, influence, persuasion, informing, translation, or simply entertaining. A confident speaker is more likely to use this as excitement and create effective speech thus increasing their overall ethos. The importance of public speaking * By learning how to effectively speak in public, you'll be able to increase your own self-confidence. Since public speaking is one of the most prevalent fears in the western world, by enabling yourself to master this difficult skill...
Words: 773 - Pages: 4
...COPING WITH PUBLIC SPEAKING ANXIETY Moira Kostić-Bobanović, Ph.D. Head of department of foreign languages Faculty of Economics and Tourism, Preradovićeva 1, 52100 Pula Marša Bobanović University of Zagreb Student of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Zagreb e-mail: moira.bobanovic@efpu.hr Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the teaching of affective strategies helps students’ reduce their public speaking anxiety. We used the questionnaire Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety (PRPSA) developed by McCroskey (1970; 1992) in order to determine the level of anxiety that a student experiences while holding a speech. At the beginning of the semester, the students were asked to fill out the questionnaire by approximating the level of distress that they experience while holding a public presentation. After the teaching of affective strategies at the end of the semester, the students were given the same questionnaire, with the above described instructions. The results of the study indicate that the students experienced significantly less anxiety after they had been taught how to manage their distress, by means of affective strategies. The implication for future research on assessment and amelioration of public speaking anxiety are considered. Key words: speaking anxiety, affective strategies, public speaking 1. INTRODUCTION Anxiety is defined as a state of uneasiness and apprehension or fear caused by the anticipation...
Words: 2097 - Pages: 9
...As I read “Becoming a Learner” by Matthew L. Sanders, I realized that at this moment in time, I am a student, but not necessarily a learner. This book has brought to my attention many things that I should be doing, but am not. Since it’s the beginning of a new semester and a new year, I figured that there is no better time to set some new goals than right now. I want to become a better learner. I plan on doing this by focusing on new qualities taught through the process of college, becoming more active in my learning process, and by working on being a more courageous and humble learner. My first goal is to focus on qualities taught through the learning process. Sometimes projects, assignments, or even classes themselves seem unnecessary. For...
Words: 495 - Pages: 2
...The picked profession I am looking for is that of a Project Manager and a Project Manager is an expert in the field of overseeing activities regardless of the subtle element or the measure of the venture. Venture Managers normally plan, facilitate, plan and manage ventures from ahead of schedule advancement to last culmination and hold the obligation of task fruitions, commonly in the development business. (Measurements, 2012-13) One of Project Managers obligations may include the organizing of the distinctive exchanges to achieve a sensible culmination date and they additionally work principally as a contact in the middle of customer and the general foreman. As a Project Manager in the electrical field one has to have the experience and knowledge of electricity. Basic skills of construction and the ability to read and understand blue prints is a must. Since the electrical field of construction is so vast one may decide to choose one particular entity and mange that project. Such areas would be for example Lighting, Controls, High Power and Communication just to speak of a few areas in the field. Now one can just visualize the complexity projects can be and to why technical writing will be a valuable resource. The legal environment of business will be a great asset for my career. Being in the blue collar world of the work place industry most of my adult life I decided it is time for a change. In order to enter the white collar side of business I need the knowledge of the business...
Words: 1085 - Pages: 5
...teachers learn ways to communicate with the students, as well as their families at home and in the classrooms. The increase of ELL's is putting added stress and pressure on the educational systems and the teachers are forced to train themselves to accommodate for the students and their families. Integrating new programs to accommodate the ELL's in the school can be very challenging not only for the school and the teacher but for the learner and their family as well. It is difficult to teach a non-English speaking student English when they have not yet mastered their own native language. How well the student knows their native language has a huge impact on how well they will learn a new one. Learning a new language can also be difficult because of the slang words and figurative language that we all use everyday. It is challenging for schools to create and teach a curriculum that fit the needs and standards of the ELL 's. We as teachers, need to pay attention to the needs and learning styles of our students and incorporate successful techniques and strategies that have been proven be efficient and successful in language accommodation in other classrooms. As most teachers begin to modify their curriculum they will find that it is easier to...
