...I: IntroductionIn what follows I shall develop an institutional analysis of modernity with cultural and epistemological overtones. In so doing, I differ substantially from most current discussions, in which these emphases are reversed. What is modernity? As a first approximation, let us simply say the following: "modernity" refers to modes of social life or organisation which emerged in Europe from about the seventeenth century onwards and which subsequently became more or less worldwide in their influence. This associates modernity with a time period and with an initial geographical location, but for the moment leaves its major characteristics safely stowed away in a black box. Today, in the late twentieth century, it is argued by many, we stand at the opening of a new era, to which the social sciences must respond and which is taking us beyond modernity itself. A dazzling variety of terms has been suggested to refer to this transition, a few of which refer positively to the emergence of a new type of social system (such as the "information society" or the "consumer society") but most of which suggest rather that a -- 2 -- preceding state of affairs is drawing to a close ("post-modernity," "post-modernism," "post-industrial society," "post-capitalism," and so forth). Some of the debates about these matters concentrate mainly upon institutional transformations, particularly those which propose that we are moving from a system based upon the manufacture of material goods to one...
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...Despite the necessity of different states working together in order to make the modern world function, there have been many instances where one country has had almost a totalitarian power over the rest of the world. Wallerstein describes this as a hegemon, and states that these nations, specifically the United States for a period of time, “[dominated] the world economy” and were able to “get their way politically.” Colonialism definitely explains the ways in which hegemony, and the “white race’s superiority” was a prevalent issue at the time, and a great example to show this is the idea of the ‘White Man’s Burden.’ The United States, that was defined as a hegemon, colonized indigenous land and saw it as the white man’s burden to civilize the...
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...Interconnected: History & theory of Network 15 October 2013 The Silk Road: Past and Present Huang 1 Starting from the 2nd century BC, to the end of the 14th century AD, a great trade route stretched from Chang'An in the East and ended at the Mediterranean at Antioch in the West, linking China and the Roman Empire. Ferdinand von Richthofen – a well-‐known German geographer, named it the Silk Road in 1877. The Silk Road has been one of the most important trade routes since the connection between Europe and Asia was established; however, what are the differences between its past and present forms? How can we compare today’s trade network with the ancient one? What makes the new network possible and how can we make it better today? There are some similarities between the old and the new; something...
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...changer—Globalization The term “globalization” is on everyone’s lips nowadays, which is seen to be a new phenomenon in our modern society. However, when talking about its origin, it is surprisingly enough to know it was first employed in the 1930 and was entered in the dictionary in 1951, proving this idea is not new. Generally, globalization focuses on economic aspect with reference to the integrated financial markets. With the presence of free trade in the era of globalization, tangible substances as well as abstract ideas are widespread and interconnected; which has succeed in marking a change in human history. If asked to list two most predictive attributes of its success, I might suggest the hastening pace of technological change and the existence of free trade. Advancement in Internet and transport technology contributes to the escalation of globalization in the past decade. It expands the availability of telecommunication and information; facilitates remote delivery and provides new access and distribution channels; this helps to increase efficiency and cost-effectiveness in conducting economic activity. For example, the use of Internet—Skype, Facetime, Whatsapp etc. makes the world shrink its size as people can simply reach out to people who are miles away. This facilitates growth of economic activities as interaction and connection between people all over the world becomes a lot easier. What’s more, the market liberalization is indeed an important predictor of the success of...
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...Tour of the World Research Paper-India A Business Report on India A business partnership with at global level demands that the country chosen for business must promise the new business with growth, diversification profit. A lot has been said about the countries of the West regarding their age old stable systems and their efficiency at handling business. However, western markets are highly saturated and suffer from several issues, including sanctions, clandestine policies and reduced distribution of power. Newly developed or developing countries, on the other hand, have the potential to not only accommodate a new business in their markets. Amongst the top developing countries in the world, India is considered as one of the fastest developing economies (Thapar, 2002). It is also claimed that setting up a business in this economy is beneficial in terms of growth and profit. Research of information available in the market and the media is required to understand how and why India can be considered as an option of a new market for the purpose of expanding business. India is the seventh largest country in the world, the second most in population levels and the largest democracy in the world. The government system in the country is quasi-federal, which means that it has a bipartisan political system that is based on American federal government as well on the Westminster system of the United Kingdom which has followed a two house system. The states have their own...
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...Christianity, and Islam spread across the world, and why are they practiced so far from their origins? Question 2. How did these three major world religions change and adapt to diverse cultural circumstances? Question 3. Why did Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam emerge when and where they did? Question 4. How did Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam interact with, provide justification for, and conflict with various states and empires in Afro-Eurasia? The Big Picture How is this topic related to Increasing Integration? As Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam spread across the borders and frontiers of Afro-Eurasia, they integrated diverse peoples by means of a common religion. How is this topic related to Proliferating Difference? The spread of Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam introduced new beliefs and practices to a wide variety of peoples. These beliefs and practices were often quite different from indigenous religions. In addition, indigenous beliefs and practices often changed the new religions as they adapted to local conditions. These changes frequently resulted in the development of different sects within the new religions. Unit Purpose ß Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam spread across borders and frontiers as a result of missionaries, pilgrims, and trade. Each of these three major world religions changed over time, and all served as elements of change in the societies where they were introduced. ß 1 ß Conversion to the three major world religions was facilitated by the ability...
