...2 Contents Page Introduction 3 1. The concept and essence of globalization 1. What is globalization 5 2. History of globalization 11 3. Different types of globalization 13 2. Effects of globalization 2.1 Positive effects of globalization 19 2.2 Negative effects of globalization 21 Conclusion 23 Endnotes 24 Bibliography 25 3 Introduction Today it is really difficult to find a more fashionable and a discussion topic as globalization. Dozens of conferences and symposia, hundreds of books and...
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...Program on the Geopolitical Implications of Globalization and Transnational Security Definitions of Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition Dr. Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan Senior Scholar in Geostrategy and Director of the Program on the Geopolitical Implications of Globalization and Transnational Security Geneva Centre for Security Policy Ambassador Gérard Stoudmann Director Geneva Centre for Security Policy June 19, 2006 To comment, please email Ms. Bethany Webster at b.webster@gcsp.ch. All copyrights are reserved by the authors. Avenue de la Paix 7bis P.O. Box 1295 CH-1211 Geneva 1 Telephone Telefax www.gcsp.ch +41 22 906 83 17 +41 22 906 16 49 info@gcsp.ch Dr. Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan Ambassador Gérard Stoudmann Definitions of Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition Abstract Many authors have attempted, with relative success, to define globalization in a variety of ways. Some claim that it cannot be done, others claim that it would constrain the meaning to do so, and still others have defied these two beliefs and have constructed a working definition. Despite differing opinions about developing a definition, all authors agree on one thing: that defining this term is anything but easy. This paper will attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing definitions of globalization and introduce our proposed definition: “Globalization is a process that encompasses the causes, course, and consequences of transnational...
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...scholars have to develop conceptual foundations of leadership, few attempts have made to unify the plethora of existing definition. The lack of precise, rigorous and commonly accepted definition of global leadership limits the field’s conceptual and empirical progress. The recommended practice for construct definitions, they first review and critique existing definitions of global leadership. Second, one they specifically focus on explicating the global construct by global leadership occurrence and propose three magnitudes with this sub-construct can analyzed: complexity, flow, and presence. At last, they offer refused construct definition and concluded with implications for research and practice....
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...What is social entrepreneurship? The animation is made to explain the concept of social entrepreneurship to the general public and raise awareness of the importance of this type of business.... Social entrepreneurship is the attempt to draw upon business techniques to find solutions to social problems.This concept may be applied to a variety of organizations with different sizes, aims, and beliefs. Conventional entrepreneurs typically measure performance in profit and return, but social entrepreneurs also take into account a positive return to society. Social entrepreneurship typically attempts to further broad social, cultural, and environmental goals is often associated with the voluntary sector. At times, profit also may be a consideration for certain companies or other social enterprises. There are continuing arguments over precisely who counts as a social entrepreneur. Thus far, there has been no consensus on the definition of social entrepreneurship, so many different sorts of fields and disciplines are associated with social entrepreneurship. Philanthropists, social activists, environmentalists, and other socially oriented practitioners are referred to as social entrepreneurs. For a clearer definition of what social entrepreneurship entails, it is necessary to set the function of social entrepreneurship apart from other socially oriented activities and identify the boundaries within which social entrepreneurs operate.[4] Some have advocated restricting the term...
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... 2015 Week 1 Global Strategy: Preface Not a particular multinational enterprise (MNE) strategy, but “strategy around the globe” Most fundamentally about “strategy” before being “global” About entering foreign markets, but also how domestic firms strategise by competing against each other and dealing with foreign entrants 1 27/05/2015 Outline • A global global-strategy book • Why study global strategy? • What is strategy? • Fundamental questions in strategy • What is global strategy? • What is globalization? • Global strategy and globalization at a crossroads 3 Why Study Global Strategy? • Job and career aspiration opportunities • Awareness of what is going on in the world • Avoid downside risks of globalization 2 27/05/2015 Porters Critique Too Many Firms Pursue Best Practice and Seek Operational Effectiveness Through Benchmarking, TQM, JIT Etc. But This Is Not Strategy. Strategy Is About Being Different, Not Being ‘As Good As’. What is Strategy? • Origin-Greek word (strategos)-art of the general Sun Tzu, Chinese military strategist in 500 B.C. Modern-day application to business and competition dates to the 1960s • Plan versus Action - strategy is “explicit, rigorous formal planning” versus “a set of flexible, goal-oriented actions” • Strategy as Theory-how to compete successfully Firms have both intended and emergent strategies One firm’s strategies may not work in all situations ...
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...contributing to more than 9% of New Zealand’s GDP. In 1939, the amount of international travellers worldwide was one million and today there are over one billon each year. (Higham, 2013). This industry has seen major developments, improvements, and growth in just a single generation with the increase in advancements of technology and the introduction of affordable flights. Tourism is a complex system that is constantly changing. Due to this innovative nature, tourism is extremely challenging to define and confine. Generally, the technical definition of tourism, as explained by the UNWTO, is “tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.” (Page, S., 2007). This definition is extremely broad but it becomes difficult to make more specific as it is a fragile system and there are many interpretations of tourism, which are constantly changing. Tourism is a complex system that includes geographic, human, and industry elements. It includes the examining of the interplay of generating, transit, and destination regions, human behaviours and interactions, and the development and delivery of tourism products and services. Due to the increased availability of air travel, there has been significant increase in the ability to access areas of interest, even those of long haul travel such as New Zealand. Although New Zealand is such a removed country...
