...The Relationship between Critical Thinking and Ethics Introduction Critical thinking is essential to the success of every human activity, the quality of what we do in our daily lives depend on the effectiveness of our thought, morally or immorally. Critical Thinking "Critical thinking is the use of those cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome. It is used to describe thinking that is purposeful, reasoned and goal directed - the kind of thinking involved in solving problems, formulating inferences, calculating likelihoods, and making decisions when the thinker is using skills that are thoughtful and effective for the particular context and type of thinking task. Critical thinking also involves evaluating the thinking process – the reasoning that went into the conclusion we've arrived at the kinds of factors considered in making a decision. Critical thinking is sometimes called directed thinking because it focuses on a desired outcome." Halpern, Diane F. Thought and Knowledge: An Introduction to Critical Thinking. 1996. Critical thinking occurs when individuals are allowed to analyze and evaluates evidence, argument, claim and beliefs of their task and draw conclusions. Critical thinking is what enhances our thoughts in the decision making process. * Ethics Richard William Paul and Linda Elder define ethics as "a set of concepts and principles that guide us in determining what behavior helps or harms sentient creatures"...
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...Critical thinking... Please wait while I try to put into words what this means, while I contemplate the affect and possible consequences my words might have on my peers and my grade for this forum. I am just kidding! Critical thinking to me is thinking outside of the box, not what is in it the "norm", to have an open mind and try to view yourself from the outside looking in, instead of from the inside looking out. Although I may not agree with everything he says, or even his views, I do agree with what President Obama said in his speech to the Hispanic Chambers of Commerce. "And I'm calling on our nation's governors and state education chiefs to develop standards and assessments that don't simply measure whether students can fill in a bubble on a test, but whether they possess 21st century skills like problem-solving and critical thinking and entrepreneurship and creativity." (Obama) I couldn't agree with this more. In my opinion these standardized tests cannot truly demonstrate how intelligent a person is. Anyone with a little dedication can study for a test and pass it. However, not everyone can look at a problem and try to find a solution without being biased; this is true talent and a sign of intelligence. For example, my boss has many letters after her name. She is academically accomplished with the several degrees she’s accumulated throughout the years. Are those letters supposed to make her a better leader than someone who doesn't? With all her education, she...
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...Critical Thinking Evangelina Villela GEN200 February 11, 2015 Critical Thinking Critical Thinking is a learned skill developed by broadening your viewpoints through clear thinking. It is the process of evaluating issues to form rational, open-minded conclusions to solve problems better. A psychologist named Benjamin Bloom named six levels of thinking. He called them a taxonomy of educational objectives (Ellis & Toft, 2015). The six levels are Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating are the six levels in the critical thinking process. Emotions from the loss of my daughter have affected me and my decision-making process. As a professional in the United States Army, I had to evaluate this life changing event to determine whether to continue my tenure or retire. I could no longer accept the responsibility of teaching, coaching, and mentoring young Soldiers to become future leaders and better citizens of society. Remembering is the process of recognizing or recalling key terms, facts, or events that you have experienced in the past. This step can be used to grasp an understanding and identifying the central issue of what is being communicated. Upon finding the topic, determining the point is the next step. The issue is the question in which the author asks and answers. Applying this step can help you draw factual information to reach an answer or conclusion in evaluating your ideas, and obtain the knowledge of what is communicated. Remembering...
