...Comparative Essay Ginsberg, Hughes and Thoreau Confidence and self-reliance are qualities that are admired and desired by many people. Confidence is defined as a feeling or consciousness of one's powers or of reliance on one's circumstances, and a faith or belief that one will act in a right, proper, or effective way. Self-reliance is defined as the ability to care for one's self. Because people aspire to be confident and self-reliant, these qualities are common themes in literature. This essay compares three quotes, taken from three very different pieces of literature about American values, in which confidence and self-reliance are illustrated. “I refuse to give up my obsession. America, stop pushing. I know what I’m doing.” – Allen Ginsberg, “America.” Allen Ginsberg’s “America” presents a sharp criticism of American culture by someone who has almost completely rejected its values. The poem’s speaker addresses America directly, as if he were giving a lecture or a sermon to the nation itself instead of to the American people. The nation’s aggressive anticommunist foreign policy and its culture of materialism and conformity are the targets of the speaker’s criticism. This poem was written in 1956 and was one of the first widely read literary statements of political unrest in the post-World War II America. Themes from the recent wars are prominent such as the nuclear bomb or Asian foreign policy, but the poem also depicts national racial unrest...
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...2,147 words Hypnosis as it is practised refers to an interaction between two people, one of whom is identified as the hypnotist, the other as the subject/client, (P2 Hypnotherapy handbook, by Heap and Dryden). Hypnosis is a process in which psychological, mental emotions, reactions and behaviour are changed to improve health and positive wellbeing. During this essay I will talk about the history and what the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis are. Further to that I will be discussing the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy, why some of us are more susceptible and how hypnosis has been used in medicine, as well as the comparisons to hypnosis today. We have all been in a hypnotic state however most do not notice it because, at the time, it seemed a natural state of mind. However, the hypnotic state is natural for all humans and many animals. Neurologists believe that the left side of the brain is where the logical control centre of the brain exists (conscious mind), and the right side of the brain controls creativity (subconscious mind)(.website ,Hynosis.me.uk, hypnosis how does it work, clinical hypnosis and memory: guidelines for clinicians and forensic hypnosis by D. Corydon Hammond) This supports the idea that under hypnosis the conscious mind takes a back seat and the sub conscious mind takes over, e.g. when you are driving yourself along a familiar road past your exit, or you suddenly became aware of yourself behind the wheel and wondered where you were going...
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...Name: School: St.Andrew High School for Girls Date: September 2012-13 Candidate Number: Teacher’s Name: Mrs. Blake-Newell Acknowledgement Firstly, the researcher would like to thank God for the Knowledge, wisdom and understanding needed to complete the assessment. Gratitude is expressed to the researcher’s family for moral support and last but not least, Mrs. Blake-Newell for her patience and guidance during the course of this task. Research Question To what extent is it true to say that the planters were the main reason why slavery was abolished British West Indies in 1834? Table of Contents Rationale ……………………………………….……………… 1 Introduction ………………………………….………………... 2 Summary of Findings ……………….…………………………. 4 Conclusion …………………………………………………….. 11 Bibliography …………………………………………………... 13 Rationale The researcher chose to do this topic to get a better understanding on whether or not the planters’ actions were the main reason why slavery was abolished in the British West Indies in 1834. The researcher hopes that this study will be beneficial in the future and will boost the researcher’s knowledge on the topic. Introduction The plantocracy, who was generally made up of white slaves owning members of the society in the West Indies during slavery were also known as the planter class. This set of people insisted that Africans deserved to be slaves because they were lazy, dishonest...