Words: 949 - Pages: 4
...My experience as an electrician gives me the knowledge, but learning management skills through my courses at JIU will give me the tools I need to succeed. The fact of changing field of work would require a total different skill set and I do believe my choice in degrees will provide that transition. Plotting the course to a future filled with security and longevity has its questions. The first question that comes to mind is; in my future would a degree in college be worthy for advancement in my career? With that being answered rapidly, I decided to enroll in a degree in business with emphasis in project management. Discussing the question of how the degree I have chosen will help me has many other questions before it. Like, can I use this chosen degree in other fields other than my current field of trade and will this degree be versatile in the workforce? History of Business is one of many courses that prove worthy to indulge in. Through the objectives in the path to complete, the course thoroughly breaks down the history of business in many markets. Learning the structure of today’s businesses they were form and refined from the businesses of yesteryear and with that knowledge it will allow me to become more versatile in today’s business world. The chosen career I am seeking after my degree at JIU is that of a Project Manager and a Project Manager is a professional in the field of managing projects no matter the detail or the size of the project.. Project Managers...
Words: 1325 - Pages: 6
...instrument of thought. Thinking, learning, and language are interrelated. Language is governed by rules and systems (language conventions) which are used to explore and communicate meaning. It defines culture which is essential in understanding oneself (personal identity), forming interpersonal relationships (socialization), extending experiences, reflecting on thought and action, and contributing to a better society. Language, therefore, is central to the peoples’ intellectual, social and emotional development and has an essential role in all key learning areas1. Language is the foundation of all human relationships. All human relationships are established on the ability of people to communicate effectively with each other. Our thoughts, values and understandings are developed and expressed through language. This process allows students to understand better the world in which they live and contributes to the development of their personal perspectives of the global community. People use language to make sense of and bring order to their world. Therefore, proficiency in the language enables people to access, process and keep abreast of information, to engage with the wider and more diverse communities, and to learn about the role of language in their own lives, and in their own and other cultures. II. GUIDING PRINCIPLES The K-12 Language Arts and Multiliteracies Curriculum is anchored on the following language acquisition, learning, teaching and assessing principles...
Words: 9662 - Pages: 39
...[pic] Dear Educator, Thank you for your interest in the change, growth and empowerment of Native Youth Education. This curriculum was developed specifically for educators in the state of Maine’s public high schools who wish to use this guide as a tool to improve Native Youth Education. NEG (Native Education Guide) provides lesson ideas and examples that support current lesson structures as well as implementing a culturally appropriate material for the Native Student. While many Native Education curriculums exist, NEG is designed to adapt to the block scheduling of the Public High School in Maine. This curriculum recognizes the appropriate education material needed for its intended audience, which focuses on the tribes of Maine whose youth attend Public High School. NEG aims to provide its learners with a set of educational experiences that encourages empowerment and positive Native identity through community education. Native Education is the study of the human, tribal, environmental, historical and social experience of the Natives of Maine. Native Education is very complex with a lot of variables such as time, space, place and the students; NEG therefore focuses on a number of messages: - Community Building - Seventh Generation Sustainability, Economics and Ecology - School Education Policies and Institutions (Boarding Schools to Current Education Models) - Colonization and the “White Expansion” - Cultural Appropriation - Native Ritual, Ceremonies...
Words: 13183 - Pages: 53
...I. INTRODUCTION The role of curriculum in educating the students is a dynamic process that seeks to cope with the changes in our society. Understanding the traditional and emerging concepts of curriculum as well as the factors that affect its development will guide the educators to respond to the needs of the learners. In planning, constructing and evaluating a curriculum, educators and curriculum practitioners may use one or more approaches. The contrasting approaches that are generally used in curriculum development are Technical/Scientific Approach and Non-technical/Non-scientific Approach. In scrutinizing these approaches, the advantages and disadvantages are revealed and the differences they generate in creating a curriculum. According to Bago (2008), information about personal and collective commitments to a particular viewpoint and the values considered important by individuals, school, and society are exposed when examining an approach. Curriculum can also be designed based on a particular context. It solely depends upon the elements namely: contemplation of aims, projected learning outcomes, syllabus, learning and teaching methods, and assessment. There are three common patterns to design a curriculum: through subject – centered, experience – centered, and problem – centered. These are incorporated into the curriculum by looking into its possible effects to the certain elements mentioned above. A design that addresses to the conceptual framework of science education...