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...it is the student’s own work that is has not, in whole or part, been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from other resources it has been properly acknowledged in accordance with the University’s Regulations regarding Cheating and Plagiarism. Tutor’s Comments: GRADE AWARDED: Task 1 On Critical Thinking: A Brief Explanation and Its Importance on Education Name: Muhammad Septian Wicaksono Student Number: 339858 Date: 23 September 2013 Words count: 513 For a long time, people have always believed that the world is anything but round. It was Aristotle who finally came with a theory of spherical shape of Earth. Aristotle’s conclusion was withdrawn since the shadow of Earth on the Moon during a lunar eclipse is round (Stocks, 2013). It was not easy to come up with such theory which was against a common belief. But, Aristotle came with his critical thinking and proved that the previous theory was wrong. So, what is critical thinking? Paul and Elder (2006, p.4) state that “critical thinking is the art of analyzing and evaluating thinking with a view to improving it”. Many experts believe that critical thinking is very important in education in order to create future leader that according to Barnett (2005 cited in Felix 2012, p.17) is “capable of shaping, changing, and even leading society”. Sanburn (2012) recent survey reported that 40 percent of general population believe that the...
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...Another Brief Conceptualization of Critical Thinking Critical thinking is self-guided, self-disciplined thinking which attempts to reason at the highest level of quality in a fair-minded way. People who think critically consistently attempt to live rationally, reasonably, empathically. They are keenly aware of the inherently flawed nature of human thinking when left unchecked. They strive to diminish the power of their egocentric and sociocentric tendencies. They use the intellectual tools that critical thinking offers – concepts and principles that enable them to analyze, assess, and improve thinking. They work diligently to develop the intellectual virtues of intellectual integrity, intellectual humility, intellectual civility, intellectual empathy, intellectual sense of justice and confidence in reason. They realize that no matter how skilled they are as thinkers, they can always improve their reasoning abilities and they will at times fall prey to mistakes in reasoning, human irrationality, prejudices, biases, distortions, uncritically accepted social rules and taboos, self-interest, and vested interest. They strive to improve the world in whatever ways they can and contribute to a more rational, civilized society. At the same time, they recognize the complexities often inherent in doing so. They avoid thinking simplistically about complicated issues and strive to appropriately consider the rights and needs of relevant others. They recognize the complexities...
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...Microsoft®, Windows®, and Windows NT® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks or their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix® editorial standards and practices. Course Syllabus Course Title: GEN 480 Interdisciplinary Capstone Course BSBM.04-08.BSMB0533A Course Schedule: 04/08/08 to 05/12/08 Required Text: Paul, R., & Elder, L., (2002), Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your professional and personal life. Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall. Paul, R., & Elder, L., (2003), The Miniature guide to understanding the foundations of ethical reasoning, The Foundation for Critical Thinking, Dillon Beach, CA. Ruggiero, V., (2004), Thinking critically about ethical issues 6th edition, Burr Ridge, IL, McGraw-Hill. Electronic Resources: Note: All required text materials can be found on the GEN/480 course page. The page can be accessed through the University of Phoenix Student and Faculty Website at...
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...the Situation •Sales and service revenues have led to budget constraints which add restrictions to project funding. •Both departments are experiencing stress due to limited resources, pressure to cut costs, and expectations to deliver a new product before the end of the year. •Each department head is operating independently and not working together to collaborate as a team. •A lack of trust and respect has developed between the departments heads due to poor communication. •Decisions are being made based mainly on rather than performing formal research and analysis Conclusion The success of “Operation Optimize” is critical to the future success of AcuScan by directly impacting an increase in sales revenue and broadening the company’s customer base and marketing versatility. AcuScan must take immediate action to address concerns of both departments, and guide the project back on track for a successful rollout. At the same time, the company must realize that it will not be able to produce a quality...
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...“Clear thinking requires peace of mind rather than intelligence.” ~Meredith Forder … When it comes to making the right choices in life, mere intelligence will not guarantee the best result. This fact is exemplified by the problems of obesity, anxiety, stress, addictions and depression among highly intelligent people. At Clear Thinking we believe that many of life’s problems can be solved by simply learning how to think clearly—how to keep your mind calm, focused and within your control. Critical thinking...the awakening of the intellect to the study of itself. Critical thinking is a rich concept that has been developing throughout the past 2500 years. The term "critical thinking" has its roots in the mid-late 20th century. We offer here overlapping definitions, together which form a substantive, transdisciplinary conception of critical thinking. Critical Thinking as Defined by the National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking, 1987 A statement by Michael Scriven & Richard Paul, presented at the 8th Annual International Conference on Critical Thinking and Education Reform, Summer 1987. Critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action. In its exemplary form, it is based on universal intellectual values that...
