...A reform movement is a social movement that is done to make some type of change big or small. The change wanting to be made is a change that is to be made to society, and to those around you. During the early 1800s, a lot of reform movements were made. A lot of these reform movements that were made ended up being very successful in achieving their goals. However, during the process of a reform movement, not everyone is going to agree with what is being done. You will have some people who think it is pointless, and those who think the movement is necessary. Reform movements like the Temperance Movement, Public Education Reform Movement, and the Abolitionist Movement all have made an important impact on society and history, and were all very...
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...the social movement in Syria can be explained. According to the evolutionary theory society naturally evolves into higher levels with time hence resulting to social change. The public has become aware of its social and economic problems. In its quest to better its living standards grassroots oppositions have become more vocal .This is clearly evident in the social movement of Syria. The social movement hopes to achieve radical reforms which include democracy, improved living conditions both socially and economically. In line with the evolutionary theory all societies undergo the same stages of change the ultimate results will vary from one society and the other. Syria’s social movement revolution hopes the violence and protest will invoke change .Drawing examples from Libya and Egypt which have undergone similar revolutions and the success of the Democratic Republic of Turkey. Syria hopes to achieve similar or even better results in terms of better social and economic reforms. The conflict theory suggests that social change is invoked by the increased awareness on the social inequalities and injustices. Society’s wealthy and powerful ensures the laws favour their interests to the detriment of the poor. The arising conflict is an attempt to bridge the gap through equitable distribution of wealth and improved living conditions. Syria’s social movement clearly brings...
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...A social movement is a group of individuals who act collectively to stop or resist a social change. A social movement consists of individuals who are committed to a cause, usually attempting to bring a new order to life. The cause being fought for can vary, ranging from politics to human rights to animal rights. For this optional homework, I did a bit of research on the Animal Rights Movement. The Animal Rights Movement is a large social movement operating in Canada, as well as the United States. The Animal Rights movement advocates that animals should be afforded the same consideration as human beings. Animals should not be treated as property but rather as living beings. Advocates approach the issue from different philosophical positions, ranging from the protectionist side of the movement, presented by philosopher Peter Singer with a utilitarian focus on suffering and consequences, rather than on the concept of rights, to the abolitionist side, represented by law professor Gary Francione, who argues that animals need only one right, the right not to be property. A current dilemma that we see take place is the fight between companies and animal rights movement on if it is right for the companies to test their product on animals. For many companies, the ideology of Peter Singer is used. However for others, such as The Body Shop, products being tested on animals is forbidden, and is advertised on all their products. Animal Rights: The Abolitionists Approach is an organization...
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...contrast two different social movement theories. The study of social movements is a very broad subject and with every new movement paves a way for new theories to be developed. Social movements is usually defined as a group of individuals who share the same ideology and together all try to obtain different political, social and economic goals. Among the current leading social movements looked at today includes resource mobilization, collective behaviour theory, political opportunities theory and frame alignment theory. Throughout this essay I will compare and contrast the two theories which are resource mobilization and the ‘new social movements theory’. Research for resource mobilization theory was introduced during the 1970’s . Resource mobilization was a social movement based on ‘the idea that successful movements acquire resources and create advantageous exchange relationships with other groups as they achieve success in fulfilling their goals’(Constain,1992). Within the framework of this theory outlines two distinct approaches which include: ‘organizational/entrepreneurial’ model presented by McCarthy and Zald and secondly, the socio-political or ‘political/interactive’ argued more favourably by authors such as Tilly, Diani, and McAdam. On the other hand the ‘new social movements theory revolves as an attempt to define the different features of more current social movements which handle global ecology and Native rights. These type of movements raise attention upon the state...
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...Women Movement of 1960s Women Movement of 1960s In this paper I am going to discuss how my own life would be different if one specific event of the 1960s had never occurred. I also would like to discuss how this event influenced my course of study and my choice of career path and how different my life would be if this event had never taken place. The event I am speaking of is The Women’s Movement if the 10960’s. Background Since the rise of dawn women have been treated as second class citizens and unequal to men. They were not given equal rights regarding their education, health, career and other aspects of their lives. In many civilizations women are treated as slaves and men considered them their property. From the beginning of History women are considered to be inferior to men. Even scholars, learned men and socialists of the early age called women as the greatest source of temptation and evil. Women were treated second-rated not only by the social norms, but also by the religion. Many religions of the world considered women as a species to gratify male hunger and produce his offspring. Civilizations were of the views that as women are physically weaker than men in the same way they have weaker mental abilities and powers. Even Christian Fathers gave humiliated statements about women e.g. St Jerome, Latin Father of Christian Church has said “Women is the gate of Devil, the Path of Wickedness, the Sting of the Serpent, in the World...