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...How can we explain conformity? Draw on at least two examples Scott and Marshall (2005) explain conformity with people’s attempts on complying with other’s norms and rules in order to fulfill their expectations. But is it really that simple? Conformity is one of these terms in sociology that have too much different tones and shades, and thus requires deep examination. This essay looks at in detail at a number of classical studies on the subject of conformity as well as it analyzes a particular type of conformity, i.e. gender conformity. Examples and case studies given from both academic experiments and everyday life help this essay in arguing that conformity is a complex process happening to all of us most of the time even without our knowledge. Moreover, this essay provides information about why people actually conform. Every person is an individual. However, every person belongs to a group. The nationality of a person, their sex, their age, the colour of their skin, and even their hobbies are all different kinds of groups to which this person belongs to. Group membership helps building a type of social identity, while applying its norms and rules upon the individual (Brown 2000). Moreover, even in cases in which a clear hierarchy and roles are absent because of the instant development of the group, social influence remains existent. Social influence definition given by Allport (1968) is as it follows, ‘an attempt to understand and explain how the thought, feeling, and...
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...Jennifer Cooper The Reflections of Life’s Existence PHIL201 –Introduction to Philosophy July 31, 2014 Abstract The discussion of life’s questions is not easy. Philosophers use many points to prove their arguments. The debates of how and why we make our decisions will go on as long as we are around to research ourselves. Philosophers use metaphysics to study the world around us using science and knowledge. Epistemology is the study of how we gather knowledge and how it is trusted. Ethics is the framework by which people make decisions of right and wrong. Ethics also deals with individual, social, and cultural moralities. The Reflections of Life’s Existence Introduction Why do we care about the meaning of life? Do we need to ponder questions about our existence in order to be happy? Scientists and philosophers have pondered these questions and tried to find answers to concerns about free will and do we have a soul. They also have deliberated about how reason effects our decisions and if ethics plays a role in how humans interact. Do people with higher morals make for happier people? Metaphysics: What is real and how do we know the correct reality? Metaphysics is the study of reality and how we understand the world around us explained using science and reason. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (IEP) explains (n.d.) Aristotle believed that we perceive our world around us with our eyes. We are visual creatures. That is why sight is so important and...
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...Soriah. I went to the downtown restaurant with a group of friends for an afternoon meal without telling them of my Norm Violation assignment. Being the only informed one in the experiment seemed like the best way to get the most candid reactions from my peers. When I arrived to the restaurant I immediately noticed several social norms that everyone at the establishment was following. The customers and the staff were well dressed, and everyone was conducting himself or herself in an appropriate indoor manor. Everyone who was dining there was using silverware and had napkins in their laps as well. I also noticed that the group of people I had walked in with had already broken some less serious social norms or folkways. They way we were dressed epitomized college students who were struggling financially and those who did not have dressing nice high on their list of priorities. I could tell that we had instantly acquired stigmas from both the staff and some of the customers, simply by how we were dressed for the setting we were in. However, we were not acting unruly by any means and these stigmatisms seemed to be overlooked once we were seated. We were seated in a very open area of the restaurant and immediately served water with our menus. Although this seems like a very normal thing to do, the non-verbal actions by the staff made it seem like they were trying to hurry us through their restaurant because we did not fit the standard of their average customer. This made me think...
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...Core study 1 Asch 1955 : Aims and Context Summarise the aims and context of Asch’s 1955) research opinions and social pressure An individual is said to conform if they chose to study a course of action that is favoured by the majority or that is considered socially acceptable .When an individual is influenced by how the majority of people think this is considered socially acceptable Conformity is a form of social influence that results from exposure to the majority position , the tendency for people to adopt the behaviour, attitudes and values of other members of a reference groups, This was a study of conformity in an ambiguous situation ‘unclear’. Jenness asked students to guess how many beans there were in a jar,they were then asked to discuss in groups. Lastly they were asked to give their estimates again, individuals estimates tended to converge to the group norm.It seems reasonable that when in an ambiguous situation (were the answer isn't obvious ) we look to others to get some ideas about behaviour . Jenness's research is limited as he specifically asked participants to produce a group estimate rather than just observing if they would produce group estimates. Sherif conducted a similar investigation into responses to an ambiguous stimulus using the auto kinetic effect ( this is where a stationary spot of light projected on to a screen appears to move) Sherif told participants he was going to move the light , he asked the pp’s to estimate by how far the spotlight...
