...The North West Company Push vs Pull The North West Company Executive Summary: The North West Company is a leading retailer of food and everyday needs in rural Canada. They are currently using a “push” strategy with the category managers at headquarters analyzing trends, placing orders and allocating products to stores. Inspired by Giant Tiger’s pull system, North West management was considering giving store managers more control over their inventory ordering by moving to a “pull” replenishment strategy. Barry McLeod, Director of Procurement and Marketing, has been assigned with determining if this “Pull” strategy would be a better fit. In order to reduce the risk and capitalize on the benefits, North West should localize in the hands of Regional Retail Managers. This strategic change will be beneficial for North West as they would gain the required regional/store level knowledge while avoiding giving all the responsibility to local store managers and investing a large amount of dollars to support the pull system. Table of contents: Contents Issue(s) Identification 1 Environmental & Root Analysis: 2 Alternatives and/or Options: 3 Recommendation: 4 Implementation: 5 Monitor: 6 Issue(s) Identification The North West Company is experiencing inventory management problems with unsold inventory piling up as well as experiencing stock outs resulting in lost sales. They have not been able to increase their yearly inventory turns from 2.2, well short...
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...1. Introduction Primark is an Irish clothing retailer, operating in Europe, in countries such as Germany, Spain, Ireland and United Kingdom. It is a subsidiary of Associated British Foods (ABF), a British multinational food processing and retailing company. Primark first open in Dublin 1969 under the name Penney’s, and have retained the name till this day in Ireland. Over the years Primark have expanded by buying out their competitors such as British Home Stores (BHS) and Clemens and August (C&A), they now have 257 stores across Europe (Primark, 2013). Primark sells clothes that are economical affordable. The company sources cheaply, using simple designs and fabrics in the most popular sizes and buys stock in bulk. Primark core competence is in their distribution change, the source all their products (Primark, 2013). Presently Primark Clothings are worn all over the world. However, Primark only has stores and outlets in Europe. This report proposes Primark entry into the Nigerian retail market using two P’s (Promotions and Product), the marketing mix, marketing planning, entry and analysis of the cultural factors that may affect the process. 2. Nigerian Retail Industry and Nigeria’s retail sector is undergoing change with international retail brands entering the country, new malls being constructed and the transformation of informal markets into more modern facilities. Shoprite a South African retailer and the biggest on the continent have been in operations in Nigeria...
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...carriers to achieve true hybrid status: low fares with frills. It has firmly entrenched itself in luring business travellers through a small corporate sales force and built up its network in Boston to largely cater to the more lucrative corporate traveller. This shift in strategy was primarily undertaken to even out the dramatic peaks and troughs JetBlue experienced with its leisure-focused model, and was also accompanied by a push into Latin American and the Caribbean to introduce markets with a strong base of visiting friends and relatives traffic (VFR) that JetBlue concludes is somewhat recession proof. At the same time, it has aggressively added interline partners that help to boost its passenger numbers and smooth out the revenue troughs it can experience during slow travel periods. But that strategy is not without critics. JetBlue’s growth rates during the last few years have raised eyebrows when most carriers have constantly refined their capacity growth to near zero or have actually shrank their supply. JetBlue counters it is still a young company in growth mode, and it justifies the expansion by pointing to its unit revenue performance. Both passenger unit revenue per available seat mile (PRASM) and yields grew by 10% in 2011, and its 5% to 7% supply growth forecast for this year remains intact after growing 8.6% in 2011. JetBlue estimated share of business travellers in its top Boston markets Source: JetBlue JetBlue’s efforts to attract business travellers...
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...Contents overview List of figures List of tables List of mini case studies Acknowledgements 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Introduction to International Marketing The International Marketing Environment The International Marketing Information and Research Process International Competitive Marketing Strategies Market Selection Decisions and Entry Strategies Management of Exporting and Importing International Marketing Operations and Planning Product and Brand Decisions for International Marketing Service Strategies for International Marketing International Channels of Distribution and Logistics Management Pricing Decisions in International Markets Integrated International Marketing Communications International Business-To-Business Marketing Retail Internationalization and Marketing The Internet and International Marketing Ethics and International Marketing Index xix xxi xxiii xxiv 1 34 68 104 138 172 209 239 274 303 335 367 401 430 454 478 507 Contents List of figures List of tables List of mini case studies Acknowledgements 1 Introduction to International Marketing Introduction The nature of international marketing Contextual determinants of international marketing Historical development Definition of international marketing Relationship with other business fields A theoretical framework for international marketing Approaches to internationalization Factors causing internationalization The process of firms’ internationalization A holistic approach The motivation...