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...Theories of Social Movements Relative Deprivation Theory Relative deprivation theory, developed by Denton Morrison (1971) is a more general theory about why individuals join social movements. A person experiences relative deprivation when she feels that she is not receiving her “fair share” of what seems to be available. Therefore, the people who are the worst off are not necessarily the ones experiencing relative deprivation. For instance, research in the Civil Rights movement showed that African Americans who were the most active were not most deprived but were fairly well-off, such as college students or religious leaders but they were the ones who felt the most relatively deprived. Key to the idea of relative deprivation is the notion of expectations, that is, what people think they deserve and want in life. If these expectations are met, people do not experience discontent or relative deprivation. On the other hand, if people compare themselves to their reference groups and find that they have less, they will experience relative deprivation. If an individual feels that everyone else seems to be wealthier or generally seems to have it better, they will experience relative deprivation. A second key to the idea of relative deprivation is the notion of legitimate expectations. Relative deprivation is not simply the idea that people want what everyone else has. It is the idea that they think they deserve it and have a right to it. Therefore, if they do not get what they...
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...them. Culture is more than identity and it has the ability to be very powerful, so powerful it can influence and actually start a movement. Culture is important for the development of movements. “Culture implies our striving – it is our striving.” (Keita, 12) Not only does culture thrive for striving, but it helps fight for freedom. “By culture, we understand all… behaviors and attitudes accumulated by the People both through and by virtue of its struggle for freedom from the hold and domain of Nature, and also through and by virtue of its effort to destroy deviationist politics – social systems of domination and exploitation… process of its life.” (Keita, 12) For short, culture can bring people together to fight for freedom and for other reasons. Some ethnicities’ culture is stronger than others. African-Americans are a prime example of an ethnicity whose culture is extremely strong. They hold their culture close to their hearts and they express their culture vibrantly. They stand tall behind their culture and speak proudly of it. African-Americans used their culture to make a change; their culture brought them together to fight together. Their culture is what made them so strong and powerful. There are two important movements the African-Americans were involved in: The Civil Rights Movement and the Black Power Movement. Through these movements, the African-Americans were able to accomplish...
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...2. Explain the two goals of a social movement. While social movements have different goals to work toward. They have two main goals to start with. Social movements also have different goals at different stages of their movement but there are two goals that remain throughout. One of their two main goals is to raise awareness of a social problem. Then the second goal is to get the whole society to recognize the social problem and get it changed. These goals work together to start the movement. The organization must come together over the same social problem. They bring people in who believe in their problem. These people must organize and strategize their organization to have the same vision. They have these people to spend time and money to draw awareness to the problem. They do this to bring in more people into their organization and expand their organization. Once the organization expands large enough they begin to make awareness more prominent. The larger the organization the more areas that can be covered to make the problem more seen and the more resources that are available. They can use pamphlets, speeches, leaflets, media, and many other sources to get society to notice the social problem. Once the awareness of the problem is big enough there are steps taken to get the problem fixed. The problem is an unwanted social situation and is needed to be changed. That is why the organization began. Depending on the social problem the answer can be easily fixed. However,...
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...Kate Nash claims “that social movements have such a central place in the understanding of new forms of politics in the field is largely due to the way in which they have been placed on the research agenda by those sympathetic to, or actively involved in, those politics.” (Nash, 2012: 87) From this statement it is clear social movements have played a crucial role in defining South Africa in terms of social and political status, and they have been the source of many of our current laws and norms that we conform to today. Throughout history there has been debate on whether the terms ‘old’ and ‘new’ social movements are practical when discussing them within a South African context. In this essay, the various characteristics of both ‘old’ and ‘new’ social movements will be discussed in detail so as to understand what each entails, and examples will be given of each. From this, the usefulness of the distinction between ‘old’ and ‘new’ social movements in the post-1994 South African context will be explored so as to come to a conclusion regarding their use in South African history. Reference will be made to the studies of Kate Nash, Richard Ballard et al., Thokazani Nzimakwe and Tsepho Madlingozi ‘Old’ social movements tend to emphasise labour movements and parties that focus movement was seen as directing its attention towards the corporatist state. “ (Nash, 2010: 88) In simpler words, ‘old’ social movements are oriented towards the state, and are therefore emphasise structural hierarchy...
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...Social Movements The world has experienced profound change and transformation in economical level as well as changing of the political and social structure. Especially since the mid-20th century, accelerating urbanization; the processes such as modernization and changes in the community show its impact on the region. Besides with the addition of globalization this impact can influence beyond the continent with common communication channels. All these changes and the social transformation made the social actors’ role questionable. Since the 1960s, the deep and rapid transformation, which also effected the anti-system protest movement. For instance, in 1960, students, the new left and the civil rights movement; LGBT 1970s and 1980s, the environment, women, peace and human rights movements; 1990s and 2000s 'global justice movement' have emerged one after the other, and have increased as well. (Demiroğlu, 2014) Movements are relatively long-term collective engagements in producing or guiding social change. In other words social movements mean expressing inappreciativeness and be the voice that needs to be satisfied. Indeed, in the 19th century the term social movement was often used to describe the actual course of social change, especially change bringing broader social participation. 19th century class struggle of the European workers' movement and the revolutionary masses had brought the issue to the center of political life. In this process, the deteriorating war conditions...
