...consensus, it seems, is that it needs to change fundamentally or it could all but disappear. At The New York Times, tough times have elevated IT-enabled innovation to the top of the agenda. A research and development group, created in 2006, operates as a shared service across nearly two dozen newspapers, a radio station, and more than 50 Web sites. “Our role is to accelerate our entry onto new platforms by identifying opportunities, conceptualizing, and prototyping ideas,” explains Michael Zimbalist, the company’s vice president of R&D. Zimbalist’s staff of 12 includes experts in rapid prototyping, specialists in areas like mobile or cloud computing and data miners who probe Web site data for insight into what visitors do. They work within a common framework based on idea generation, development, and diffusion throughout the business. Recent projects included prototypes for new display ad concepts, as well as BlackBerry applications for Boston.com and the expert site About.com. The team’s work is intended to supplement and support innovation taking place within the business units. For example, the team is prototyping E-Ink, an emerging display technology; some business units can’t spare the resources to investigate it. At NYTimes.com, the design and product development group of Marc Frons, CTO of Digital Operations, worked with Zimbalist’s team and Adobe developers on the Times Reader 2.0 application, the next generation, on-screen reading system it developed on the Adobe AIR...
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...History During the world war second the financial expert of allied nations recognized the need of international to deal with monetary anf financial problem.the 44 allied Nations convened the united Nation monetary and financial conference at Bretton Woods,New Hampshir U.S.A.only july 1-22 1994.At this conference the articles of agreement were drawnfor the international monetary fund and international Bank for reconstruction and development. The Bank articles of agreement were submitted for ratification to 44 governments during 1945 and entered into force on december 27,1945when they were signed by28 of nations.the banks start its operations on june25,1946.The head office of the bank is at Washington D.C U.S.A. Function of world bank Function:- i. To assist in reconstruction and development of member countries by facilitating the investment of capital for productives purposes. ii. World bank also used to promote and supplement private foreign investment. iii. It is used to promote the balance growth of international trade through the development of productives resources of members. iv. It give perference to more useful and urgent project. v. To assist in bringing about smooth transaction from wartime to peace time economy. Purpose of world bank The World Bank was established to promote long-term foreign investment loans on reasonable terms. The, purposes of the Bank, as set forth in the 'Articles of Agreement’ are as follows: 1) To assist in the reconstruction...
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...Saint Mary's University Chapter 1 / Foundations of Information Systems in Business CASE 2 27 The New York Times and Boston Scientific: Two Different Ways of Innovating with Information Technology A and the resources to turn their ideas into reality. Typical projects are measured against criteria like revenue potential or journalistic value. R&D projects aren’t. “Since we build software, there’s no huge capital investment up front,” Frons says, “which allows us to experiment. The emphasis is on rapid development.” Times Widgets, a widget-making platform, was a contest winner, as was the recently launched Times Wire, a near real-time customizable interface for online content. “We’re trying to solve specific problems and think about where the business is going,” Frons says. Frons is focused on enhancing revenue, cutting costs, and increasing efficiency through process improvements and automation. The New York Times has launched a cool interactive map that shows the most popular Netflix rentals across 12 U.S. metropolitan areas: New York, San Francisco/Bay Area, Boston, Chicago, Washington, Los Angeles, Seattle, Minneapolis, Denver, Atlanta, Dallas, and Miami. If you’re a Netflix junkie and a closet Twilight fan (and you live in a major U.S. city), your rental habits are now on display. To create the map, The New York Times partnered with Netflix. The map is a graphical database of the top 100 most-rented Netflix films of 2009 laid on top of maps. With it you can graphically...
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...The New York Times and Boston Scientific This case study presents two companies, The New York Times, a publishing company and Boston Scientific, engaged in the field of medical equipment and health; that use information technology in different ways to foster innovation and maintain an edge in their respective industries. The New York Times used a shared service across nearly two dozen newspapers, a radio station and more than 50 web sites. Its role is to accelerate entry onto new platforms by identifying opportunities, conceptualizing, and prototyping ideas. They also partner with other companies such as Netflix to produce an interactive map that shows most popular Netflix rentals. New York Times have also been able to come up with other products like Times Widgets, and Time Wire. Boston scientific on the other hand creates a machine Goldfire software that provides the right mix of openness and security for data to enable employees share information. The main goal is to have any engineer to be able to access the research of their colleagues. This is getting achieved without throwing security out the window. Q1 According to Wikipedia, Shared services refers to the provision of a service by one part of an organization or group where that service had previously been found in more than one part of the organization or group. Shared services are dedicated units structured as centralized point of service and is focused on defined business functions. These are similar to collaboration...
