Justice is the corner stone of any human civilization, across all nations, all languages, all historical development, all cultural background, and all social groups. Even though human exercises of justice always involve subjective judgment, most people believe that there would be ultimate objective justice in this world. In fact, in any human society, people always ascribe the absoluteness of justice which is free of subjective relativity to divine authority, even if the society is dominated by atheist materialist culture. This is because mankind could only acquire absolute authority from supernatural or divine power superior to all human power. As a result, divine justice has been the foundation of all human justice in this world.
Besides the divine justice, there are another two general categories of justice: natural justice and social justice. By natural justice I am referring to the application of natural logic or knowledge when exercising justice. For example, we all know that forcing people to work under dangerous environment or poor conditions could be harmful to them, or cutting a person with knife could kill him. This kind of common knowledge could be accepted among people without any modern scientific education when making judgment about justice.
The last major category of justice is the social justice, i.e. the exercise of justice based on various cultural values, human experiences and personal interests. In reality, the process of exercising justice would normally be a combination of all three major categories mentioned above, and thus divine justice, natural justice and social justice are three different factors in a holistic process of exercising justice. Even though divine justice and natural justice are more fundamental in any justice process, human efforts are mainly involved in the factor of social justice, and fairness is always a central concern in any social justice.
Normally people would not relate cheating with fairness because the former is evil by nature and the latter is just by nature. However, if we take a close look at most cheating processes happened in the past, we might find that fairness has been frequently used as an excuse to cheat or even to defend the action of cheating. So much often the cheater would induce the victim to fall into the preset trap voluntarily so that even if later on the victim could realize that he/she had been cheated, the cheater would claim what happened was a fair deal. Unveiling the tricky relationship between cheating and fairness could help to provide an in depth understanding of how cheating operates in our life, and thus help ordinary people to fight against cheating more efficiently.
In Chapter 2 we have seen the similarity between real life and games. In this Chapter we would investigate a particular real life activity that is closest to games in terms of rules and the principle of fairness, which is trading. Like in games, trading would normally require clear rules and high standard of fairness.
Should we live for today or for tomorrow? This is a question that might sound simple but hard to get a clear answer. The deceptive feature of the issue is that since tomorrow has not come yet, we might just give a happy answer that we live for both today and tomorrow. But in fact, this might not be a good answer practically as it might sound charismatically. This is because on one hand the consumption of resources including time for today might not be easily make up after today, but on the other hand the prosperity of tomorrow would also depend on the productivity of today, which would demand some consumption of resources.
Therefore, the question becomes a logically complicated issue of fairness between today and tomorrow, and some profound philosophical thinking is warranted in order to acquire a better solution to the question. Throughout human history, enormous man-made disasters were caused by erroneous treatment of current expenses and future interests. Two commonly known related issues are the issue of profitability and the issue of risk Fairness is the ultimate demand of human beings all over the world, but ironically life is ultimately unfair all over our globe. We are living in a naturally and socially uneven world. Not only are the resources distributed unevenly on the earth, but also are the access rights to the resources severely unequal among people in different social classes. As a result, our demand of fairness is constantly denied, individually and collectively, for various reasons all through our life. Therefore, the significance of fairness upon our civilization could be fully appreciated only if we have a better knowledge of how fairness is denied in our everyday life.
It is quite fair to say that human history is a history of the dynamic interaction between demand and denial of fairness in all levels of the society. In this Chapter we will examine the social impact of this dynamic interaction on human civilization from a few different social perspectives.

Mary Bernadette M. Velasquez
III-NARRA

Mary Bernadette M. Velasquez
III-NARRA
Mrs. D. Ladignon Mrs. D. Ladignon T.L.E TECHER T.L.E TECHER

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