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...Instructor’s Name Course Title Date Social Movement Introduction The concept of participatory democracy entails direct involvement of the people in decisions concerning politics, especially those which impacts their lives. This idea underpinned the activities of most social movements between 1960s and 1970s. Its emergence was mostly characterized by establishing democracy at workplace or industries, a method regarded as useful in allowing workers to participate in decision-making. However, the concept ceased to narrow on democratizing workplace as social scientists modified it to a theory which is applicable in restoring democracy in the society (Bachrach et al. 1). The modified concept focuses on achieving egalitarian redistribution of power in the society, a process which would lead to greater effects on the agenda of democratization. Social media can be cited as one of the achievements of participatory democracy because a lot of information can be gathered and shared across the populations and countries. This article focuses on tracing the influence of participatory democracy on women liberation as well as highlighting its impact on the 21st century social media. The Influence of Participatory Democracy on Women Liberation Officially, women liberation can be traced back to 1960s and should not be confused with the women movement in United States around the same time. In fact, most social scientists regard women movement as a unique branch of women liberation. The difference...
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...Megan English 1301 UTPB Stanley September 6, 2015 Analysis / Synthesis Art Movements from earliest movement to latest movement 1. Art Nouveau 1890-1914 Major Event- World War I started 2. Fauvism 1899-1908 Major Event- The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is founded in the United States. 3. The Ashcan School 1900-1915 Major Event- The Triangle Factory Fire in New York City claims the lives of 146 young immigrant garment workers 4. Futurism 1909- Late 1920’s Major Event- first road for automobiles 5. Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) 1911-1914 Major Event- Sinking of the Titanic 6. Dadaism 1916-1924 Major Event- World War I 7. Art Deco 1925- 1940 Major Event-The first modern winter Olympics are held in Chamonix, France 8. Abstract Expressionism 1947-1965 Major Event- World War II 9. Pop Art 1958-1970 Major Event- War In Korea 10. Op Art 1964-1970 Major Event- Earthquake in Peru Some of my favorite movements are Op art, art deco, and abstract expressionism. Op art is a style of abstract art in which lines, forms, and space are organized in such a way as to provide optical illusions of an ambiguous nature, as alternately advancing and receding squares on a flat surface. What is interesting is it gives the viewer the impression of movement, hidden images, flashing and vibrating patterns. Art Deco is a style of decorative art developed originally in the 1920s with a revival in the 1960s, marked chiefly by geometric motifs, curvilinear forms, sharply...
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...Resource Mobilization McCarthy and Zald (1997) explain resource mobilization as both the societal support and constraint of social movement phenomena (p. 1213). They extend this to include the variety or resources required for movement mobilization: links of the social movement to other groups, external support, and both formal and informal networks (McCarthy & Zald, 1977, p. 1213). Jo Freeman and Anne Costain expand off of this theory, and use it to explain the emergence and mobilization of the American women’s movement (Jeydel, 2004, p. 655). The women’s movement has “incentive to act when their chances for success are high” (Jeydel, 2004, p. 655). They take advantage of new opportunities while simultaneously making new ones for themselves...
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...Eyes on the Prize is a documentary that follows the progression of the African American civil rights movement from 1954 to 1985. This documentary is split into two separate volumes, America’s Civil Rights Years (1954-1964) and American at the Racial Crossroads (1965-1985). The entirety of this documentary is about 14 hours long, so I only watched the first volume: America’s Civil Rights Years. This documentary provides a vast amount of personal accounts and interviews from various people who were directly and/or indirectly linked to the civil rights movement. These interviews gave the individual perspectives of the movement, which were all unique, but established similarities in the feelings of social injustices and prejudices. This documentary did a good job in showing how these individual experiences developed and united to form the civil rights movement. The first volume of Eyes on the Prize hints at the mobilization and political process perspectives mentioned in the introduction of Goodwin /Jasper textbook. The migration of blacks out of the agricultural south provided new resources and opportunities that weren’t available before. The acquisition of these resources including social networking and organizational infrastructure allowed a place to discuss the social injustices brought upon them. Some of the interviewees in the documentary made mentions of going to the churches to unionize, a luxury that wasn’t available before. During this time, World War II was looming...
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...Assignment: A movement that is changing the world Shadrach Diamond Kaplan University SS 310-06 April 25, 2012 The 1960s was a decade filled with changes that had an effect on the nation and the world like none other. During this period, Civil Rights movements took place, the country was at war, a U.S. president was assassinated, and humans walked on the moon. Music and television were creating a completely different culture. For the first time a presidential election was broadcast on TV giving millions of Americans the ability see this event, and the Beatles were influencing the youth with their magical music and lyrics. The events that occurred in this decade not only touched this planet as a whole, but it also made an impression on my personal life. The city I live in saw a big change during the Civil Rights movement in the 1960s. New Orleans, Louisiana, has a large black population who shared the same dream that Martin Luther King spoke about at the Capital. “On August 28, 1963, more than 250,000 people from across the nation came together in Washington, D.C. to peacefully demonstrate their support for the passage of a meaningful civil rights bill, an end to racial segregation in schools and the creation of jobs for the unemployed” (Hansan, n.d.). Martin Luther King Jr. was a pioneer for the Civil Rights movement who encouraged other people to follow him and help change the country’s laws. Because of the advancements in the Civil Rights movement for...
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