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...Heights is a six hour PBS television program. This program was based on the book The Commanding Heights, The Battle for the World Economy, by Daniel Yergin and Joseph Stanislaw (1998). The program consistently discusses the importance of globalization, without really giving a definition of globalization. The term of globalization is not neutral, it can mean different things to different people. As stated by The Globalization Website: “Globalization broadly refers to the expansion of global linkages, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a global consciousness, hence to the consolidation of world society. Such an ecumenical definition captures much of what the term commonly means, but its meaning is disputed. It encompasses several large processes; definitions differ in what they emphasize. Globalization is historically complex; definitions vary in the particular driving force they identify. The meaning of the term is itself a topic in global discussion; it may refer to "real" processes, to ideas that justify them, or to a way of thinking about them. The term is not neutral; definitions express different assessments of global change. Among critics of capitalism and global inequality, globalization now has an especially pejorative ring” (Lechner, 2000-2001). Episode 1 The first hour of episode 1, The Battle of Ideas, covered various aspects of different world economies and why globalization was important to the world. The video took the watcher...
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...Introduction Globalization is a popular term used to describe the process of global expansion of economies and markets across borders, exchange of goods and services, mass movements of communities for better working conditions, multi-cultural exposures, exchange of technological know-how etc. The process of globalization is considered to be erasing transnational boundaries with people sharing common goods and services or adopting the cultures of another culture. Thus, the statement given above by Knox and Marston that globalization seems to lead to loss of originality or territorial identity can be considered as true in a way. According to definitions of globalization, the primary characteristics that it possess include movement of people and goods, improvement in technology and telecommunications, diffusion of knowledge and a spurt in multinational corporations. There have been debates about the positive and negative aspects of globalization. Those who are in favour of globalization point out that economically weaker countries can have the opportunity to join the global market and export their goods and services and thereby improve their economies. Also, different governments can co-operate together for global welfare and citizens can experience other cultures and become global citizens. The positive aspects of globalization are again overshadowed by its negative aspects which include loss of territorial identity and original culture. International bodies like the World Bank...
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...are ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ strategies important for enterprises? Prof. Dr. Jose M. Magone LV 400591.01 Work, Business & Society Berlin, 2011 Abstract Nowadays, the importance of social responsibility activities is growing awareness for companies.It is directly related to your business and if you want to have long term business success, you have to create value for the society.People are aware of the social and environmental problems of society.In this technology time, it is so easy to reach the information whatever they want They always follow the daily news from the world and care about them.Due to the fact that paying for the strategies of CSR increases attention to the corporation.Companies’ understanding of social responsibility should always be the part of their investment strategy.They should regard the “Corporate Social Responsibility” as a business management philosophy not as a social activity.It definitely provides sustainability to the business.The purpose of this essay is to explain why “Corporate Social Responsibility” strategies are so important for enterprises.Firstly I will explain the theoretical information about criterias and framework of CSR and then I will support the facts by giving examples from the international companies to clarify the reasons of importance well. Index of Abbreviations The abbreviation used throughout on this essay is presented below; CSR – Corporate Social Responsibility ...
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...he was a Visiting Fellow at the Kellogg Institute. His publications include The Fruits of Fascism: Postwar Prosperity in Historical Perspective and The German Predicament: Memory and Power in the New Europe (with Andrei S. Markovits) both published by Cornell University Press. His most recent coauthored book is The Myth of the Global Corporation (Princeton University Press, 1998). Reich has also published many book chapters and articles in journals such as International Organization, International Interactions, The Review of International Political Economy, and German Politics and Society. He has received fellowships from the Sloan Foundation and the Kellogg Institute and was awarded an International Affairs Fellowship from the Council on Foreign Relations. His current work is on the issue of the definitions and central propositions of globalization. This paper was written during my stay at the Kellogg Institute. I wish to express my appreciation to the fellows and staff of the Institute for all their help on this project, notably to Scott Mainwaring who is now director of the Institute. Introduction The end of the Cold War provided a major shock for scholars of politics and policy in at least two respects. First, it provided a classic example of the limitations of both social and policy sciences predictive capacity. Few foresaw, let alone predicted, the tumultuous events that marked the end of the decade. Second, those events simultaneously dislodged the organizing...