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...Sensitive parenting is the most important factor in a child’s psychological development – discuss This essay will explore the concept of sensitive parenting and will look at how the dynamic interactions between parent and child inform Attachment Theory a model which measures child development. This model, pioneered by Bowlby is posited within the principles of a psychoanalytic and biological perspective (Bee, H.L., 2000). Child attachment can be classified into two main types, secure and insecure, by using a standard laboratory assessment known as the “Strange Situation” developed by Ainsworth, insecure attachment was divided further into sub groups, ambivalent and avoidant (Ding, S. & Littleton, K. 2005). Whilst discussing attachment theory which utilises the concept of an internal working model other approaches in terms of understanding how parenting affects child development will be explored. Theoretical positions such as social learning theory which lies heavily on behaviourist principles will be looked at, parenting styles where patterns of parenting will be discussed and inter-generational transmission which serves to perpetuate society’s inequalities and disadvantages with negative connotations for a child’s psychological development (Ding, S. & Littleton, K. 2005). “Disturbed” and “Disturbing Behaviour” will also be explored. The medical model and social model perspectives challenge the understanding in terms of attributing cause of problem behaviour to either...
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...Fine Arts & the Creative Process: Theatre Emphasis April 26, 2012 Cloud 9 Critical Response The play Cloud Nine examines questions of gender identity, sexuality and individual freedom, as they exist within two traditional, oppressive ideological models: colonial imperialism and masculine supremacy. By contrasting these worlds of political and sexual dominance, the play draws a parallel between the paralysis exacted by both frameworks upon the development and expression of unique, authentic personhood. The play dramatizes the argument in startling fashion by challenging the touchstones of theatrical convention. Specifically, it defies usual methods of depiction, for some of the main characters in Cloud 9 are portrayed by actors who do not, in any physical or obvious way, resemble those characters. Because the play distorts and uproots the standards of dramatic characterization in such a bold way, the staging of Cloud 9 can potentially border on the ludicrous. So thrown is the audience, that members might start to disengage from the activity of the play and dismiss its theatrical experimentation as too obvious to be regarded seriously, too overdone to be clever or provocative. However, if such an impression of Cloud 9 is registered, I believe this is a failing not of the play but of an audience conditioned to assign fixed attributes to characters in order to render them intelligible. Cloud 9 is not interested in offering satisfaction in this rather simple manner, or of treating...
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...THE ECONOMIC RECORD, VOL. 81, NO. 255, AUGUST, 2005, S2–S21 Economics of Social Capital∗ PARTHA DASGUPTA Frank Ramsey Professor of Economics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK The literature on the idea of ‘social capital’ is now enormous. Offering an alternative to impersonal markets and coercive states, the communitarian institutions built around social capital have looked attractive to scholars in the humanities and social sciences. The literature in consequence has a warm glow to it. In this article, I first study the various contexts in which the promises people make to one another are credible and then suggest that the accumulation of social capital is a possible route to creating such a context. I offer a tight definition of social capital – namely, interpersonal networks – so as not to prejudge its ability to enhance human well-being. The links between the microfoundations of social capital and the macroeconomic performance of economies are then studied. I also show that economic theory not only identifies circumstances in which communitarian institutions can function well, but that it also uncovers a dark side, namely, their capicity to permit one group to exploit another within long-term relationships. I felt greatly honoured on receiving the invitation to deliver the R.C. Mills Memorial Lecture at this conference. Now that I am actually about to deliver it, I feel even more honoured. You will appreciate that the invitation raised a problem for me: given...
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...intermediate jobs and 33% from parents with routine jobs or unemployed, reason being that most middle class parents will afford to take children to private schools or pay for private tuition (webb, r etal2008). We operationalize the concept of class in school by using the access of free school meals (FSM), which is offered to children whose parents get unemployment benefit and come from deprived areas. There is a huge difference in education attainment between pupil receiving FSM and not receiving FSM, Statistics show that at age11, 40% of children receiving FSM will not attain skill in maths or English, at age 16, 35% of children receiving free school meals will get 5 GCSE`S. 31.2 % of children receiving FSM achieve 5 GCSE compared to 88.8% of non receipt of FSM (Department of education 2010). There are inequalities in educational achievement from different ethnic group. On average Asians and...