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...December 2013 How does the self simultaneously live within a virtual world and a physical analog world? When has being bound to religious doctrines and societal dogmas become the factor that constricts one’s potential to freedom from the binary of existing inside or outside the realms of tolerance? Through setting temporal boundaries, one establishes from the allegorical world of the kingdom of God and the rational/visible world of Man. Or are we all ultimately influenced by our digital reflection as exposed through the virtual networks of the Internet and our computer-generated selves? Where is the line between what is real and what is fantasy? As humans, we naturally experience the world analogically by recognizing infinite patterns of data throughout our mundane lives, while digitally we must submit to a finite code or password to identify ourselves to the digital community. In turn, by manipulating and possibly falsifying virtual identities, one can live an alternate, and sometimes dangerous, life through creation of an artificial self, through prosthetic vision and creation of the cyborg. The modernity of humans communicating through machines and developing a highly complex reflective system of digital information that relies on the analog world to input material knowledge suggests that seeking and attaining justice in the analog world is a virtualization exercise. This essay will discuss the connections between virtual and actual identities, the role of the monotheistic God...
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...evolved and we no longer spend our days doing boring stuff like that! Their old-fashioned, subjects that have little relevance in the modern world of the internet and space travel. The question is: shouldn't we allow our education system to further evolve and file Shakespeare in the same drawer where we've stuck Homer, Plato and Ovid? Given the society of North America in the 21 st century, Shakespeare's relevance is declining with each new technical advance. The purpose of this essay is to prove isn't it time to address this question head on, even at the risk of causing legions of English teachers to collapse in horror? Speaking to the world may be the least of the challenges facing those who want the teaching of Shakespeare. Shakespeare's English is the language as they spoke it 400 years ago. It is as ancient and antiquated and old as the Latin and Greek I spoke about in my introduction. Watch any class of high school students tackle Shakespeare and the first book you'll see on theredesks is a student guide of notes explaining who characters are, the plot and the themes. Indeed, it is doubtful that the play itself is ever cracked by some students. How can students in the 21 st century understand any of the great themes raised in these plays if they can't even understand what some guy is saying? If students must read this stuff, switch it for a modern translation. I would like to write a graphic novel using Shakespeare's plots, but maybe it's...
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... VII. Works Cited Topic Definition The migration patterns and demographics of the Gulf countries are closely related to the global economics and societies but are also interrelated between each other and local, intercultural societies. Regional characteristics play an important role in the make-up of populations, as well as the evolution of individual societies and criteria that are unique to a certain part of the country (Arab migration in a globalized world 78). Traditional values and beliefs play a significant role in both international and domestic relations. The conservative nature of a social fabric will create limits for expansion and assimilation, within a different nation. The oil industry has had a great influence on the Gulf countries and the population itself. Global issues and reputation influence the way people view each nation and so, globalization, internal affairs, economics and politics all play an important role. Major focus will be centered on international migration, migration within Gulf countries and the role of personal attributes like education, family and cultural views. Issues and Questions The three major points of focus will be analyzed to determine the patterns, causes and effects. The difference between past migrations and demographics will be compared to the modern days and how the changing world and Gulf countries interrelate. As Gulf countries have had a secluded existence, in both their views and ways of life, international...
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...will bring enormous changes on social activities and movements. His article provides us with amount of food for thought about what is behaviorism and social movement in the age of social media and what is relations between social media and social movements. Of course, there would be a sharp division of opinions between those who approve and disapprove. He argues that it is impossible to reform the society radically by social media such as tweeter and facebook based on weak ties. And he pointed out the limit of ordinary unimportance of weak ties. It means, in spite of extensivity and quantitative expansion of weak ties, it does not have materiality of solidarity showing in the 1960s’ a civil rights movement. And he’s opinion is that the connection of information is different with the solidarity of people. A movement, which goes along with human body, makes people blood boil and heat them up, unlike when they are absorbing information by using their brain cells. It is hard to banish the lingering and regret about that kind of activities same as me. Obviously, 1980s’ movements were based on place and material. Korean 70-80s’ movements were the same. It was not a movement that click and connect the information by using fingers, read the article that is retweeted, judge just by your mind in front of the computer, spread them not as it is but make them extensive reproduction, and gather the force of public opinion....