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...Table of Contents * Introduction 1 Evolution of Management Philosophies and Theories 2 Management Philosophies and Theories before 20th Century 2 Management philosophies and Theories during 20th Century 3 Management Philosophies and Theories after 20th Century 5 Scientific Management Theory 6 Bureaucratic Management Theory 6 Human Relations Movement 6 Traits of Progressive Management Development Programs 7 Contingency Theory 7 Systems Theory 7 Chaos Theory 8 Reputable Management Gurus and Contributors 9 Roger Martin 9 Frederick Winslow Taylor 10 Linda A. Hill 12 Vijay Govindarajan 14 Coimbatore Krishnarao Prahalad 16 Conclusion 17 References 18 Introduction Administration is the function of industry concerned in the determination of corporate policy, the co-ordination of finance, production, and distribution, the settlement of the compass of the organization, and the ultimate control of the executive. Meanwhile, management is the function in industry concerned in the execution of policy, which is within the limits set up by administration, and the employment of the organization for the particular objects set before it. Although literature on the field of business management dates back to the late nineteenth century, the study of human service management and administration is relatively recent. Most of the literature has come from the field of non-profit management such as social work, the arts, education, research, science, religion, philanthropy,...
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...gastronomic areas; aesthetic effects and interpretation as gastronomically pertinent; the physiology, emotional, social, and psychological responses triggered by cultural cuisine and the contrary effects when altered or deliberately changed; and the economics of cultural cuisine’s purity or forced changes. The purpose of this study will be to identify, explore, compare, and educate the reader concerning major world cultures over the centuries, particularly as it applies to gastronomy and cultural division in the world today. Introduction Gastronomy is the scientific categorization for the process of eating – searching, procurement, and preparation of food – with a focus on preserving mankind’s existence. It is gastronomy which motivates vine dressers, hunters, hybrid cultivators, and cooks/chefs in preparing food for human consumption. As alimentary substances, then, food is quantifiable within various scientific and socioeconomic strata and is applicable to physics for properties, chemistry for composition, commerce for global marketplace competitiveness, cookery for palatable and proper preparation to sustain life, cultural for identity and adhesion, and political for taxation and international exchange power....
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...Student McResearcher Mr. Milroy Honors World Literature [DUE DATE] The Enlightenment and the Atlantic Revolutions Before the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment movement in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries, divine reasoning and superstition were the explanation for unknown events, leadership, and government. Kings and emperors were justified by the gods or God of the people. People were killed due to accusations of witchcraft because there was no other explanation for the peculiar event that took place. Religion was the center of almost everyone’s life, and it explained many unknown elements of the world, such as creation. However, with new ideas and a scientific background, the world went through drastic changes. The Enlightenment, with its new radical ideas, particularly about government and human reason, served as the basis and...
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...first. Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell entered into a famous legal battle over the invention of the telephone, which Bell won. The telegraph and telephone are both wire-based electrical systems, and Alexander Graham Bell's success with the telephone came as a direct result of his attempts to improve the telegraph. When Bell began experimenting with electrical signals, the telegraph had been an established means of communication for some 30 years. Although a highly successful system, the telegraph, with its dot-and-dash Morse code, was basically limited to receiving and sending one message at a time. Bell's extensive knowledge of the nature of sound and his understanding of music enabled him to conjecture the possibility of transmitting multiple messages over the same wire at the same time. Although the idea of a multiple telegraph had been in existence for some time, Bell offered his own musical or harmonic approach as a possible practical solution. His "harmonic telegraph" was based on the principle that several notes could be sent simultaneously along the same wire if the notes or signals differed in pitch. The History of the Telephone - Timeline 1847...
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...States, was born January 17, 1706 in Boston, Massachusetts. He had many jobs throughout his lifetime including author, printer, inventor, scientist, postmaster, political theorist, statesman, diplomat, and civic activist. As a scientist he made significant contributions to the history of physics and American innovation through his experiments and discoveries with electricity. He also gave important credibility to the forming American nation through his work as an author, spokesman in London, and as the first American ambassador to France. Franklin defined his vision of what a true American should be, reconciling practical values such as hard work, saving, education, self-sufficient...
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...Greek bakers in the Italian Bakery, Boston Rodney Everts | From apprentice - master baker - foreman, with 20 years of struggle. Was forced on the old management as part of a racial-equality ruling; endured the daily coldness of the old Greeks, but made his way up through sheer determination and merit. | The change of management was a release; the new national company was less racist in character, and welcomed the technological changes in the bakery | Welcomed most of all the retirements of the Greeks and the hiring of the polyglot workforce. Responsible for choosing most of the people on the shop floor. | Angry at how blindly the workers work; but the low level of solidarity and skill is not the workers’ fault. | Angry at the company for preferring non-union workers; if they were better paid, they would stay longer. | Angry at the company for using flextime schedules as a lure for low-wage work. | Wants all his people together on the shop floor, at the same time, to deal with problems together as best they can. E.g. the overflowing trash cans | | But the foreman stands alone. The people beneath him do not see themselves in the same clear way. | 1970’s Boston | 1990’s Boston | Owner | First owner: a very poor Jew/ an American entrepreneur without Italian roots | Sold to a medium-sized publicly traded organization/ a giant food conglomerate | Managers ...