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...Names and Education – there will be 4 questions on Education. These are simply names – you do not need to remember them all – you need to choose which ones you want to remember. Cut and paste to reduce. It is vital that you also have a generaloverview of the key ideas so do the same for key concepts / theories 1. Theories of Education – What is the role and purpose of education? |Functionalism | | |E.Durkheim and T.Parsons |Passing on society’s culture: this then unites people together by giving them shared values (value consensus). | | |According to Durkheim schools are societies in miniature - he argues that the key role of education was to teach | | |children moral responsibilities in order to promote social solidarity. Education provides secondary socialisation. | | |(Meaning the teaching of norms and values of society) to add to the primary socialisation provided by the family. | | |Examples of the values that education teaches to children include the importance of achievement, meritocracy and | | |competition. ...
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...the use of Facebook, as it is the most popular and well known social network site available, however other sites will be addressed in the study to ensure it has a comprehensive view of social network sites today. It is widely acknowledged that social networks are a big part of modern day society and are widely used, with almost half of children aged 8-17 having an active profile on at least one social network site. (Bicen and Cavus, 2010. p.17) There are many discussions and arguments as to the impact that social networks have had on the lives and the education of students and young people that will be identified in this review. With social networks playing an important part in the lives of students, a full understanding of their usage, or non-usage is needed in order to examine the impact that such sites have on the lives of their users. The Advantages of Social Network Sites Social networking sites improve the confidence of students due to the social interaction and the ability to create friendships. Cheung et al (2010) describe how social networks were created for students at university to connect with others on campus, and how it has now transformed so users can stay in contact with billions of others all over the world. Theyexplain how membership of social network sites has risen exponentially, and is still growing with the leading social network...
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...THE EFFECT OF AFFECT ON FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING: A REVIEW OF THE ANXIETY RESEARCH Thomas Scovel University of Pittsburgh Although studies of the relationship between affective factors and language learning proficiency abound in the literature, the evidence to support such a relationship is difficult to interpret. Much of the problem resides in the fact that a wide range of variables are lumped together under the rubric “affect.” An attempt is made to ameliorate this situation by defining affective variables in terms of traditional psychological theory and classifying them as a subset of those variables intrinsic to the learner. The conflicting evidence dealing with one important affective variable, anxiety, is then examined, and it is shown that ambiguous experimental results can be resolved if the distinction between facilitating and debilitating anxiety is drawn. Further classificatory distinctions are discussed from the abundant experimentation undertaken by applied psychologists, and an attempt is made to consider the implications of some of this research for adult language learning-for some of the new methodologies in EFL as well as for future research opportunities. Affective Variables One does not have to delve deeply into the literature on the relationship between affective variables and second language learning to discover that “affect” is a cover term under which is swept a wide range of disparate constructs and behaviors. Included under the...
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...time and space and in relation to physical character, society and culture. * Cultural anthropologist [culture] * Linguistic anthropologist [language] * Archeologist [material artifacts] * Biological anthropologist [origin and evolution] Science * System of knowledge covering general truths [scientific method] Scientific Method * Procedure for the systematic pursuit of knowledge Social Research * Done to gain a body of information which helps us understand behavior and society Quantitative Research * Numeric data and precise statistical analysis Qualitative Research * Nonnumeric information is used to describe * Done as they happen Experiments * Research situation designed to elicit some sort of behavior Field Research * Observe events as they occur * Non-participant observation [without interaction] * Participant observation [with interaction] Surveys * Consists of a series of questions to respondents Unobtrusive Research * Hawthorne effect [change in behavior due to the knowledge that they are being observed] * Examination of social evidence that people leave behind * Statistical Analysis [using data gathered earlier or by someone else for a different purpose] * Content Analysis [study of recorded communications]...
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