...From the discovery of America, by Christopher Columbus, the Dutch, French, Spanish and English set out to explore, occupy and exploit North America. The English colonizers considered Native American communities as societies that still lived in a state of nature prior to the stage of development in which the Europeans lived, and using it, stripped them of their political organizations and their territories claiming that their properties and governments could not be recognized as legitimate. Native Americans were not organized politically like the English, they did not require a European legislative, judicial and executive institutions which according to the English constituted a universal criterion of political society. The reason why Native...
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...The Impact of European Colonization in North America on Native Americans Brittany Council COM/156 March 11, 2012 Donna Jay Abstract Many colonizers succeeded in their conquest for riches and as a result the tribal nations of North America became domestic dependent nations that have had to rebuild themselves from near annihilation. Once the Native Americans were forced on to reservations their struggle to sustain life began. The Europeans’ strategies of targeting American Indian children for assimilation began with violence. The Europeans negotiated many treaties with the native people, but all were later discovered to be unfavorable for the indigenous people. As the European Americans grew larger in numbers, their quest for land and riches spread further into the plains of North America, requiring them to find new ways to travel causing them break treaties with the Plains Indians. Much of the forced removal of Native American tribes was a result of two major events: the Indian Removal Act and the Trail of Tears. The Impact of European Colonization in North America on Native Americans The European colonization of North America proved to be detrimental to the existence of the Native Americans. The colonizers conquered and domesticated the natives and as a result almost completely decimated the tribal nations. The natives were purposely infected with incurable diseases during this time. The Indians’ vision of slavery was corrupted into something they could never...
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...The Origin of Native American Man: A Look at Possible Migrations of Pre-Historic Man Into North America Ally Crawford ARC 330 Dr. Ortmann Spring 2011 Abstract The origins of Native American people have been a topic of debate in academia for decades. There have been several theories, up to and including the possibility that Native Americans arrived via alien intervention. The origins of Native Americans are much less fantastic. Native Americans are descended from ancient Eastern Asians, who crossed into the New World sometime before 14,000 BC. Until recently, archaeology could only speculate on this notion. Recent research in the field of molecular biology is proving this theory has merit. Mitochondrial DNA is showing the same markers in Native American populations as in the Asian populations. Other avenues of research have also lead to the discovery that there are similarities in the X and Y-Chromosomes of the two populations. There are many archaeological and anthropological mysteries surrounding the Americas. Perhaps one of the most perplexing and pervasive is the origin of the Native American peoples. There has been little archaeological data found that can substantiate a human or proto-human presence in the Americas before approximately 14,000 BC. If this is the case, the question becomes from where did the Native American population derive? There have been many hypotheses, ranging from the mundane to the bizarre. A popular conspiracy theory states...
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...James Dinh History Midterm The Europeans and the Natives The European invasion of the Americas greatly influenced the Native American societies. There are many arguments one could make claiming whether or not the coming of Europe to the Americas was beneficial or ended up causing more issues to the Natives than prior their arrival. There are definitely two sides to the coin, the one side that shows how much Europeans have helped the Native Americans, and the other side showing how if the Europeans never came to America, the natives would still be in power but with less technology but more living people. A further investigation is needed on the concept of invasion, and it needs to be taken with a grain of salt, because no matter how much the Natives got from the Europeans, they could have also lost double that. There are many factors to take into account when thinking of the European Invasion in America; one of the largest concepts to think about is the horrific thing the Europeans did to the Native Americans. Two of the strongest examples to take from are the invasions of the Spanish and the French. The Spanish had taken over the Americas long before many Europeans, this allowed them to develop a wealthy empire in America, and they already had a strong sense of a caste system, and they already had Indian and African slaves working for them. But the first stages of the Spanish invasion of America included frightful violence; armies marched across the Caribbean islands,...