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...Halsey, Shereen Hijazi. Date of Submission: August 30th, 2012 Title of Assignment: Term Project – Marketing Plan CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas or words, either quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me specifically for this course. Student's Signature: Brizaida Ribalta, Jessica Halsey and Shereen Hijazi ***************************************************************** Instructor's Grade on Assignment: Instructor's Comments: Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 Company Description 6 The Origin of Nike, Inc. 6 Today’s Nike 7 Mission and Goals 8 Core competencies 10 Situation Analysis 11 Macro-Level External Environmental Factors 11 Competitive Environmental factors 12 SWOT Analysis 15 Competitors 16 Reebok 16 Adidas 17 Puma 17 Target Market 19 Segmentation 19 Target Marketing 19 Marketing Mix 20 Product Strategy 20 Distribution Strategy 21 Promotion Strategy 21 Pricing Strategy 24 Customer Relationship Management 24 Budget and Monitoring 26 Summary and Conclusions 28 List of References 30 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Nike is a leader in sportswear providing high quality innovative products. Our mission is to continue pushing boundaries...
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...& Management Term Paper Industry- Personal Care Industry Company – VI-John Private Limited Product – VI-John Shaving Cream Submitted to: Prof. Ramesh Venkateswaran By Group 8A Kartik Saruparia (144043) Nitu Rai (144064) Priyanka Katoch (144081) On 12.08.2015 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, Udaipur VI-John - Journey of Desi Brand From the second storey of his office, Vimal Pande looked towards the sky and started contemplating his thoughts what to do next to maintain the pace with innovative and competitive personal grooming industry. VI-John was founded in 1960, Kochar family had built the desi company into one of the major players in manufacturing of shaving creams. Customers used VI-John shaving cream because it was affordable and delivered quality. The company is known for high-quality shaving cream in the business and charging low prices for them. The company has always targeted mass customers and never raised the price of the product alike their competitors. Currently, the company is enjoying its position in the industry as a volume leader. But the market value share (21.7%) of the VI-John shaving cream is less than market volume share (29.2%) whereas competitors like Axe, has market value share (12.9%) greater than market volume share (7.4%), similarly, Gillette having market volume share of 3.9% has a market value share of 7%. (Refer Exhibit 1) In past, the company had tried to increase its value share by increasing the price but the...
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...Chapter 1 - Geography Matters: Definitions: * Human geography the study of the spatial organization of human activity and of people’s relationships with their environments * Cartography: the body of practical and theoretical knowledge about making distinctive visual representations of Earth’s surface in the form of maps * Map projection: a systematic rendering on a flat surface of the geographic coordinates of the features found on Earth’s surface * Ethnocentrism: the attitude that a persona’s own race and culture are superior to those of others * Imperialism: the extension of the power of a nation through direct/indirect control of the economic and political life of other territories * Masculinism: the assumption that the world is and should be shaped mainly by men for men * environmental determinism: a doctrine holding that human activities are controlled by the environment * globalization: the increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental political and cultural change * ecumene: the total habitable area of a country. Sine it depends on the prevailing technology, the available ecumene varies over time. Canada’s ecumene is so much less than its total area. * Geodemographic research: investigation using census data and commercial data (i.e. sales data and property records) about populations of small districts to create profiles of those populations for market research ...