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...Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of our country. He is mostly known for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. He was an inventor in his time and ended up creating the lightning rod, bifocals, and the Franklin stove, and more. Before creating these important inventions though, he had an interesting life. Benjamin Franklin was born on Milk Street in Boston, Massachusetts on January 17th of 1706. He grew up in a large, religious family. Josiah Franklin was the father of seventeen, one being Benjamin. Josiah was married more than once and had Benjamin with his second wife Abiah Folger. As a candle maker, Josiah worked hard but had little time to be home. Because of this, the household was mainly run by Abiah. According to Benjamin, it was a crowded, noisy and happy home. The little house where Benjamin spent most of his childhood was right next to Old South Church. In this church, he was baptized, along with many of his siblings. Josiah wanted Benjamin to become a minister, so he sent him to South Grammar School. After going there for a few months, Josiah decided he could not afford it any longer, so Benjamin was removed...
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...Greek bakers in the Italian Bakery, Boston Rodney Everts | From apprentice - master baker - foreman, with 20 years of struggle. Was forced on the old management as part of a racial-equality ruling; endured the daily coldness of the old Greeks, but made his way up through sheer determination and merit. | The change of management was a release; the new national company was less racist in character, and welcomed the technological changes in the bakery | Welcomed most of all the retirements of the Greeks and the hiring of the polyglot workforce. Responsible for choosing most of the people on the shop floor. | Angry at how blindly the workers work; but the low level of solidarity and skill is not the workers’ fault. | Angry at the company for preferring non-union workers; if they were better paid, they would stay longer. | Angry at the company for using flextime schedules as a lure for low-wage work. | Wants all his people together on the shop floor, at the same time, to deal with problems together as best they can. E.g. the overflowing trash cans | | But the foreman stands alone. The people beneath him do not see themselves in the same clear way. | 1970’s Boston | 1990’s Boston | Owner | First owner: a very poor Jew/ an American entrepreneur without Italian roots | Sold to a medium-sized publicly traded organization/ a giant food conglomerate | Managers ...
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...Modern Psychology Aissa Gulbrandsen November 16, 2013 Psych/310 Professor Sharon Cohen Psychology is a relatively young science, just over a hundred years old. Philosophers over the passing centuries formed various theories based on their observations in human behavior. “At the heart of both philosophy and psychology are questions about the nature of knowledge: Is the world an invention of the human mind? Are some methods of gaining knowledge (e.g., scientific methods) more reliable and rational than others? And can we ultimately justify fundamental beliefs concerning such things as the laws of logic, the existence of other minds (in addition to our own), and the durability of causal relationships?” (Fletcher, 1996). The origins of modern psychology have their roots in philosophy harking back to the beginning with the Greeks, and on to the age of enlightenment and into the 19th century. In the 17th century philosophers like Rene Descartes took their observations about human behavior and tried to explain how the mind and body worked. Descartes created a distinction between mind and body. He posited that the mind was in the pineal gland and the body composed of “animal spirits” that coursed...
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...Helping Your Child Learn Science U.S. Department of Education Margaret Spellings Secretary First published in September 1992. Revised in 2004 and 2005. This booklet is in the public domain. Authorization to reproduce it in whole or in part for educational purposes is granted. While permission to reprint this publication is not necessary, the citation should be: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Communications and Outreach, Helping Your Child Learn Science, Washington, D.C., 2005. To order copies of this publication in English or Spanish, write to: ED Pubs Education Publications Center U.S. Department of Education P.O. Box 1398 Jessup, MD 20794-1398; or fax your request to: (301) 470-1244; or e-mail your request to: edpubs@inet.ed.gov. or call in your request toll-free: 1-877-433-7827 (1-877-4-ED-PUBS). If 877 is not yet available in your area, call 1-800-872-5327 (1-800-USA-LEARN). Those who use a telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD) or a teletypewriter (TTY), should call 1-800-437-0833. or order online at: www.edpubs.org/webstore/Content/search.asp This publication is also available on the Department’s Web site at: www.ed.gov/parents/academic/help/hyc.html On request, this publication is available in alternate formats, such as Braille, large print, audiotape, or computer diskette. For more information, please contact the Department’s Alternate Format Center at (202) 260-9895 or (202) 205-0818. Children’s books and magazines are mentioned in this booklet...
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...Classical organization theories (Taylor, 1947; Weber, 1947; Fayol, 1949) deal with the formal organization and concepts to increase management efficiency. Taylor presented scientific management concepts, Weber gave the bureaucratic approach, and Fayol developed the administrative theory of the organization. They all contributed significantly to the development of classical organization theory. Taylor's scientific management approach The scientific management approach developed by Taylor is based on the concept of planning of work to achieve efficiency, standardization, specialization and simplification. Acknowledging that the approach to increased productivity was through mutual trust between management and workers, Taylor suggested that, to increase this level of trust, • the advantages of productivity improvement should go to workers, • physical stress and anxiety should be eliminated as much as possible, • capabilities of workers should be developed through training, and • the traditional 'boss' concept should be eliminated. Taylor developed the following four principles of scientific management for improving productivity: • Science, not rule‐of‐thumb: Old rules‐of‐thumb should be supplanted by a scientific approach to each element of a...
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