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...What is your view of “Professional Nursing”? Nursing is a profession that has its depth and breadth in meeting different health care needs of the population (American Nurses Association (ANA), 2010). What is it that makes a professional nurse? Is it caring for the patient with compassion and devotion? Based on the interviews conducted among the three categories of staff, it was echoed that professional nursing takes a lot more than just attending to the needs of patients. From a professional perspective, nursing has a complex natural history of identification as a vocation with aspiration of being a profession from a long time (Brown & Libberton, 2007). In the past, the image of a nurse was as clear as, “the nurse is one whose studies give him or her just enough knowledge to follow and apply the decisions taken by the doctor or surgeon” (Gordon, 2000, p.218 cited in Harmer, 2010, p.295). Today, with the diversity of the nursing profession and the extension of the role of the nurse, defining a professional nurse is becoming complex. The identity of nursing is becoming blurred while trying to advance the profession (Harmer, 2010). According to Styles (2005) cited in Allen (2007), the attributes that are expected in professional nursing are higher academic education, a research based specialized body of knowledge, distinct service to society, a code of ethics, autonomy, accountability and authority over work. Be this as it may, the International Labor...
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...Introduction According to philosophers the field of ethics comprises of systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. Dino Lobaton has a definition and states that the"standard definitions of ethics have typically included such phrases as 'the science of the ideal human character' or 'the science of moral duty”. WhereasRichard William Paul and Linda Elder define ethics as "a set of concepts and principles that guide us in determining what behavior helps or harms sentient creatures". Deducing from the line defined by several parties to develop the concept we can come up with a definition for business ethics, it can be defined the yard sticks, criteria and standards that guide behavior in the world ofbusiness. Ethics forms an integral part of day-to-day business transaction, this is because the business transactions are handy in every society and this form the backbone of mutual interdependence and survival. Ethical values and legal principles are usually closely related, Ethics is different from law because it involves no formal sanctions. In some cases, the law mandates unethical conducts and they are not punishable but the state. Unethical behavior or a lack of corporate social responsibility, by comparison, may damage a firm's reputation and make it less appealing to stakeholders.Whenever the topic of business ethics is introduced we can almost always think of the positive side of the topic, e.g. how it will build trust and increase the...
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...Business Ethics versus Military Ethics January 19, 20115 Business Ethics versus Military Ethics "The ultimate basis for ethics is clear: Human behavior has consequences for the welfare of others. We are capable of acting toward others in such a way as to increase or decrease the quality of their lives. We are capable of helping or harming. What is more, we are theoretically capable of understanding when we are doing the one and when the other. This is so because we have the capacity to put ourselves imaginatively in the place of others and recognize how we would be affected if someone were to act toward us as we are acting toward others" (Elder & Paul, 2003). There are many types of ethics and many ways to incorporate practices to enforce ethics as well as punish violators of ethics requirements. Two categories of ethics that are similar yet different are ethics in Corporate America and ethics in the United States Air Force (U.S.A.F.). First, we need to understand what ethics are. Ethics contributes to the learning what is right or wrong. "Doing the right thing is not as straight forward as conveyed in a great deal of business ethics literature"(McNamara, C. 2003, 6). The definition between corporations and the military provides us with a general description of ethics. Are military and corporate ethics different? Business Ethics in Corporate America The Business ethics concept means many things to many different people. It is coming to know what is "right or wrong in...