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...Table of Contents Table of Contents Migration Research Objective Introduction: ..................................... Part I Internal and International Migration 1. Linkages between Internal and international Migration 2. Characteristics of Migrants 3. Causes of Migration 4. Phases of migration Part II Temporary and Permanent Migration 1. Distribution of Egyptian migrants according to skill level 2. Distribution of Egyptian migrants according to Destination 3. Economic Effect of Migration 4. Impact of Migration 4.a. on the Labor Supply of Adults Left Behind 4.b. and remittances on household poverty 5. Remittances at micro-level 6. Remittances at macro-level 7. Remittances and Development 8. Volume of Remittances 9. Impact of remittances on poverty alleviation 10. Brain Drain/Gain (causes, effects and solutions) 11. Egyptian Migration To Arab Countries Part III Legal and Illegal Migration 1. Definition 2. Dimensions 3. Causes 4. Dangers 5. Methods 6. Legal and political status 7. Migration Stages 8. The gangs of illegal migration contrive new behaviors….. 9. Egypt youth migration ……….. Ideal cases Objective The whole theme of this paper is to vivid the magnitude of migration, to profile the workers who migrate, to identify the types of migration and to determine the extent to which migration affects the rate of poverty...
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...Executive Summary:_________________________________ Jute is a versatile, natural fiber that has been used for thousands of years to make things such as rope, twine, hessian bags, rugs, and much more. While it is still being used extensively around the world, it is not as popular as it could have been. Given the increasing focus on environmental issues these days, jute good products can be put into the lime light, as they are environment friendly. Taking in view the prospects, this is the high time to promote the export of the jutediversified products using limited resources. Although Bangladesh is famous for jute and allied fibers, garments industries swept in and have developed due to relative advantage and cheap labor cost. As there is the Multi fiber concept of merger jute with other natural and synthetic fibers, jute has bright future for using them in the various textile areas. It needs wide support for production and marketing of such diversified products. As a result, the Govt. of Bangladesh initiated policy programmed for the production of diversified jute goods through private sector. The government’s new jute policy is expected to focus on enhancement of the country’s production capacity, diversification of the product base and growth of export earnings. It would be good if it were complemented with good corporate governance practices within the remaining BJMC (Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation) mills to ensure that both public and private mills can compete on equal...
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...Company’s product or service ( Natural – organic personal care products that include: (Lip balm, oral care, hair care, body care, face cleansing and care and outdoor – sun care). 2. Customer ( Someone who pays the money for the service and/or product. According to the Natural Marketing Institute (2007), the Natural-Organic Personal Care Products Market targets consumers classified as LOHAS consumers. LOHAS is the acronym for Lifestyles Of Health And Sustainability. This refers to an integrated consumer group, which has a meaningful sense of environmental and social responsibility and incorporates those values into purchasing decisions. LOHAS is a critical target for companies marketing natural and organic personal care products because these consumers opinions are very influential and help push healthy environmentally- friendly products into the mainstream market. 3. Level in chain ( Develop, manufacture and distribution (Hoovers, 2009). Product develop: to improve an existing product or developing new kinds of products; manufacture: to make or process (a raw material) into a finished product, especially by means of a large-scale industrial operation and distribution: the process of marketing and supplying goods, especially to retailers....
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...in Japan making the Toyota as its mater piece. JIT is system whether company starts manufacturing/purchasing once the customer orders the good effectively making zero inventories. In other words, in a JIT environment materials are purchased and produced as and when it is needed. The whole idea is based on the phrase provide the goods just in time as promised when the order is placed by the customer. The opposite of the JIT production is known as JIC (Just in case) system where it produces goods for inventory with the intention of having goods just in case a customer places an immediate order. JIT production system identifies the hidden problems in the value chain and reduces the production waste of the system while increasing the throughout (Sales- Raw Material Cost). Even though the JIT system seems to be interesting and less complicated it requires lot of coordination with supply chain to avoid delays in the production schedule. The whole concept of the JIT is differentiated from traditional productions systems using push vs. pull systems ofproduction. The push system of production pushes materials to the next stage of the production irrespective of whether time and resources are needed at the next level of production creating lot of inventories at each level of the production flow. The traditional manufacturing organizations adopt push system where they produce for inventory and work in progress. The pull system of production is where the materials are pulled by next level...