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...English 100 Dr.Backman May 14, 2012 The Origin of Native Americans When the famous Spanish explorer, Christopher Columbus, first landed on the continent of America in 1492, he thought he had just arrived in East India , therefore, he called the indigenous people living there “Indians”. Columbus never knew that he had discovered the continent of America, later known as the “New World.” Later explorers continued to adventure America and got interested in the Indians. These explorers were curious about Indian’s culture, religion and its origin. Unfortunately, Indians lived in isolated lives and did not want to expose themselves to outsiders. Indians gradually became a mystery to other people. Nowadays, Indians prefer other people to refer to them as Native Americans. The reason is that they claim to be the original inhabitants ofAmerica; according to their tribe’s legends, they did not travel from other parts of the world to reside in America. On the contrary, many scientists and scholars have agreed on the Bering Land Bridge theory that the majority of Native Americans migrated to America from Asia via a land bridge between Alaska and Eastern Siberia around 20,000 years ago. There have been other theories involving the origins of the Native Americans. One theory suggests they were the descendants of the lost tribes of Israel while another says that they were an ancient Chinese people who migrated to America a long time ago. After comparing and contrasting...
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...Introduction The United States of America for decades has been the best example of a nation that is a melting pot of cultures. This has mainly been due to the fact that currently, the country may be the most racially and culturally diverse nation on the planet. There may be other facts disputing this assumption but the United States beats other culturally diverse nations in terms of the tolerance and harmony between the resident cultures. All this can been attested to the fact that America is an Immigration Country. The country constitutes people from different parts of the world. The process of people moving into the new world that is the Americas where the United State lies began centuries ago and has been an ongoing process to the current day. This paper examines the origins of their Native Americans. This paper also explores their journey into the Americas as the first Immigrants. Their settlement patterns and ways of life will also be examined. The paper also explores how the Native Americans in the Americas fared during the European conquest of the region that is currently identified as the America. Euro-Indian relations, conflicts and their aftermath is also a focus point of the paper, which culminates into the current state of affairs of the Native American community in the Americas. Origins of the Native Americans There are diverse sources of information on the origins and history of the Native Americans. They include oral history passed down through generations...
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...The economy in Colonial Latin America was complex and contained elements of similarity to the mother country system. Although many of the colonies’ economies in Latin America are influenced by the parent country, there different in nuance. Steve Stern does a great job of showing Colonial Latin America utilize attributes from both capitalism and feudalism to create its own sense of an economic system. The fusion of feudalism and capitalism helped to sustain slavery and provide European colonists with political and monetary power over indigenous people living in Latin America. Systematic forced labor proved Stern was correct about how European settlers established a feudalistic society in the Americas. The first establishment of forced labor came in the form of the Encomienda. The Encomienda allowed conquistadors to control Indigenous...
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...pioneers first landed in America in 1492; then in 1493 the first European colonisation commenced in America, with immigrants coming from countries all over such as France, Britain and Spain. It was unknown to them the immense impact that they would have on America that would lead to the creation of ‘New World’. To reach a conclusion as to whether America was a ‘New World’ this essay will examine through culture, trade and economy and developments in technologies, as these were arguably the most significant areas of influence. Nevertheless, technological developments were far more significant for the Natives, as the Europeans had prior been exposed to these technologies. It is clear to a great extent that America was a ‘New...
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...effects of the Columbian Exchange, between 1492 to 1750, on the Americas are similar to that of Europe, in terms of introduction of crops and the movement of native people, yet they differ when discussing the change in the population. A similarity between the environmental effects of the Columbian Exchange between Europe and the Americas, was the introduction of new crops and livestock. The new crops came from both Europe...