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...GLOBAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT (MGT380) DEGREE IN BUSINESS STUDY (BBA) MODULE HANDBOOK Instructor: IMRAN KHAN Office Timing: 0930-1730 Faculty of Business Administration Department of Management Sciences CONTENTS S.No | Topic | Page No. | 1. | Module Handbook | 1 | 2. | Contents | 2 | 3. | Introduction | 3 | 4. | Contacting the Module Instructor | 3 | 5. | Aim for this Course | 3 | 6. | Prerequisites | 4 | 7. | Teaching and Learning Strategies | 4 | 8. | Learning outcomes | 5 | 9. | My teaching Philosophy | 5 | 10 | Assessment Scheme | 5 | 11. | Reading Materials | 6 | 12. | Course Requirements and Expectations | 6 | 13. | Assessed Coursework | 7 | 14. | Academic Dishonesty | 7 | 15. | Plagiarism and Cheating | 7 | 16. | Course Outline | 8 | 17. | Detailed Course Outline | 9 | INTRODUCTION__________________________________________________ Today the world is becoming a global village. No country has such great economy that can survive by its own. The 21st century is the era of interdependence, globalization, and outsourcing. The International environment is more complicated than domestic and more challenging. Transnational problems whether environmental, cultural, economic and political, needs better understanding to compete in international world. This course, International Business (IB MGT 480) provides a foundation to understand different strategies required in international business whether at small scale or large scale....
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...Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Mgmt. (in press) Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/csr.132 How Corporate Social Responsibility is Defined: an Analysis of 37 Definitions Alexander Dahlsrud* Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Faculty of Social Science and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ABSTRACT Despite numerous efforts to bring about a clear and unbiased definition of CSR, there is still some confusion as to how CSR should be defined. In this paper five dimensions of CSR are developed through a content analysis of existing CSR definitions. Frequency counts are used to analyse how often these dimensions are invoked. The analysis shows that the existing definitions are to a large degree congruent. Thus it is concluded that the confusion is not so much about how CSR is defined, as about how CSR is socially constructed in a specific context. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. Received 24 April 2006; revised 31 August 2006; accepted 18 September 2006 Keywords: analysis; corporate social responsibility; definitions; discourse; social construction Introduction HE CORPORATE WORLD IS FACING THE NOTION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) wherever it turns these days. On a wide range of issues corporations are encouraged to behave socially responsibly (Welford...
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...Communications of the Association for Information Systems (Volume 15, 2004)713-729 713 INTRODUCING e-GOV: HISTORY, DEFINITIONS, AND ISSUES Åke Grönlund Örebro University, ake.gronlund@esi.oru.se Thomas A. Horan Claremont Graduate University, ABSTRACT The e-Gov field (also called Electronic Government, Digital Government, Electronic Governance, and similar names) emerged in the late 1990´s. Since then it spurred several scientific conferences and journals. Because the field grew considerably in size, both its contents and position with respect to other research fields and disciplines need to be explained and discussed. What is e-Gov? What is e-Gov research? What does it mean for the field of Information Systems? This paper briefly sketches the short eGov history and current status, and discusses the content of the field as it appears in current research. We conclude with a discussion of e-Gov as a research field of interest both as a new application area for IS theories and methods and as a source of new insight. Keywords: electronic government, governance I. INTRODUCTION The e-Gov (Electronic Government or Electronic Governance) field1 emerged in the late 1990´s as a context within which to share experiences among practitioners. Over the past few years eGov gave rise to several conferences with more and more scientific content. Some specialized journals now appear. Because the field grew to considerable size, both its contents and position with respect to other research fields...
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...by:- Corporate social responsibility is not a new concept. However, what is new is the shift in focus from making profits to meeting societal challenges. Giving a universal definition of corporate social responsibility is bit difficult as there is no common definition as such. However, there are few common threads that connect all the perspectives of CSR with each other; the dedication to serve the society being most important of them. Most ideal definition of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been given by world business council for Sustained Development which says, “Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large” .Thus, the meaning of CSR is twofold. On one hand, it exhibits the ethical behavior that an organization exhibits towards its internal and external stakeholders (customers as well as employees). On the other hand, it denotes the responsibility of an organization towards the environment and society in which it operates. CSR is also referred to as: • ‘corporate’ or ‘business responsibility’ • ‘corporate’ or ‘business citizenship’ • ‘community relations’ • ‘social responsibility’. History of CSR “The phrase Corporate Social Responsibility was coined in 1953 with the publication of Bowen's Social Responsibility of Businessmen”...
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...Toward a Conceptual Model of Global Leadership Jose Mathews* In the globalized world, global organizations have to contend with global leaders, and no easy parallel can be found between domestic and global leaderships. Researchers have approached the construct of global leadership from different perspectives of cognitive complexity, competency, behavioral, human capital, personality process and global mindset. In relation to these perspectives and the contextual elements of global business environment, a model of global leadership is derived. The key content variables of global leadership are explained in the realms of cognitive complexity, emotional resilience, cultural intelligence, motivational processes and related facets which interact with the global business environment. Introduction In organizational behavior, leadership appears to be the most researched, debated and discussed topic, and researchers have analyzed what leaders are like, what they do, how they are effective, what are the conditions/situations that make them effective, how do they bring about changes among the followers, the styles of their interactions with the followers and how they go about achieving their individual, group and organizational goals (George, 2000). The traditional focus of leadership is the organization that operates within a limited boundary. However, the changed context of globalization and the emergence of multinational and transnational corporations necessitate...
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