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...Write a 3500 report on the following…. What is Human Resource management? How selection does happen in the organization? How does assessments happens I the organization? What is the role of HR in assessing the candidates? What are the measures to be taken while selecting and assessing the candidates for organization? 1.1 Human Resource Management: According to Susan M. Heathfield, this is in short referred as HRM. It is responsible for the personnel’s hiring, managing, directing workforce in the association. Sometimes line managers in the organization tend to perform HR Management. Payment, appointing, recital supervision, improvement of the association, security, wellness, remunerations, rousing the worker, communication, management, and instruction etc are to be performed by the Human Resource Management in the Organization. According to Civil Service Branch, December 1995, the success of any organization is fairly based on the HR as it is responsible for the in-taking of the suitable staff, training etc. A HRM is an organization’s deep-routed undertaking of the task depending on the requirement. It is responsible for ingestion of the personnel; develop along with supervising the workforce and present preeminent capability to improve the organization. Their most important task is to manage the personnel and they give out their effort with a better patron renovate and recital oriented ethnicity through prominence staff administration constantly. HRM proposes...
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...Fs 4exploring the curriculum Field Study Episode 1 “THERMOMETER CHECK” Name of FS Student: Langga Neljun S. Course: BESED-English Year & Section: III Resource Teacher: Maria Cristina Sonza Signature: __langss_________________ School: MSU SND You’re Target At the end of this activity, you should be able to describe through your reflection of how the school promotes partnership and dialogue. You’re Map For this process, go through the following steps: | | |observation Report on Interaction | | | |Name: Langga, Neljun S. Year / Course: BSED-III | |School Observed: SND Integrated School___________________________ | |Grade level: First year____________________ Section: A | |Subject Observed: English | | ...
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...THE CRAFTSMANSHIP OF JAMAICAN WOODWORK Submitted May 2, 2010 Amended September 28, 2013 Michaelia Henry ID No. 0210073 M.Arch 1 Course: Critical Theories in Architecture Lecturer: Arch. Jacquiann Lawton Critical Theories in Architecture: Modernity Exploring Research Methodology – Writing Dialectical History Thesis Statement Craftsmanship is the basic human impulse to do a job well for its own sake. It involves Creative Thought, Precision, Apprenticeship, Crafting an Object Well, adhering to The Structure of the Workshop and the Practice of the Intelligent Hand. Contemporary Jamaican Woodcraft is an example of Craftsmanship. Introduction Fashioning furniture, doors, windows and other architectural elements out of timber is an old practice. Before the industrial period, many of these items would be crafted by hand. The effort and care taken to create each piece; seen in the final product. This is one way of romanticizing traditional woodwork. A more cynical view would be to criticize the minor imperfections of these pieces – the uneven pattern created by carving by hand, the lack of perfect symmetry in the manmade spindle form. This cynical view has some validity – if; the priority of making the object is the actualization of perfection. Social commentators like Richard Sennett believe this kind of priority misses the true point of Craftsmanship – the desire to do something well for its own sake. I agree. The actualization of Craftsmanship is not about the making a perfect object...
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...A R T I C L E www.hbr.org The Core Competence of the Corporation by C.K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel Included with this full-text Harvard Business Review article: 1 Article Summary The Idea in Brief—the core idea The Idea in Practice—putting the idea to work 2 The Core Competence of the Corporation 15 Further Reading A list of related materials, with annotations to guide further exploration of the article’s ideas and applications Product 6528 The Core Competence of the Corporation The Idea in Brief The Idea in Practice Diversified giant NEC competed in seemingly disparate businesses—semiconductors, telecommunications, computing, and consumer electronics—and dominated them all. CLARIFY CORE COMPETENCIES How? It considered itself not a collection of strategic business units, but a portfolio of core competencies—the company’s collective knowledge about how to coordinate diverse production skills and technologies. COPYRIGHT © 2003 HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PUBLISHING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NEC used its core competencies to achieve what most companies only attempt: Invent new markets, exploit emerging ones, delight customers with products they hadn’t even imagined—but definitely needed. Think of a diversified company as a tree: the trunk and major limbs as core products, smaller branches as business units, leaves and fruit as end products. Nourishing and stabilizing everything is the root system: core...
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