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...Japanese Companies in Germany: A Case Study in Cross-Cultural Management JAMES R. LINCOLN, HAROLD R. KERBO, and ELKE WITT'ENHAGEN* From a series of qualitative interviews with Japanese managers and German managers and workers in thirty-one Japanese-owned companies in the Dusseldorf region of western Germany, this article discusses differences in cultural patterns and organizational styles between the German and Japanese employees and the problems these pose for communication, cooperation, and morale. First, we deal with cultural contrasts: language issues, interpersonal styles (personability and politeness), and norms regarding the taking of responsibility. Second, we examine the impact on cross-nationality relations of established organizational practice: for example, German specialism vs. Japanese generalism; direct and vertical vs. indirect and incremental decision making. We also discuss efforts by these firms to find compromise systems that would meet the needs and interests of both sides. The third focus is the reactions of Japanese companies in North Rhine-Westphalia to German unions, works councils, and codetermination regulations. In the labor view, Japanese firms overall do no better or worse than comparable German firms. Japanese direct investment in Western economies is concentrated in North America and the United Kingdom. In consequence, a rich journalistic and scholarly literature examines the Japanese experience in the Anglo-American countries, the management...
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...products that we’re often challenged to say exactly where they were made. Example: Japanese firm Matsushita furnishes the CD player in the Korean-manufactured Kia Sorento.) International business consists of all commercial transactions—including sales, investments, and transportation—that take place between two or more countries Increasingly foreign countries are a source of both production and sales for domestic companies (These global activities enable us to get more variety, better quality, or lower prices. Private companies undertake such transactions for profit while governments may undertake them either for profit or for political reasons.) Studying International Business is Important * Most companies are either international or compete with international companies * Modes of operations may differ from those used domestically * The best way of conducting business may differ by country * An understanding helps you make better career decisions * An understanding helps you decide what government policies to support (Global events affect companies of all sizes and industries. As a...
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...Journal of World Business 37 (2002) 69±80 Eastern European cluster: tradition and transition     Gyula Bakacsi, Takacs Sandor, Karacsonyi Andras, Imrek Viktor1 Budapest University of Economic Sciences and Public Administration, 1093 Budapest, Hungary Abstract The eastern European cluster consists of Albania, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Poland, Russia, and Slovenia. It has a population of 232 million and a gross domestic product (GDP) of U.S.$772 billion. The cluster's distinctive cultural practices are high power distance and high family and group collectivism. The region is facing signi®cant challenges during its period of transition from communist philosophy to market-based economies. The participating managers value a much greater degree of future and performance orientation, but are strongly attached to their cultural heritage of deep family and group cohesion. They are also highly value charismatic and team-oriented leadership. The challenges and complexities facing the region are explored in the paper. # 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. 1. Introduction This article provides an in-depth look at the eastern European culture. This region is understudied due to its socialist past and was not (with the exception of Greece and Yugoslavia), included in Hofstede's seminal work (1980) or basic reviewing and synthesizing study of Ronen & Shenkar, 1985 comparative study of 25 countries. Over the past few years, a few writers have examined cultural and...
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...Impact of Organized Retailing on the Unorganized Sector Mathew Joseph Nirupama Soundararajan Manisha Gupta Sanghamitra Sahu May 2008 INDIAN COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS Foreword The retail sector is expanding and modernizing rapidly in line with India’s economic growth. It offers significant employment opportunities in all urban areas. This study, the second undertaken by ICRIER on the retail industry, attempts to rigorously analyse the impact of organized retailing on different segments of the economy. No distinction has been made between foreign and domestic players, in analyzing the impact of the increasing trend of large corporates entering the retail trade in the country. The findings of this study are based on the largest ever survey of unorganized retailers (the so-called “mom and pop stores”), consumers, farmers, intermediaries, manufacturers, and organized retailers. In addition, an extensive review of international experience, particularly of emerging countries of relevance to India, has also been carried out as part of the study. The study estimates that the total retail business in India will grow at 13 per cent annually from US$ 322 billion in 2006-07 to US$ 590 billion in 2011-12. The unorganized retail sector is expected to grow at approximately 10 per cent per annum with sales rising from US$ 309 billion in 2006-07 to US$ 496 billion. Organized retail, which constituted a low four per cent of total retail in 2006-07, is estimated...
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