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...World, he was not the first to discover the Americas. The Native Americans were the first to discover these lands and make them their home. The early Native Americans came to the Americas from Asia during an ice age that caused sea levels to drop enough to uncover a land bridge across the Bering Strait between Siberia and Alaska. They continued to migrate to America by sea even after global temperatures warmed and sea levels rose to cover the land bridge once more. The Native American continued to migrate south and east out of Alaska, down the west coast of America. Gradually the different groups of Native Americans had migrated throughout America as well as into Mexico and South America. The Native Americans were not a single group of people, but instead were many diverse groups of people, many with their own religions, systems of organization, and languages. While some of these groups still relied on hunting and gathering due to the climate in their areas, most Native American societies relied on agriculture. They hunted, fished, and raised crops and animals to sustain their peoples. The different societies, or tribes, also had different systems of leadership. Some Native American societies were led by the men and worked together to hunt and sustain their peoples. Other societies, such as the Pueblo Indians, were agriculture based and the women dominated. Councils of elders, Chiefs, and Shamans are also examples of leaders in some Native American cultures. Some tribes believed...
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...American culture as the daring and brave explorer who discovered America. However, the celebration of Columbus Day in America perpetuates a narrative of colonial supremacy, overlooking the traditions Christopher Columbus started of abhorrent treatment of Indigenous Peoples and commodification of the land. The origins of Columbus Day are rooted in nationalism and a desire for acceptance rather than a celebration of exploration. The utilization of Columbus...
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...In 1942 Christoper Columbus accidentally discovered America. The land he discovered was very different than his own. There were animals the Europeans has never seen, food they had never eaten, and people that didn't look or have the same culture as their own. The presence of Europeans in America was devastating for the Native American's culture, while the Native Americans were essential to the survival of the Europeans culture in America. When Europeans came to America, they had never encountered the native vegetation that the Native Americans used for food. Some examples of these foods are beans, tomatoes, and potatoes. To this very day, potatoes are one of the most popular food dishes in Europe. Without these Native crops, the European culture may have died out due to starvation. Although the Native American's can take the credit for a good portion of the crops we still grow today, the Europeans contributed to the food culture of Native Americans as well. The Europeans brought sugar cane seeds which became a staple in the European diet. Unfortunately, the popular sugar cane plant also created more work to be done by slaves....
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...of the Native Americans drastically, in many ways. First, the colonization of Europeans caused many Native Americans to die. In addition, another result of the Europeans colonizing the Americas was that the Native Americans were introduced to new foods and animals, resulting in cultural diffusion. Lastly, in the result of European explorers coming to the New World resulted in the Native Americans to be treated badly, such as being sold into slavery. Overall, the result of Europeans settling in the New World influenced the Native Americans ways of living. First of all, the most direct way that European colonization affected the Native Americans, was the infectious diseases that they brought...
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...man who exploited the Native people, led an era of destruction, and did not even discover America. Columbus only caused great despair and does not deserve a day in his honor. Columbus was oppressive to the Native people and only sought to satisfy his thirst for gold. Admittedly, Columbus sparked global interactions that finally linked the “new world” to the “old world” in the form of the Columbian exchange. However, the exchange between the Americas and Eurasia had deadly consequences, leading to infectious plagues that ravaged the Americas. Furthermore, anthropologist Jack Weatherford argues that Columbus cultivated the establishment of atrocious institutions such as slavery in...
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...in the Americas, but it was difficult to cultivate in the poor European crop fields.The production of sugarcane flourished in the New World under the plantation systems in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and soon South America. Sugarcane became an essential part of Europeans’ diets and profit margin; in the New World, many of the conquerors such as Columbus enslaved the native people to cultivate the land. Used in almost every food and drink thereafter, people became addicted, making it one of the largest cash crops in history. Other than sugarcane, Maize is probably the most important of all the New World crops derived from the Columbian Exchange. Maize started in America, but was quickly transported to Europe and successfully cultivated in various regions. Maize helped supplement European diets to keep a steady healthy population. The combination of maize with already used European crop products sustained great population growth, especially after the Black Death and helped to rebuild Europe. Diseases: Smallpox was one of the most deadly diseases brought to the...
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