Words: 3312 - Pages: 14
...A. INTRODUCTION 1. Background of the Research Why Filipinos Have a Hard Time Speaking English? In the Philippines, the English Language has been selling like an old flavor of ice-cream and has been served repeatedly to millions of students in all the schools for the past decades. Most of us actually have tried this 'ice cream' but not everyone had liked it. These schools though, exerted a conscious effort on how to smoothly deliver this subject matter to every student. Like ice-cream makers, public schools claim that they have already mastered this overwhelming 'ice-cream-making' process. While private schools brag that theirs is 'yummier', since they are now putting some 'cherries on top'. But after all, why still most of the Filipinos can't speak English better or they having a hard time on it? 2. Statement of the Problem Speaking in English is not our lingua franca (mother tongue). It means that English is not our first language. And we, Filipinos find it difficult to speak English during a certain speech in a formal gathering or those students who have this English Zone Policy in their respective school, colleges, and states/universities. There are lots of Filipinos who are not that good in speaking in English and are trying hard to express themselves in English. I recognize that learning to speak and write in English in this age of globalization is necessary especially if we would like to be able to compete in the knowledge-based world. Such training...
Words: 624 - Pages: 3
... Background Nowadays, many English courses places are available anywhere in regions. The ones who want to enhance their English speaking ability are provided by so many facilities in which they can learn from. The big number of members in the public courses is one the proof that teenagers or even children are having a big desire to be able to speak English. However, though so many English courses are provided it doesn’t means that people will directly have any confidentiality to join and speak. You can see also that actually English materials in classrooms do not meet their needs in learning English since students still seek for other places to learn English more. Most of students learning English in the classroom are always passively involved in its learning process. They mostly give their silence in the class like never asking the teacher though they do not understand. Worse than that, many teachers also do not care toward their students’ improvement in speaking English. What they need is just coming to the class, giving the lesson, discussing it (no matter if the students got that or not), and sometimes giving them homework; THAT’S ALL. The researcher finally finds a community where the students are forced to speak English more. Why do adults have difficulty in learning English? Because from the children ages, interest and motivation of speaking English were never be cultivated on them. Another reason is that the lack of English educational materials taught to them. The...
Words: 592 - Pages: 3
...lady. After watching, I find connection between the movies and myself in terms of language learning experience. This writing will reflect on two chief issues that are methods of phonetic and phonological training and the relationship between phonetic teacher and learners. Regarding to methods involving phonetic and phonological training, there are many methods applied during learning process, I am going to focus on two teaching methods used are drilling, and putting marbles in mouth. For the first method, Eliza is forced to stay lonely in a room and enunciate vowels unremittingly. “You simply cannot go on working the girl this way. Making her say her alphabet over and over ... from sunup to sundown, even during meals.”, Mrs. Pearce (the housekeeper) says. It is worth noting that Higgins does not guide Eliza the way how to enunciate vowels but wholly neglects her untill her correct pronunciation. The housekeeper: “…When will it stop?” Henry Higgins: “When she does it properly, of course. Is that all, Mrs. Pearce?” The result is that Eliza is frastrated. She can not produce the sound in the right way. Turning to the second method, Higgins puts six marbles in Eliza’s mouth to make her say the sentence “With blackest moss, the flower pots were thickly crusted, one and all.” clearly “as a bell”. Because he supposes that Demosthenes practised with pebbles and became a public speaking expert, thereby, this method is necessary for Eliza. “If they were necessary for Demosthenes...
Words: 617 - Pages: 3
...individual who comes from a home environment where a language other than English is spoken in the home; or an individual who is an American Indian or Alaskan native and who comes from an environment where a language other than English has had a significant impact on his or her level of English language proficiency; and who, by reason thereof, has sufficient difficulty speaking, reading, writing, or listening to the English language to deny such individual the opportunity to learn successfully in classrooms where the language of instruction is English” (Florida Department of Education, 2007.Pp.1). Individual states have a process for initial identification in order to determine affiliation of linguistic minority students, assess their English language efficiency level using an English Language Proficiency assessment, screener, or placement test (National Research Council of the National Academies, 2011). Florida is one of four states to use and English Language Proficiency (ELP) assessment as an initial identifier for ELLs (National Research Council of the National Academies, 2011). According to Florida State rule public school students are surveyed upon...
Words: 990 - Pages: 4