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...TELECOM INDUSTRY Telecommunication is the transmission of messages over significant distances for the purpose of communication. In the modern age of electricity, telecommunications has involved the use of electric means such as the telegraph and telephone, the use of microwave communications and the use of fiber optics. Telecommunication has proved to be a vibrant industry across the world with a high growth rate during the past few years. The on-going process of deregulation, privatization, and market liberalization has caused basic changes in the market structure of telecommunications from monopoly to that of a competitive one. These developments have resulted in the establishment of regulators in most countries. The regulators are faced with the challenge of developing a competitive environment in the industry; providing a level-playing field to incumbents and to new entrants in the sector. Telecom industry of Pakistan World has become a global village and this is due to prompt, easy and accessible communication. Telecom segment has changed the shape of communication everywhere and this is a hot issue in Pakistan now a days. Telecom sector has emerged as a fast growing industry during past few years and now Pakistan is promising as one of the most progressive country where the number of mobile phone subscribers has reached 40 million. For the reason different companies are being attracted to invest heavily in this division. Due to the enormous competition among different...
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...South Carolina Social Studies Academic Standards Mick Zais, Ph.D. State Superintendent of Education South Carolina Department of Education Columbia, South Carolina State Board Approved Document – August 18, 2011 Contents Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................... iii Introduction .....................................................................................................................................1 Social Studies Standards Page Format .............................................................................................5 Grade-Level Standards for Social Studies Grades K–3 Kindergarten. Foundations of Social Studies: Children as Citizens ...............................................7 Grade 1. Foundations of Social Studies: Families........................................................................12 Grade 2. Foundations of Social Studies: Communities ................................................................17 Grade 3. South Carolina Studies ..................................................................................................22 Grades 4–5 Grade 4. United States Studies to 1865 ........................................................................................29 Grade 5. United States Studies: 1865 to the Present ....................................................................36 Grades 6–8 Grade 6. Early Cultures to 1600...
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...is that, as the world gets smaller, opportunities for growth and development become wider and better. Nowhere is this more clearly manifest than in the sphere of international trade and business relations where foreign market economies, domestic politics and diverse legal systems are linked to each other to create more advantages for the contracting states. Origin of Globalization The origin of the Globalization is not new one. It has been gone thousands of years, first people, and, then later on the corporations and industries have been selling to and buying from each other in different lands and nation’s at large distances. This origin of globalization can be elaborated by taking an example of Silk Road. The Silk Road is an entity that is connecting the Europe and China during the middle ages. The same, for centuries, industries and people have been investing in enterprises and venture in other countries. If truth be told, there are number of characteristics of the contemporary wave of globalization are parallel to those existing before the occurrence of the First World War in 1914. Brecher et al. try to conceptualize the roots of the alternative globalization movement by giving an account of how different counter movements in the second half of the twentieth century, more specifically from the early 1970s onwards, first realized that trans border solidarity was necessary if they wished to further their own agendas in the global political economy...
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...Identify and critically evaluate four variables that account for the emergence of international business. International Business, which is the other way to seek an opportunity of brand new markets and a better driver of changing the recent environment (Ramirez-Aleson & Espitia-Escuer, 2001). It is thought as a business or industry that attracts and provides in international economic activities (Peng, 2011). From the views of domestic and international industries, the former competes and collaborates with the foreign entrants, the latter enters an aboard market to get the market share for growing itself up. Peng (2011) argues that International Business includes both international activities and domestic activities. The traditional boundaries of international and domestic business are deliberated blurring, because most of the previously national markets are globalized now. Mention to the current situation about International Business, it is essential to understand what and how International Business is emerged. The variables of why International Business happened have been defined by scholars, first of all, Dunning (2001) believes competitive advantages are quite important to help corporations extend their business. Second, Johnson & Tuner (2003) indicates five drivers of International Business, that are Economy, International governance and regulation, Finance and capital, Communication technology, Social and cultural convergence, etc. Additionally, Huang (2005) and...
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...Economic globalisation Globalisation has largely benefited the Australian economy. Australia has an abundance of natural resources that our population of 20 million people cannot use, therefore we sell the surplus to other countries that have a demand for the resources, giving us a world market of over 6.5 billion people. Australia's main exports have come from our primary industry, that is, raw materials such as minerals and produce. Our primary industry accounts for approximately 50 percent of our exports and includes coal, uranium, and iron ore as well as other minerals; cereal, such as wheat and rice; and meat and animal products, such as beef and wool. The other 50 percent of our exports are secondary goods and tertiary services. Secondary goods are those that have been processed or manufactured, such as machinery and food products, while tertiary exports are services, including education and tourism. See image 2 Australia imports a number of primary, secondary and tertiary products and services. Crude petroleum makes up the bulk of the primary imports, while computers and cars make up the majority of the secondary goods we import. Most of our tertiary imports are travel-related, including travel, transportation and insurance. See image 3 Importation has negatively affected some local industries. The hardest hit industries are secondary, such as manufacturing, because the cost of labour in Australia is quite high due to our higher standard of living compared to other...
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